Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C2/Grammar-of-TurtleScript/English"

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Title of the tutorial: Grammar-of-TurtleScript
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Author: ITfC Bangaluru
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Key words: Grammar of Turtle script, if-else condition, Comments, Commands, Numbers, Strings, Variables, Boolean values, strings and video tutorial.
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{|border =1
 
{|border =1
 
!Visual Cue
 
!Visual Cue
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'''$a = 2004'''  
 
'''$a = 2004'''  
  
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'''$b = 25'''  
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'''$b = 25'''  
  
 
'''print $a + $b'''  
 
'''print $a + $b'''  
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|-
 
|-
 
||Highlight '''print''' commands
 
||Highlight '''print''' commands
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|| print command displays the varible on the canvas
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||'''print''' command displays the varible on the canvas
 
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|-
 
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||I will clear the current code from editor.type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas
 
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|-
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||Boolean Values  
 
||Boolean Values  
 
||Now  I will explain about Boolean values.
 
||Now  I will explain about Boolean values.
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'''print $answer'''  
 
'''print $answer'''  
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'''Boolean value false''' is assigned to variable''' $answer'''  because 7 is greater than 5
 
'''Boolean value false''' is assigned to variable''' $answer'''  because 7 is greater than 5
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||Let's Run the code now
 
||Let's Run the code now
  
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Turtle diplays Boolean value false on the canvas.
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'''Turtle''' diplays '''Boolean''' value '''false''' on the canvas.
 
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|-
 
||“if-else” conditon.
 
||“if-else” conditon.
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'''go 0,0'''
 
'''go 0,0'''
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|| I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
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||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor.
  
 
Pause the tutorial and type the program into '''KTurtle''' editor.
 
Pause the tutorial and type the program into '''KTurtle''' editor.

Latest revision as of 15:38, 18 December 2013

Title of the tutorial: Grammar-of-TurtleScript

Author: ITfC Bangaluru

Key words: Grammar of Turtle script, if-else condition, Comments, Commands, Numbers, Strings, Variables, Boolean values, strings and video tutorial.

Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title slide

Hello everybody.

Welcome to this tutorial on Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle.

Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial, we will learn about
  • Grammar of Turtle script and
  • 'if'-'else' condition
Slide Number 3

System Requirement

To record this tutorial I am using,

Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04.

KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta.

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle

If not,

for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

http://spoken-tutorial.org

Switch to KTurtle Application

Dash home >>In the Search bar

type KTurtle click on the KTurtle icon.

Let's open a new KTurtle Application.

Click on Dash home.

In the Search bar, type KTurtle.

Click on the KTurtle icon.

Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the Terminal

>>type kTurtle >>press enter to open

We can also open KTurtle using Terminal.

Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the Terminal.

Type KTurtle and press enter to open the KTurtle Application.

Slide Number 5

Turtle Script

Let's first look at TurtleScript
  • TurtleScript is a programming language
  • It has different types of words and symbols used for various purposes
  • It instructs Turtle what to do
Slide Number 6

Grammar of TurtleScript

Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes-
  • Comments
  • Commands
  • Numbers
  • Strings
  • Variables and
  • Boolean values
Slide Number 7

Numbers

Now we will see where to store numbers

Numbers can be stored in

  • Mathematical operators
  • Comparison operators and
  • Variables
Zoom text I will zoom the program text for clear view.
Switch to KTurtle window First let's look at variables.

Variables are words that start with ‘$’ sign, for example $a.

In the editor they are highlighted in purple color.

Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content.

Variables can contain numbers $a=100.

strings $a=hello or

boolean values that is true or false $a=true

Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else.

For example, consider the code.

$a = 2004

$b = 25

print $a + $b

Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004.

Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25

print command, commands Turtle to write something on the canvas.

print command, takes numbers and strings as input.

print $a + $b commands Turtle to add two values and display them on the canvas.

Run the code Let's Run the code in slow speed.

Value 2029 is displayed on the canvas

Slide Number 8

Mathematical operators

Let us next see the Mathematical Operators.

Mathematical operators include,

  • + (Addition)
  • - (Subtraction)
  • * (Multiplcation)
  • / (Division)
Clear code I will clear the current code from editor and type clear command and RUN to clean the canvas
I already have a program in a text editor.
I will Explain the code now
Highlight reset “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position
Highlight canvassize 200,200 canvassize 200,200 fixes the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each.
Highlight $add = 1 + 1 value 1+1 is assigned to the variable $add,
Highlight $subtract = 20 – 5 Value 20-5 is assigned to variable $subtract,
Highlight $multiply = 15 * 2 value 15 * 2 is be assigned to the variable $multiply.
Highlight $divide = 30 /30 30/30 is assigned to the variable $divide.
Highlight go 10,10 go 10,10 commands to Turtle to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas
Highlight print commands print command displays the varible on the canvas

reset

canvassize 200,200

$add = 1 + 1

$subtract = 20 – 5

$multiply = 15 * 2

$divide = 30 /30

go 10,10

print $add

go 50,50

print $subtract

go 100,100 print $multiply

go 175,175

print $divide

go 0,0

I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.

Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor.

Resume the tutorial after typing the program

Run code

Point to the values

Let us click on Run button to run the program

Command which is getting executed is highlighted on the editor.

Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions.

Let us consider a simple example for using comparison operator .

Type the commands being shown on the screen.

Clear code I will clear the current code from editor and type clear command and RUN to clean the canvas
zoom text I will zoom the progrm text to have clear view
Switch to Kturtle Window Let's type

$answer = 10 > 3

print $answer

Here 10 is compared to 3 with the ’greater than’ operator.

The result of this comparison, the boolean value true is stored in the

variable $answer and the value true is displayed on the canvas.

Run the code Let's run the code now

Turtle displays Boolean value true on the canvas.

Slide Number 9

Strings

Now lets see how Strings work in this application –
  • Strings can be put in variables like numbers
  • Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators
  • Strings are highlighted in red color
  • KTurtle identifies a line in double quotes as a string
clear code I will clear the current code from editor.type clear command and Run to clean the canvas
Boolean Values Now I will explain about Boolean values.

There are only two boolean values: true and false.

For example Let's type the code

$answer = 7<5

print $answer

Boolean value false is assigned to variable $answer because 7 is greater than 5

Run code Let's Run the code now

Turtle diplays Boolean value false on the canvas.

“if-else” conditon. Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.

‘if’ condition is executed only if the boolean value evaluates ‘true’

‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’ .

clear code I will clear the current code from editor.type clear command and Run to clean the canvas
I already have a code in a text file.
Highlight the code This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly on the canvas.
reset

$x=4

if $x>5 {

print $x

print “is greater than five”

}

else {

print $x

print “is smaller than six”

}

go 0,0

I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.

Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor.

Resume the tutorial after typing the program

Run code Let's Run the code now

the Turtle has compared the values 4 and 5.

and has displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas .

With this we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let's summarize.

Slide Number 10

Summary

In this tutorial, we have learnt about
  • Grammar of Turtle script and
  • ‘if-else’ condition
Slide Number 11

Assignment

Now to the assignment part.

Solve an equation using

  • if - else condition
  • Mathematical and comparision operators
  • Display the results using “print” and “go” commands.
Slide Number 12

Assignment

To solve the assignment

  • Choose any four random numbers
  • Multiply two sets of random numbers
  • Compare the results using the comparison operators
  • Display the results
  • Display greater result at center of the canvas
  • You can choose any equation which you like.
Slide number 13

Acknowledgement

Watch the video available at this URL

http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial

It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

Slide Number 14 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

Slide number 15 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at this link

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]

The Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru.

This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig

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