Difference between revisions of "GChemPaint/C3/Aromatic-Molecular-Structures/English"

From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 75: Line 75:
 
||Right click on any one of the corner>>A '''Submenu''' appears  
 
||Right click on any one of the corner>>A '''Submenu''' appears  
 
||Right click on any one of the corner,
 
||Right click on any one of the corner,
 +
 
A '''Submenu''' appears.  
 
A '''Submenu''' appears.  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 98: Line 99:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||Let's copy and paste the structure
+
||Let's copy and paste the structure.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Press '''CTRL+A''' to select the structure >>'''CTRL+C'''  to copy>> '''CTRL+V''' to paste.  
 
||Press '''CTRL+A''' to select the structure >>'''CTRL+C'''  to copy>> '''CTRL+V''' to paste.  
 
||Press '''CTRL+A''' to select the structure.
 
||Press '''CTRL+A''' to select the structure.
  
−
'''CTRL+C''' to copy and
+
'''CTRL+C''' to copy and
  
 
'''CTRL+V''' to paste the structure.   
 
'''CTRL+V''' to paste the structure.   
Line 170: Line 171:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||Next let's learn about''' Benzene''' derivatives.
+
||Next let's learn about ''' Benzene''' derivatives.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 6'''
 
||'''Slide Number 6'''
Line 186: Line 187:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Press '''CTRL+C''' to copy >> '''CTRL+V''' twice to paste.
 
||Press '''CTRL+C''' to copy >> '''CTRL+V''' twice to paste.
−
||Press '''CTRL+C''' to copy and  '''CTRL+V''' twice to paste the structure.
+
||Press '''CTRL+C''' to copy and  '''CTRL+V''' twice to paste the structures.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
Line 224: Line 225:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Click on the hydrogen of third Benzene structure.
 
||Click on the hydrogen of third Benzene structure.
−
||Likewise let's click one of the hydrogens of third '''Benzene''' structure.
+
||Likewise let's click one of the hydrogens of the third '''Benzene''' structure.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Remove ''Hydrogen'' and type capital NO 2  
 
||Remove ''Hydrogen'' and type capital NO 2  
Line 253: Line 254:
 
||A '''mono-substituted''' compound of '''Benzene''' can be substituted at positions-
 
||A '''mono-substituted''' compound of '''Benzene''' can be substituted at positions-
  
−
1 & 4- as '''Para'''.
+
1 and 4- as '''Para'''.
  
−
2 & 6- as '''Ortho'''.
+
2 and 6- as '''Ortho'''.
  
−
3 & 5- as '''Meta'''.
+
3 and  5- as '''Meta'''.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
Line 275: Line 276:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||
 
||
−
||Let's substitute '''Nitrobenzene''' with a '''Carboxylic(COOH)'''  group.  
+
||Let's substitute '''Nitrobenzene''' structure with a '''Carboxylic(COOH)'''  group.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool>>
 
||Click on '''Add or modify a group of atoms''' tool>>
Line 321: Line 322:
 
1)two of the '''Hydrogens''' of the sixth '''Benzene''' with  '''Cl''' atoms.  
 
1)two of the '''Hydrogens''' of the sixth '''Benzene''' with  '''Cl''' atoms.  
  
−
2)1 and 4 '''Hydrogen''' positions of the seventh '''Benzene''' with '''COOH'''  group.
+
2)first and fourth '''Hydrogen''' positions of the seventh '''Benzene''' with '''COOH'''  group.
  
 
Your completed assignment should look like this.
 
Your completed assignment should look like this.
Line 357: Line 358:
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Point to the tool
 
||Point to the tool
−
||Merge two molecules tool becomes active.
+
||'''Merge two molecules''' tool becomes active.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||Click on '''Merge two molecules''' tool to merge the molecules.
 
||Click on '''Merge two molecules''' tool to merge the molecules.
 
||Click on '''Merge two molecules''' tool to merge the molecules.
 
||Click on '''Merge two molecules''' tool to merge the molecules.
  
−
Drag the structure to observe the merging.
+
Drag the structure to observe merging.
  
 
<pause>
 
<pause>
Line 376: Line 377:
 
1. Convert '''Cyclohexane''' to '''Cyclohexene'''
 
1. Convert '''Cyclohexane''' to '''Cyclohexene'''
  
−
2. Convert '''Cyclohexene''' to Benzene  
+
2. Convert '''Cyclohexene''' to '''Benzene'''
  
 
3. Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with F
 
3. Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with F
Line 395: Line 396:
 
2.Two Pentane structures
 
2.Two Pentane structures
  
−
3.Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane   
+
3.Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane  molecules.
  
−
Your completed assignment should look like this
+
Your completed assignment should look like this.
 
|-
 
|-
 
||'''Slide Number 13'''
 
||'''Slide Number 13'''

Revision as of 13:30, 18 November 2013

Visual Cue Narration

Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Hello everyone.

Welcome to this tutorial on Aromatic Molecular Structures in GChemPaint.

Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial, we will learn to

1. Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene

2. Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene

3. Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with other atoms.

4. Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with group of atoms

5. Merge two molecules

Slide Number 3

System Requirement

Here I am using

Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04.

GChemPaint version 0.12.10.

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,

GChemPaint chemical structure editor.

If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

Switch to GChemPaint application. I have opened a new GChemPaint application.
Let's first add a six membered cycle to the Display area.
Click on Add a six membered cycle tool>>Click on Display area. Click on Add a six membered cycle tool.

Click on the Display area.

Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicy of the existing one tool


Add two bonds on every corner of the cycle.

Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool.

Add two bonds on every corner of the cycle.

Click and drag the bonds to proper position. Position the bonds in such a way that no two bonds touch each other.

To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper position.

Point to the corners. Let's display Carbon atoms at all the corners of the cycle.
Right click on any one of the corner>>A Submenu appears Right click on any one of the corner,

A Submenu appears.

Select Atom >>click on Display symbol. Select Atom and then click on Display symbol.

Likewise add Carbon atoms on all corners of the cycle.

Press capital H on the keyboard. To add Hydrogen atoms to the bonds,

Press H on the keyboard.

Click on Add or modify an atom tool>>Click on all the bond positions. Click on Add or modify an atom tool

Click on all the bond positions.

Point to the Hydrogen atoms. Again, see to it that no two Hydrogens overlap each other.

The obtained structure is Cyclohexane(C6H12).

Let's copy and paste the structure.
Press CTRL+A to select the structure >>CTRL+C to copy>> CTRL+V to paste. Press CTRL+A to select the structure.

CTRL+C to copy and

CTRL+V to paste the structure.

Point to the structure. Let's convert the second Cyclohexane structure to Cyclohexene.
Click on the Eraser tool >>

delete one of the hydrogen bonds of the adjacent carbon atoms.

Click on the Eraser tool.

Delete one hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent carbon atoms.

Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool>>

click the bond between deleted hydrogen bonds.

Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool.

Then click on the bond between deleted hydrogen bonds.

Point to the structure. A double bond is formed.

The obtained structure is Cyclohexene(C6H10)

Let's convert Cyclohexene to Cyclohexadiene and then to Benzene.

Ensure that Current element is Carbon.

Click on the Eraser tool >>

delete one of the hydrogen bonds of the adjacent Carbon atoms.

Click on the Eraser tool.

Delete one hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent Carbon atoms.

Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool.

Then click on the bond between deleted hydrogen bonds.

Point to the bond. A second double bond is formed.

The obtained structure is Cyclohexadiene(C6H8).

Point to the structure. Likewise let's repeat the process to form the third double bond.

The obtained structure is Benzene(C6H6)

Slide Number 5

Assignment

Here is an assignment.

Draw the structures of:

1.Cyclobutane and Convert to Cyclobutadiene

2.Cyclopentane and Convert to Cyclopentadiene.

Your completed assignment should look like this.

Next let's learn about Benzene derivatives.
Slide Number 6

Benzene Derivatives

Functional groups can substitute hydrogens in Benzene to derive various chemical compounds

Functional groups that can substitute Hydrogen of Benzene are F, Cl, Br, I or OH, NO2, CH3 and others.

Let's copy and paste the Benzene structure twice on the Display area.
Click on Select one or more objects tool >>select Benzene structure. Click on Select one or more objects tool to select Benzene structure.
Press CTRL+C to copy >> CTRL+V twice to paste. Press CTRL+C to copy and CTRL+V twice to paste the structures.
Let's Substitute Hydrogen atom of the first Benzene structure with F.
Press F on the keyboard. Press F on the keyboard.
Click on Add or modify an atom tool>>

Click on Hydrogen to Substitute it with F.

Point to the structure.

Click on Add or modify an atom tool.

Click on Hydrogen to Substitute it with F.

The structure obtained is Fluorobenzene.

Next let's Substitute the hydrogen of the second Benzene with a group of atoms.
Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool>>

Click on the Hydrogen atom.

Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool.

Click on any one of the Hydrogen atom.

Point to enclosed Hydrogen. Observe that Hydrogen is enclosed in a green box with a blinking cursor.
Remove Hydrogen and type capital CH and 3. Remove Hydrogen and type capital CH and 3 and click anywhere on the Display area.

The obtained structure is Methyl benzene.

Click on the hydrogen of third Benzene structure. Likewise let's click one of the hydrogens of the third Benzene structure.
Remove Hydrogen and type capital NO 2 Remove Hydrogen and type capital NO 2

The obtained structure is Nitrobenzene.

Let's now see Carbon positions in the Benzene ring.
Slide Number 7

Benzene Ring Positions

Six Carbon atoms are numbered from 1 to 6 in Benzene.

All six positions are equivalent before Hydrogen is substituted.

Slide Number 8

Electron Density

Electron density of ring changes, when Hydrogen is substituted by a functional group.

Electron density is dependent on the Substituent.

Slide Number 9

Carbon Positions

A mono-substituted compound of Benzene can be substituted at positions-

1 and 4- as Para.

2 and 6- as Ortho.

3 and 5- as Meta.

Let's now substitute Methylbenzene structure with another Methyl group.
Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool>>

Click on the Hydrogen atom.

Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool.

Click on the second Hydrogen position of the ring.

Type CH3 in the green box Substitute Hydrogen in the green box with CH3.

The new structure obtained is ortho-Xylene.

Let's substitute Nitrobenzene structure with a Carboxylic(COOH) group.
Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool>>

Click on the Hydrogen atom.

Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool.

Click on the fourth Hydrogen position of the ring.

Substitute the Hydrogen in the green box with COOH Substitute Hydrogen in the green box with COOH

The new structure obtained is para-Nitrobenzoic acid.

Press CTRL+Z Press CTRL+Z to undo the process.
Likewise Substitute third Hydrogen position with NO_2 to get meta-Dinitrobenzene.
Slide Number 9

Assignment

Here is an assignment.

Draw seven Benzene structures.

Substitute one of the Hydrogens of:

1)first Benzene with Br.

2)second Benzene with I.

3)third Benzene with OH.

4)fourth Benzene with NH2.

5)fifth Benzene with C2H5.

Slide Number 10

Assignment

Also Substitute:

1)two of the Hydrogens of the sixth Benzene with Cl atoms.

2)first and fourth Hydrogen positions of the seventh Benzene with COOH group.

Your completed assignment should look like this.

Now let's learn to merge two structures.
Let's open a new window.

Ensure that current element is Carbon.

Click on the Add a four membered cycle tool>>

Click on the Display area twice.

Click on Add a four membered cycle tool.

Click on the Display area twice.

Click on Select one or more objects tool.

Click on the second structure.

Click on Select one or more objects tool.

Click on the second structure.

Drag it and place it close to the first structure>>

Press CTRL+A to select structures.

Drag it and place it close to the first structure,

such that they touch each other.

Press CTRL+A to select the structures.

Point to the tool Merge two molecules tool becomes active.
Click on Merge two molecules tool to merge the molecules. Click on Merge two molecules tool to merge the molecules.

Drag the structure to observe merging.

<pause>

Let's summarize what we have learnt.
Slide Number 11

Summary

In this tutorial we have learnt to

1. Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene

2. Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene

3. Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with F

4. Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with CH_3, NO_2 and COOH groups.

5. Merge two four membered cycles

Slide Number 12

Assignment

Here is an assignment.

Merge

1.Two Benzene molecules

2.Two Pentane structures

3.Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane molecules.

Your completed assignment should look like this.

Slide Number 13

Acknowledgement

Watch the video available at this URL.

http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_ Tutorial

It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

Slide Number 14 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test

For more details, please write to

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

Slide number 15 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

More information on this Mission is available at this link

http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]

This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Madhurig, Nancyvarkey

Retrieved from "https://script.spoken-tutorial.org/index.php?title=GChemPaint/C3/Aromatic-Molecular-Structures/English&oldid=7218"