Difference between revisions of "PhET-Simulations-for-Chemistry/C2/Concentration-and-Molarity/English"
(Created page with "Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial. {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narr...") |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial. | Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
{|border=1 | {|border=1 | ||
Revision as of 18:03, 5 January 2023
Keywords: PhET simulation, concentration, molarity, solutions, moles, volume, solubility, saturation, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.
| Visual Cue | Narration |
| Slide Number 1
Title Slide |
Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on Concentration and Molarity. |
| Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives
|
In this tutorial, we will learn:
|
| Slide Number 3
System Requirements |
This tutorial is recorded using,
|
| Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites
|
To follow this tutorial,
Learners should be familiar with topics in basic chemistry.
|
| Slide Number 5
Link for PhET simulation |
Please use the given links to download the PhET simulations. |
| Slide Number 6
PhET simulations
|
In this tutorial, we will use,
Molarity PhET simulations. |
| Point to the simulation in the Downloads folder.
|
I have already downloaded the simulations to my Downloads folder. |
| Point to the Concentration simulation. | We will begin with the Concentration simulation. |
| Double click on the concentration_en.html file. | To open the simulation, double click on the concentration_en.html file.
The file opens in your default browser. |
| Point to the simulation interface. | This is the interface of the Concentration simulation. |
| Point to the beaker. | This is a graduated beaker that contains water. |
| Point to the faucet on the top left.
Leave it to stop. |
We can add water to the beaker using the top faucet.
Leave it to stop. |
| Click the drop down arrow to show the list of solutes.
Point to the Drink mix. |
The Solute drop down list has nine different solutes.
|
| Point to the radio buttons in Solute box on the top right
|
Below the list, we have Solid and Solution radio buttons.
Solid is chosen by default. |
| Shake the dispenser containing the solute. | Let’s shake the Solid dispenser at the top to add solute in solid form. |
| Select Solution radio button. | We can use Solution dropper to add a concentrated solution. |
| Press the red button on tube containing solute | Press the red button on the dropper to add the solution. |
| Point to the Concentration tool. | The Concentration tool measures the concentration of a solution in moles per litre. |
| Drag the probe inside the beaker into the solution.
Point to the concentration value. (number can vary) |
Drag and place the probe inside the beaker into the solution.
Our solution has 0.575 moles of drink mix in 1 litre of solution. |
| Point to the faucet on the bottom right.
Pull the lever to drain the solution. Leave it to stop. |
We can remove the solution from the beaker using the bottom right faucet.
Pull the lever to drain the solution. Leave it to stop. |
| Point to the Evaporation box.
Drag the slider of evaporation from none to lots . Point to the water level. |
Drag the slider to select the level of evaporation from none to lots.
Some amount of water will be removed from the solution.
|
| Click the Remove Solute button to remove the solute.
|
The Remove Solute button removes all of the solute from the solution.
|
| Click the reset button. | Let us reset our screen.
|
| Select cobalt chloride (CoCl2) from the drop down list in the Solute box. | Let us select cobalt chloride as solute from the drop down list. |
| Shake the dispenser containing the solute. | Shake the dispenser a few times to add solute to the water in the beaker. |
| Point to the beaker. | The solution turns a light red. |
| Drag the probe inside the beaker into the solution.
Point to the value of concentration. (number can vary) |
Drag the probe into the solution to check the concentration.
|
| Remove solution from the beaker using the bottom right faucet.
|
Remove half of the solution from the beaker using the bottom right faucet.
|
| Point to the beaker. | The concentration and color remain the same. |
| Add water to the beaker using the top left faucet. | Let’s add 0.25 litres of water to the beaker to make it 0.5 litres of solution. |
| Point to the beaker.
Point to the concentration value. (number can vary)
|
The concentration decreases to 0.176 moles per litre.
This is because the solute amount is same but solution volume has increased.
|
| Select Solution radio button. | Select the Solution radio button in the Solute box. |
| Press the red button on tube containing solute.
Point to the volume in the beaker. |
Press the red button on the dropper to add solute.
Add 0.3 litres to the solution. There is 0.8 litres of solution in the beaker after this. |
| Point to the beaker.
Point to the concentration value. (number can vary). Point to the beaker. |
The concentration increases to 1.634 moles per litre.
This is because the solute amount has increased. The solution turns a darker red. |
| Point to the Evaporation box.
Drag the slider from none to lots. |
Now remove water from the solution using the slider in the Evaporation box.
Bring the solution back to the half litre mark. |
| Point to the beaker.
Point to the concentration value. (number can vary) |
The concentration increases to 2.661 moles per litre.
|
| Select Solid radio button. | Select the Solid radio button again. |
| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.
|
Keep adding the solute till no more of it dissolves.
The solute particles settle at the bottom of the beaker. |
| Point to the beaker.
Point to the banner. |
A banner indicating that the solution has saturated appears.
A saturated solution means the solution cannot dissolve any more of the solute. This value is noted at a fixed temperature and pressure.
|
| Shake the dispenser containing the solute. | On adding more solute, there will be no change in concentration.
Even the color remains the same. |
| Click the reset button. | Let us reset our screen. |
| Select copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) from the drop down list in the Solute box.
|
Select copper sulfate from the drop down list. |
| Drag the probe inside the beaker into the solution. | Drag the probe inside the beaker into the solution. |
| Shake the dispenser containing the solute.
Point to the solution in the beaker. |
Once again, add solute to the solution till it saturates.
Note that the solution becomes increasingly blue. The saturation point for copper sulfate is at 1.380 moles per litre. |
| Slide Number 7
Assignment |
Pause the tutorial and do the following assignment.
Find the molarity at the saturation point for all remaining solutes and fill this table.
|
| Cursor in the Downloads folder. | Now let us explore the Molarity simulation. |
| Double click on the molarity_en.html file. | To open the simulation, double click on the molarity_en.html file.
|
| Point to the simulation interface.
Point to the mic button. |
This is the interface of the Molarity simulation.
|
| Point to the beaker. | This beaker contains our solution. |
| Point to the Solute Amount slider on the left. | Using the solute amount slider, we can select the amount of solute in moles.
It ranges from none to lots. |
| Point to the Solution Volume slider. | Using the solution volume slider, we can select the solution volume in litres.
It ranges from low to full. |
| Check the Solution Values checkbox at the bottom left. | Select the Solution Values checkbox.
|
| Point to the Solute drop down list in the bottom centre.
Point to Drink mix. |
At the bottom, is the Solute drop down list.
|
| Point to the Solution Concentration bar on the right. | The solution concentration bar on the right displays the molarity.
It ranges from zero to high. Numerically, it ranges from 0 to 5. It is at 1 M by default. We have already seen how solution color changes with concentration. The bar also reflects the same. |
| Click the to the reset button. | Let us reset our screen. |
| Select potassium chromate (K2CrO4) from the Solute drop down list. | Let us select potassium chromate as solute from the drop down list. |
| Check the Solution Values checkbox. | Check the Solution Values checkbox. |
| Drag the Solute Amount slider upwards to increase solute amount. | Drag the Solute Amount slider upwards to add more solute.
|
| Point to the Solution Concentration bar on the right. | The concentration also increases and is now 2 M as 1/0.5 is equal to 2. |
| Point to the beaker. | The color of the solution darkens. |
| Drag the Solution Volume slider upwards to increase solution volume. | Increase the solution volume by dragging the Solution Volume slider upwards.
Increase it to 0.75 litres. |
| Point to the Solution Concentration bar on the right. | Observe that the concentration decreases to 1.33 M as 1/0.75 is 1.33.
|
| Point to the beaker. | The color of the solution lightens.
|
| Drag the Solution Volume slider downwards to decrease solution volume. | Let us now decrease the solution volume to saturate the solution.
|
| Point to the beaker. | Just like before, a banner indicating that the solution has saturated appears.
|
| Point to the Solution Concentration bar on the right. | The concentration increased to 3.350 M as 1/0.298 is equal to 3.35.
|
| Point to the beaker. | The solution color has become darker again. |
| Drag the Solution Volume slider downwards to decrease solution volume. | On decreasing the volume further crystals of potassium chromate are seen.
|
| Slide Number 8
Assignment
|
See the following table.
It contains all the solutes given in the simulation. As an assignment, Use the given values to calculate concentration. Then verify the result using the molarity simulation. |
| Only Narration. | With this, we have come to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise. |
| Slide Number 9
Summary |
In this tutorial, we have learnt,
|
| Slide Number 10
About the Spoken Tutorial project |
The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
| Slide Number 11
Spoken Tutorial workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. For more details, please write to us. |
| Slide Number 12
Forum for specific questions
Please visit this site. Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly. The Spoken tutorial project will ensure an answer. You will have to register to ask questions. |
Please post your timed queries in this forum. |
| Slide Number 13
Acknowledgement |
The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Government of India. |
| Slide Number 14
Thank you |
This is Radhika Yadav, a FOSSEE summer fellow 2022, IIT Bombay signing off.
Thanks for joining. |
