Difference between revisions of "OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Contact/English"
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| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Negated | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Negated | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can find a check-box called ‘'''Negated'''’ just below the | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can find a check-box called ‘'''Negated'''’ just below the '''Name''' box. |
If it is checked then the '''Contact''' is a '''Negated Contact'''. | If it is checked then the '''Contact''' is a '''Negated Contact'''. | ||
| Line 127: | Line 127: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’ | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’ | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn '''ON''' the '''simulation mode'''. |
For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.''' | For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.''' | ||
| Line 157: | Line 157: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn '''OFF''' the '''simulation mode'''. |
For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.''' | For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.''' | ||
| Line 243: | Line 243: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''ON''' the '''power supply'''. |
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn '''ON''' the '''power supply'''. |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' is '''OFF'' |
| + | |||
| + | '''switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' glows simultaneously | ||
| + | |||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the red '''LED''' is '''OFF''' initially. | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the red '''LED''' is '''OFF''' initially. | ||
| Line 259: | Line 262: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' glows |
| + | |||
| + | ''NC1''' is pressed >> turns '''OFF''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' glows alternately | ||
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let me show the live demo of the '''output'''. | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let me show the live demo of the '''output'''. | ||
| Line 273: | Line 280: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' is '''OFF''' |
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the red '''LED''' is | + | |
| + | '''L1''' is pressed >> '''L1 switch LED''' and red '''LED''' turns '''ON''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''L1''' is pressed again >> '''L1 switch LED''' and red '''LED''' turns '''OFF''' | ||
| + | |||
| + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the red '''LED''' is '''OFF'''. | ||
When '''L1''' is pressed, both''' L1 switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' turns '''ON'''. | When '''L1''' is pressed, both''' L1 switch LED''' and the red '''LED''' turns '''ON'''. | ||
| Line 287: | Line 299: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| | + | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''. |
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''. | | style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''. | ||
Latest revision as of 13:52, 1 July 2021
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| Slide 1: | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Normal Contact. |
Slide 2: Learning Objectives
|
In this tutorial, we will learn about the working of Normal Contact |
Slide 3: System Requirements
|
To record this tutorial I am using:
|
Slide 4: Pre-requisites
If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from Home | spoken-tutorial.org |
|
| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup
hardware-prerequisite.jpg |
Connect SMPS and USBasp to the Mainboard as shown in the picture.
Keep these connections throughout this tutorial. |
| Open LDmicro | Now let us open LDmicro. |
| Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’ | Insert a Coil from Instructions. |
| Rename the coil as LED. Click the OK button. | Rename the Coil as LED as shown. |
| Place the cursor to the left of the coil
Click ‘Instruction -> Insert Contact’ |
Place the cursor to the left of the Coil.
Insert a Contact from Instructions. |
| Double-click on the contact | Double-click on the Contact. |
| A dialog box opens. | |
| Highlight Negated | We can find a check-box called ‘Negated’ just below the Name box.
If it is checked then the Contact is a Negated Contact. If it is unchecked then the Contact is a Normal Contact. Normal Contact will pass the signal when its state is logic 1. Thus, we have two types of Contacts. |
| Highlight Source column | These Contacts have three source types which are Internal Relay, Input pin, and Output pin. |
| Highlight unchecked Negated box
Highlight Input pin |
By default, Negated is unchecked with source as ‘Input pin’.
‘Input pin’ represents that Contact reads an input pin of the microcontroller. Don't change them. Keep the default settings as it is. |
| We will learn about other types of Contact and sources in the later tutorials. | |
| Rename it as ‘switch’ >> Click OK button | Rename the Contact as ‘switch’ and click the OK button. |
| Now we will check the working of this logic. | |
| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’ | Let us turn ON the simulation mode.
For that, click Simulate and then on Simulation mode. Next, start real-time simulation as shown. |
| Highlight state of Xswitch and YLED | Observe the state of Xswitch and YLED in the I/O list.
Initially, the state of Xswitch and YLED are 0. |
| Double-click on Xswitch | The input to the Xswitch is logic 1 as it is connected to positive rail.
Change the state of Xswitch to 1 by double-clicking on it. |
| Highlight state of YLED | We can observe that the state of the YLED has changed to 1.
That means input to YLED is logic 1. This in turn indicates that output of Xswitch is logic 1. Thus, when the state of a Normal Contact is 1, it passes the signal through it. |
| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode | Now, turn OFF the simulation mode.
For that, click Simulate and then on Halt Simulation. Then click Simulate and Simulation Mode |
| Now let us compile the logic.
The detailed steps on how to compile and save the logic are explained in the earlier tutorials. | |
| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP
Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16 >>Click OK button |
Click on Settings and select microcontroller AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.
Adjust its parameters as shown here. |
| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button | Assign pin PA0 to the Coil YLED. |
| Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button | Then assign the pin PC0 to Xswitch. |
| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile as >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> rename it as ‘normalcontact.hex’ >> Click on Save.
Click OK button |
Compile it as ‘normalcontact.hex’. |
| Click on File >> Click on Save As >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder>> Rename it as ‘normalcontact.ld’ >> Click on Save | Then save the ladder diagram as ‘normalcontact.ld’. |
| Now we will see the working of this logic on hardware. | |
| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp
laptop-usbasp.jpg |
Connect the Mainboard to your laptop using USBasp.
Turn on the power supply. |
| Go to terminal >> type avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:normalcontact.hex >> Press ENTER | Open the Terminal by pressing CTRL+ALT+T keys simultaneously.
Go to the folder where you have saved the hex file. Type the command as shown and upload this hex file to the Mainboard. |
| Remove the USBasp connection from the laptop. | Turn off the power supply.
Remove the USBasp connection from the laptop. This will prevent any hardware damage. |
| normalcontact-NO.png | Let us see the connection details now. |
| normalcontact-NO.png | Connect GND and 5V of the Switchboard to GND and 5V of the Mainboard respectively.
Then connect NO1 of the Switchboard to PC0 of the Mainboard. |
| normalcontact-NO.png | Connect GND pin of the red LED of Traffic Light module to GND pin of the Mainboard.
Then connect the +5V pin of the red LED to PA0 pin of the Mainboard. Make the connections as shown in the picture. |
| Turn ON the power supply. | After making all the connections properly, turn ON the power supply. |
| Red LED' is OFF
switch LED and the red LED glows simultaneously |
We can observe the red LED is OFF initially.
It is ON whenever the NO1 is pressed. That is the corresponding switch LED and the red LED glows simultaneously. |
| normalcontact-NC.png | Now connect PC0 to NC1 instead of NO1 as shown in the picture. |
| Red LED glows
NC1' is pressed >> turns OFF switch LED and the red LED glows alternately |
Let me show the live demo of the output.
We can observe that the red LED glows even before the switch is pressed. And turns OFF whenever the NC1 is pressed. That is the corresponding switch LED and the red LED glows alternately. |
| normalcontact-L.png | Now connect PC0 to L1 as shown in the picture. |
| Red LED is OFF
L1 is pressed >> L1 switch LED and red LED turns ON L1 is pressed again >> L1 switch LED and red LED turns OFF |
Initially, the red LED is OFF.
When L1 is pressed, both L1 switch LED and the red LED turns ON. The LED will turn OFF when we press L1 one more time as these are latch switches. Thus, the corresponding switch LED and the red LED glows simultaneously. |
| This shows how a Normal Contact behaves with different types of switches. | |
| Turn OFF the power supply. | Turn OFF the power supply. |
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
Let us summarize | |
Slide 5: Summary
|
In this tutorial, we learnt about working of Normal Contact. |
| Slide 6: Evaluation
Suppose that the input to Normal Contact is logic 0 with its state as logic 1. What will be the state/output of the Normal Coil? |
Here is a self assessment question for you:
Suppose that the input to Normal Contact is logic 0 with its state as logic 1. What will be the state of the Normal Coil ? |
| Slide 7: Answer
The state of the Normal Coil will be 0 |
The answer is the state of the Normal Coil will be 0. |
| Slide 8:
About Spoken Tutorial project |
The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
| Slide 9:
Spoken Tutorial workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
For more details, please write to us |
| Slide 10:
Forum for specific questions: |
* Please post your timed queries in this forum. |
| Slide 11:
Forum for specific questions: |
Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?
Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question. |
| Slide 12:
Acknowledgement |
Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India. |
| Slide 13:
Thank you slide |
This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.
And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off. Thanks for watching. |
