Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C3/Common-Errors-in-KTurtle/Gujarati"
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| − | || ''' | + | || Welcome to this tutorial on '''Common Errors''' in '''KTurtle.''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:07 | || 00:07 | ||
| − | || | + | ||In this tutorial, we will learn about |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:10 | || 00:10 | ||
| Line 16: | Line 14: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:12 | || 00:12 | ||
| − | || '''Runtime errors''' | + | || '''Runtime errors''' and |
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 00:14 | + | || 00:14 |
|| '''Logical errors''' | || '''Logical errors''' | ||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:17 | || 00:17 | ||
| − | || | + | ||To record this tutorial I am using, |
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 00:20 | + | ||00:20 |
| − | + | |'''Ubuntu''' '''Linux''' OS version 12.04. | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:25 | || 00:25 | ||
| − | + | |'''KTurtle''' version. 0.8.1 beta. | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:31 | || 00:31 | ||
| − | || | + | ||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of '''KTurtle''' |
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:36 | || 00:36 | ||
| − | | | + | |If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
| + | |||
'''http://spoken-tutorial.org''' | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org''' | ||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:42 | || 00:42 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's first define, What is an error ? |
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:46 | || 00:46 | ||
| − | + | |'''Error''' is a mistake in a program that produces an '''incorrect''' or '''unexpected''' result. | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
||00:55 | ||00:55 | ||
| − | || | + | ||First I will explain about '''"Types of errors".''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:00 | || 01:00 | ||
| − | || '''Syntax error''' | + | || '''Syntax error''' is a '''violation of grammatical rules''', of a '''programming language'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:09 | || 01:09 | ||
| − | | | + | |'''Compilation''' fails when a program has '''syntax errors'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:15 | || 01:15 | ||
| − | + | |'''Syntax errors''' are easy to find and fix. | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:22 | || 01:22 | ||
| − | | | + | |For Example: |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:23 | || 01:23 | ||
| − | || '''Unmatched parentheses''', '''square ''' | + | || '''Unmatched parentheses''', '''square ''' and '''curly braces'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:29 | || 01:29 | ||
| − | || | + | || Use of ''' variable''' that has not been '''declared'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:34 | || 01:34 | ||
| − | || ''' | + | || Missing '''quotes''' in '''strings.''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:38 | || 01:38 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's open a new '''KTurtle''' Application. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:42 | || 01:42 | ||
| − | | | + | |Click on '''Dash home'''. In the Search bar, type '''KTurtle.''' |
|- | |- | ||
|| 01:48 | || 01:48 | ||
| − | | | + | |Click on the '''KTurtle''' icon. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 01:51 | + | ||01:51 |
| − | || | + | ||Let's begin the tutorial with some types of''' syntax errors'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 01:58 | + | ||01:58 |
| − | || | + | ||I already have a program in a text editor. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:02 | || 02:02 | ||
| − | || | + | ||To explain the '''error''' in the program, I will comment part of the code. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:09 | || 02:09 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Here, I will comment the line |
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:11 | || 02:11 | ||
| − | || '''$a=ask within double quotes "enter any number and click Ok"''' | + | ||'''$a=ask within double quotes "enter any number and click Ok"''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 02:19 | + | ||02:19 |
| − | || | + | ||I will use '''hash(#)''' sign to comment the line. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:23 | || 02:23 | ||
| − | || | + | ||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into '''Kturtle's''' Editor. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:31 | || 02:31 | ||
| − | | | + | |Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor |
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:37 | || 02:37 | ||
| − | | | + | |Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:42 | || 02:42 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's click on '''Run''' button to run the program |
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:47 | || 02:47 | ||
| − | + | |'''Complier''' shows the following error, | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:50 | || 02:50 | ||
| − | + | |''' variable "$a" was used without first being assigned to a value.''' | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 02:57 | || 02:57 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Here the error is in line number 4. |
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 03:02 | + | ||03:02 |
| − | || | + | ||This is a '''syntax error'''. It occured, as the variable 'a' was not declared. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:10 | || 03:10 | ||
| − | || | + | ||So I will go to line number 2, remove the comment. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 03:14 | + | || 03:14 |
| − | || | + | || I will copy the program from text Editor and paste it into''' KTurtle's editor'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:23 | || 03:23 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's click on '''Run''' button to run the program |
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:27 | || 03:27 | ||
| − | | | + | |Enter '''6''' for '''a''' value and click OK |
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:31 | || 03:31 | ||
| − | | | + | |Program runs without errors. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:35 | || 03:35 | ||
| − | || | + | ||I will clear the current program from '''KTurtle''' editor. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:38 | || 03:38 | ||
| − | | | + | |Type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 03:43 | + | ||03:43 |
| − | || | + | || let's next look at another error. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 03:46 | + | ||03:46 |
| − | || | + | ||I already have a program in a text editor. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:50 | || 03:50 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Here the value of "'''pi'''" is '''predefined''' in KTurtle. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 03:54 | || 03:54 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's delete the "'''$'''" sign in the program. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 03:58 | + | || 03:58 |
| − | || | + | ||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into ''' Kturtle's Editor''' |
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:05 | || 04:05 | ||
| − | | | + | |Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle editor''' |
| + | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:11 | || 04:11 | ||
| − | | | + | |Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:16 | || 04:16 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's Click on '''Run''' button to run the program. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:19 | || 04:19 | ||
| − | + | |'''Complier''' shows the following error, | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:22 | || 04:22 | ||
| − | + | |'''you cannot put “=” here''' | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:26 | || 04:26 | ||
| − | || | + | ||This error is in line number 2. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:30 | || 04:30 | ||
| − | || | + | ||This is a '''syntax error''' it occured, as there is no '''container of variable.''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:37 | || 04:37 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's go back to the program replace the $ sign. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 04:41 | + | || 04:41 |
| − | || | + | ||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle's''' Editor |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 04:49 | + | ||04:49 |
| − | || | + | ||let's click on '''Run''' button to run the program. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:53 | || 04:53 | ||
| − | | | + | |Enter '''45''' for angle value and click '''OK''' |
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:57 | || 04:57 | ||
| − | | | + | |Program runs without errors. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:00 | || 05:00 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's remove one of the quotes of the string. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 05:05 | + | ||05:05 |
| − | || | + | || I will Copy the program from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle's ''' Editor |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:12 | || 05:12 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Click on '''Run''' button to run the program |
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:15 | || 05:15 | ||
| − | + | |'''Complier''' shows the following error, | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:18 | || 05:18 | ||
| − | + | |'''Text string was not properly closed, expected a double quote “ ” to close the string.''' | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:25 | || 05:25 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Here the error is in line number 2. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 05:29 | + | ||05:29 |
| − | || | + | || I will go back to line number 2 and replace the quotes. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 05:34 | + | || 05:34 |
| − | || | + | ||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into''' Kturtle's''' Editor |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:41 | || 05:41 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Click on '''Run''' button to run the program |
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:44 | || 05:44 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Enter '''45''' for angle value and click OK. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:49 | || 05:49 | ||
| − | | | + | |Program runs without errors. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 05:52 | || 05:52 | ||
| − | | | + | |This way you can find the line at which error has occured, and also correct it. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 05:59 | + | ||05:59 |
| − | || | + | ||Let's now learn about runtime errors. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:04 | || 06:04 | ||
| − | || '''Run-time error''' | + | ||'''Run-time error''' occurs during the '''execution''' of a program. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:10 | || 06:10 | ||
| − | | | + | |It may '''crash''' the program when you run it. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:15 | || 06:15 | ||
| − | + | |'''Runtime errors''' are commonly due to wrong input from the user. | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:23 | || 06:23 | ||
| − | + | |'''Compiler''' cannnot find these '''errors'''. | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:27 | || 06:27 | ||
| − | | | + | |For example: |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:29 | || 06:29 | ||
| − | | | + | |Trying to divide by a '''variable''' that contains no value. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:3 | || 06:3 | ||
| − | | | + | | Run a loop without a '''terminating condition''' or '''increment value'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 06:43 | + | ||06:43 |
| − | || | + | ||I will clear the current program from the editor. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:47 | || 06:47 | ||
| − | | | + | |Type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:52 | || 06:52 | ||
| − | || | + | ||I already have a program in a text editor. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 06:56 | || 06:56 | ||
| − | | | + | |This program '''divides''' two numbers. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:00 | || 07:00 | ||
| − | + | |'a' is''' dividend''' and 'r' is '''divisor'''. | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 07:04 | + | ||07:04 |
| − | || | + | ||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle's''' Editor. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:11 | || 07:11 | ||
| − | | | + | |Pause the tutorial and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:16 | || 07:16 | ||
| − | | | + | |Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:20 | || 07:20 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let us click on '''Run''' button to run the program. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:24 | || 07:24 | ||
| − | | | + | |let's enter '''5''' for 'a' and click OK |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:29 | || 07:29 | ||
| − | | | + | |enter '''0''' for 'r' and click OK |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:33 | || 07:33 | ||
| − | | | + | |Here we get a ''' runtime error''' , |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:36 | || 07:36 | ||
| − | + | |“'''you tried to divide by zero'''” | |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:39 | || 07:39 | ||
| − | || | + | ||This error is in line number 4. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:43 | || 07:43 | ||
| − | || | + | ||This error occurs as we cannot '''divide''' a number with''' zero'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:49 | || 07:49 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let us run again. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:51 | || 07:51 | ||
| − | | | + | |Enter '''5''' for '''a''' and click OK |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:54 | || 07:54 | ||
| − | | | + | |enter '''2''' for 'r' and click OK |
|- | |- | ||
|| 07:58 | || 07:58 | ||
| − | | | + | |Program without errors. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:01 | || 08:01 | ||
| − | || | + | ||I will clear the current program from '''KTurtle''' editor. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:05 | || 08:05 | ||
| − | | | + | |Type '''clear''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 08:10 | + | ||08:10 |
| − | || | + | ||Next we will learn about ''' logical errors'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:14 | || 08:14 | ||
| − | || '''Logical error''' | + | ||'''Logical error''' is a mistake in a program's '''source code''' that results in '''incorrect''' or '''unexpected''' behavior. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:26 | || 08:26 | ||
| − | | | + | |For example, |
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:28 | || 08:28 | ||
| − | | | + | |'''Assigning''' a value to the wrong variable. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:32 | || 08:32 | ||
| − | | | + | |'''Multiplying''' two numbers instead of '''adding'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 08:36 | + | ||08:36 |
| − | || | + | ||I already have a program in a text editor. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 08:39 | + | || 08:39 |
| − | || | + | ||I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into '''Kturtle's''' Editor |
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:47 | || 08:47 | ||
| − | | | + | |Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor |
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:52 | || 08:52 | ||
| − | | | + | |Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 08:57 | || 08:57 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Now click on the '''Run''' button to run the program. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:01 | || 09:01 | ||
| − | || | + | ||A dialog box pops-up, let's click OK. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:05 | || 09:05 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Loop goes into an '''infinite loop'''. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:08 | || 09:08 | ||
| − | || | + | ||We see that '''“while”''' loop prints numbers from 31 and is still printing. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:15 | || 09:15 | ||
| − | || | + | ||This is a '''logical error'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:18 | || 09:18 | ||
| − | || “while” | + | ||In the “while” condition x is greater than 20, |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:23 | || 09:23 | ||
| − | || | + | ||but the '''variable''' x is always greater than 20 |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:28 | || 09:28 | ||
| − | || | + | ||So, the loop never '''terminates.''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:31 | || 09:31 | ||
| − | || | + | ||I will click on '''Abort''' button to abort the process. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:36 | || 09:36 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's change $x=$x+1 to $x=$x-1. |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| + | ||09:44 | ||
| + | || I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle's''' editor. | ||
| + | |- | ||
|| 09:51 | || 09:51 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let's click on '''Run''' button to run the program. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:55 | || 09:55 | ||
| − | || | + | ||A dialog box pop-up. Let us click OK. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 09:59 | || 09:59 | ||
| − | || ''' | + | ||Loop '''terminates''' after printing the values from''' 29 to 20.''' |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 10:05 | + | ||10:05 |
| − | || | + | ||With this we come to the end of this tutorial. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:10 | || 10:10 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Let us summarise. |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:12 | || 10:12 | ||
| − | || | + | ||In this tutorial we have learnt, errors and types of errors such as |
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:18 | || 10:18 | ||
| − | | | + | | Use of '''variable''' that has not been declared. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:23 | || 10:23 | ||
| − | | | + | |Missing '''quotes''' in strings. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:27 | || 10:27 | ||
| − | + | |''' Runtime errors''' and | |
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:30 | || 10:30 | ||
|| '''Logical errors''' | || '''Logical errors''' | ||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:3 | || 10:3 | ||
| − | || | + | ||As an assignment I would like you to find errors in the given programs |
|- | |- | ||
||10:46 | ||10:46 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Watch the video available at this URl: http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:50 | || 10:50 | ||
| − | | | + | |It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 10:54 | || 10:54 | ||
| − | | | + | |If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
||10:59 | ||10:59 | ||
| − | || | + | ||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team : |
|- | |- | ||
|| 11:01 | || 11:01 | ||
| − | | | + | |Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 11:05 | || 11:05 | ||
| − | | | + | |Gives certificates to those who pass an online test |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 11:09 | || 11:09 | ||
| − | | | + | |For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| 11: 17 | || 11: 17 | ||
| − | || | + | ||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project |
|- | |- | ||
|| 11:23 | || 11:23 | ||
| − | | | + | |It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India |
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 11:31 | + | ||11:31 |
| − | || | + | ||More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 11:37 | + | ||11:37 |
| − | || | + | ||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay.Signing off |
| − | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | || 11:41 | + | ||11:41 |
| − | || | + | ||Thank you for joining |
| − | + | |- | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | || | ||
| + | |This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. | ||
| + | Thank you for joining | ||
|- | |- | ||
Revision as of 13:30, 2 July 2013
| Visual Cue | Narration |
|---|---|
| 00:01 | Welcome to this tutorial on Common Errors in KTurtle. |
| 00:07 | In this tutorial, we will learn about |
| 00:10 | Syntax errors |
| 00:12 | Runtime errors and |
| 00:14 | Logical errors |
| 00:17 | To record this tutorial I am using, |
| 00:20 | Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04. |
| 00:25 | KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta. |
| 00:31 | We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle |
| 00:36 | If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
| 00:42 | Let's first define, What is an error ? |
| 00:46 | Error is a mistake in a program that produces an incorrect or unexpected result. |
| 00:55 | First I will explain about "Types of errors". |
| 01:00 | Syntax error is a violation of grammatical rules, of a programming language. |
| 01:09 | Compilation fails when a program has syntax errors. |
| 01:15 | Syntax errors are easy to find and fix. |
| 01:22 | For Example: |
| 01:23 | Unmatched parentheses, square and curly braces. |
| 01:29 | Use of variable that has not been declared. |
| 01:34 | Missing quotes in strings. |
| 01:38 | Let's open a new KTurtle Application. |
| 01:42 | Click on Dash home. In the Search bar, type KTurtle. |
| 01:48 | Click on the KTurtle icon. |
| 01:51 | Let's begin the tutorial with some types of syntax errors. |
| 01:58 | I already have a program in a text editor. |
| 02:02 | To explain the error in the program, I will comment part of the code. |
| 02:09 | Here, I will comment the line |
| 02:11 | $a=ask within double quotes "enter any number and click Ok" |
| 02:19 | I will use hash(#) sign to comment the line. |
| 02:23 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor. |
| 02:31 | Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor |
| 02:37 | Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| 02:42 | Let's click on Run button to run the program |
| 02:47 | Complier shows the following error, |
| 02:50 | variable "$a" was used without first being assigned to a value. |
| 02:57 | Here the error is in line number 4. |
| 03:02 | This is a syntax error. It occured, as the variable 'a' was not declared. |
| 03:10 | So I will go to line number 2, remove the comment. |
| 03:14 | I will copy the program from text Editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor. |
| 03:23 | Let's click on Run button to run the program |
| 03:27 | Enter 6 for a value and click OK |
| 03:31 | Program runs without errors. |
| 03:35 | I will clear the current program from KTurtle editor. |
| 03:38 | Type clear command and Run to clean the canvas. |
| 03:43 | let's next look at another error. |
| 03:46 | I already have a program in a text editor. |
| 03:50 | Here the value of "pi" is predefined in KTurtle. |
| 03:54 | Let's delete the "$" sign in the program. |
| 03:58 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor |
| 04:05 | Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor
|
| 04:11 | Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| 04:16 | Let's Click on Run button to run the program. |
| 04:19 | Complier shows the following error, |
| 04:22 | you cannot put “=” here |
| 04:26 | This error is in line number 2. |
| 04:30 | This is a syntax error it occured, as there is no container of variable. |
| 04:37 | Let's go back to the program replace the $ sign. |
| 04:41 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's Editor |
| 04:49 | let's click on Run button to run the program. |
| 04:53 | Enter 45 for angle value and click OK |
| 04:57 | Program runs without errors. |
| 05:00 | Let's remove one of the quotes of the string. |
| 05:05 | I will Copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's Editor |
| 05:12 | Click on Run button to run the program |
| 05:15 | Complier shows the following error, |
| 05:18 | Text string was not properly closed, expected a double quote “ ” to close the string. |
| 05:25 | Here the error is in line number 2. |
| 05:29 | I will go back to line number 2 and replace the quotes. |
| 05:34 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor |
| 05:41 | Click on Run button to run the program |
| 05:44 | Enter 45 for angle value and click OK. |
| 05:49 | Program runs without errors. |
| 05:52 | This way you can find the line at which error has occured, and also correct it. |
| 05:59 | Let's now learn about runtime errors. |
| 06:04 | Run-time error occurs during the execution of a program. |
| 06:10 | It may crash the program when you run it. |
| 06:15 | Runtime errors are commonly due to wrong input from the user. |
| 06:23 | Compiler cannnot find these errors. |
| 06:27 | For example: |
| 06:29 | Trying to divide by a variable that contains no value. |
| 06:3 | Run a loop without a terminating condition or increment value. |
| 06:43 | I will clear the current program from the editor. |
| 06:47 | Type clear command and Run to clean the canvas. |
| 06:52 | I already have a program in a text editor. |
| 06:56 | This program divides two numbers. |
| 07:00 | 'a' is dividend and 'r' is divisor. |
| 07:04 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's Editor. |
| 07:11 | Pause the tutorial and type the program into your KTurtle editor |
| 07:16 | Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| 07:20 | Let us click on Run button to run the program. |
| 07:24 | let's enter 5 for 'a' and click OK |
| 07:29 | enter 0 for 'r' and click OK |
| 07:33 | Here we get a runtime error , |
| 07:36 | “you tried to divide by zero” |
| 07:39 | This error is in line number 4. |
| 07:43 | This error occurs as we cannot divide a number with zero. |
| 07:49 | Let us run again. |
| 07:51 | Enter 5 for a and click OK |
| 07:54 | enter 2 for 'r' and click OK |
| 07:58 | Program without errors. |
| 08:01 | I will clear the current program from KTurtle editor. |
| 08:05 | Type clear command and Run to clean the canvas. |
| 08:10 | Next we will learn about logical errors. |
| 08:14 | Logical error is a mistake in a program's source code that results in incorrect or unexpected behavior. |
| 08:26 | For example, |
| 08:28 | Assigning a value to the wrong variable. |
| 08:32 | Multiplying two numbers instead of adding. |
| 08:36 | I already have a program in a text editor. |
| 08:39 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into Kturtle's Editor |
| 08:47 | Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor |
| 08:52 | Resume the tutorial after typing the program. |
| 08:57 | Now click on the Run button to run the program. |
| 09:01 | A dialog box pops-up, let's click OK. |
| 09:05 | Loop goes into an infinite loop. |
| 09:08 | We see that “while” loop prints numbers from 31 and is still printing. |
| 09:15 | This is a logical error. |
| 09:18 | In the “while” condition x is greater than 20, |
| 09:23 | but the variable x is always greater than 20 |
| 09:28 | So, the loop never terminates. |
| 09:31 | I will click on Abort button to abort the process. |
| 09:36 | Let's change $x=$x+1 to $x=$x-1. |
| 09:44 | I will copy the program from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor. |
| 09:51 | Let's click on Run button to run the program. |
| 09:55 | A dialog box pop-up. Let us click OK. |
| 09:59 | Loop terminates after printing the values from 29 to 20. |
| 10:05 | With this we come to the end of this tutorial. |
| 10:10 | Let us summarise. |
| 10:12 | In this tutorial we have learnt, errors and types of errors such as |
| 10:18 | Use of variable that has not been declared. |
| 10:23 | Missing quotes in strings. |
| 10:27 | Runtime errors and |
| 10:30 | Logical errors |
| 10:3 | As an assignment I would like you to find errors in the given programs |
| 10:46 | Watch the video available at this URl: http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial |
| 10:50 | It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project |
| 10:54 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
| 10:59 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team : |
| 11:01 | Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials |
| 11:05 | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test |
| 11:09 | For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
| 11: 17 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project |
| 11:23 | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India |
| 11:31 | More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ] |
| 11:37 | This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay.Signing off |
| 11:41 | Thank you for joining |
| This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off.
Thank you for joining |