Difference between revisions of "OpenFOAM/C2/Supersonic-flow-over-a-wedge/English-timed"
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− | | In this tutorial, I will show you: * How to solve a '''compressible flow''' problem of '''supersonic flow over a wedge ''' | + | | In this tutorial, I will show you: * How to solve a '''compressible flow''' problem of '''supersonic flow over a wedge ''' How to postprocess the results in '''paraView'''. |
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 00:18 | | 00:18 | ||
− | | To record this tutorial, I am using: | + | | To record this tutorial, I am using:'''Linux Operating system Ubuntu''' version 10.04'''OpenFOAM''' version 2.1.0'''ParaView''' version 3.12.0 |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 00:30 | | 00:30 | ||
+ | | The tutorials were recorded using the versions specified in previous slide. Subsequently the tutorials were edited to latest versions. To install latest system requirements go to Installation Sheet | ||
+ | |||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 00:35 | ||
| To practice this tutorial, a learner should have some basic knowledge of '''Compressible flows''' and'''Gas Dynamics'''. | | To practice this tutorial, a learner should have some basic knowledge of '''Compressible flows''' and'''Gas Dynamics'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 00: | + | | 00:43 |
| Let us now solve '''supersonic flow''' over a '''wedge''' using '''OpenFOAM''' and see the '''shock structure''' formed using '''paraview'''. | | Let us now solve '''supersonic flow''' over a '''wedge''' using '''OpenFOAM''' and see the '''shock structure''' formed using '''paraview'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 00: | + | | 00:52 |
| The problem consists of a wedge with a '''semi-angle''' of 15 degrees kept in a uniform '''supersonic flow'''. | | The problem consists of a wedge with a '''semi-angle''' of 15 degrees kept in a uniform '''supersonic flow'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 01:00 |
|The Inlet velocity is 5 meters per second. | |The Inlet velocity is 5 meters per second. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 01: | + | | 01:05 |
| The '''boundary condition'''s are set as shown in the figure. | | The '''boundary condition'''s are set as shown in the figure. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 01: | + | | 01:10 |
| The type of '''solver''' I am using here is '''rhoCentralFoam'''. | | The type of '''solver''' I am using here is '''rhoCentralFoam'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 01: | + | | 01:15 |
| It is a '''Density'''-based '''compressible flow solver'''. It is based on '''central- upwind''' '''schemes of Kurganov and Tadmor'''. | | It is a '''Density'''-based '''compressible flow solver'''. It is based on '''central- upwind''' '''schemes of Kurganov and Tadmor'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 01: | + | | 01:26 |
| Open a '''command terminal '''. To do this, press '''ctrl +alt+ t''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard. | | Open a '''command terminal '''. To do this, press '''ctrl +alt+ t''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 01: | + | | 01:33 |
| In the command terminal, type the path for '''supersonic flow''' over a '''wedge'''. | | In the command terminal, type the path for '''supersonic flow''' over a '''wedge'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |01: | + | |01:40 |
|In the terminal, type "run" and press '''Enter'''. | |In the terminal, type "run" and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 01: | + | | 01:45 |
− | | | + | | '''cd space tutorials''' and press '''Enter'''.'''cd space compressible ''' and press '''Enter'''.'''cd space rhoCentralFoam''' and press '''Enter'''. |
− | '''cd space compressible ''' and press '''Enter'''. | + | |
− | '''cd space rhoCentralFoam''' and press '''Enter'''. | + | |
|- | |- | ||
− | |02: | + | |02:07 |
| '''cd space wedge15Ma5''' | | '''cd space wedge15Ma5''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:18 |
| This is the name of the folder of '''supersonic flow''' over the wedge in '''rhoCentralFoam''' and press '''Enter'''. | | This is the name of the folder of '''supersonic flow''' over the wedge in '''rhoCentralFoam''' and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:26 |
| Now, type "ls" and press '''Enter'''. | | Now, type "ls" and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:29 |
| You will see three folders: '''0, constant''' and '''system'''. | | You will see three folders: '''0, constant''' and '''system'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:34 |
| Now, open the '''blockMeshDict file'''. To do this, | | Now, open the '''blockMeshDict file'''. To do this, | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |02: | + | |02:39 |
|type '''cd space constant''' and press '''Enter'''. | |type '''cd space constant''' and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:46 |
| '''cd space polyMesh''' note that 'M' here is capital and press '''Enter'''. | | '''cd space polyMesh''' note that 'M' here is capital and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:54 |
| Now type "ls" and press '''Enter'''. You can see the '''blockMeshDict file'''. | | Now type "ls" and press '''Enter'''. You can see the '''blockMeshDict file'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 02: | + | | 02:59 |
| To view the '''blockMeshDict''' file, type '''gedit space blockMeshDict'''. Note that 'M' and 'D' here are capital, press '''Enter'''. | | To view the '''blockMeshDict''' file, type '''gedit space blockMeshDict'''. Note that 'M' and 'D' here are capital, press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:13 |
| Let me drag this to the '''capture area''', scroll down. | | Let me drag this to the '''capture area''', scroll down. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:19 |
| In this, you need to calculate the co-ordinates for the wedge. | | In this, you need to calculate the co-ordinates for the wedge. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:25 |
| This has been already calculated and set up in the problem. | | This has been already calculated and set up in the problem. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:28 |
| The rest of the data remains the same. | | The rest of the data remains the same. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |03: | + | |03:34 |
| In '''boundary patches''', boundaries are set as shown in the figure. | | In '''boundary patches''', boundaries are set as shown in the figure. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:38 |
| Close '''blockMeshDict''' file. | | Close '''blockMeshDict''' file. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:41 |
| In the command terminal, type '''cd space ..(dot dot)''' twice to return back to '''wedge''' folder. | | In the command terminal, type '''cd space ..(dot dot)''' twice to return back to '''wedge''' folder. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:50 |
| Now open the 0 (zero) folder. | | Now open the 0 (zero) folder. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 03: | + | | 03:56 |
| To do this, type '''cd space 0''' and press '''Enter'''. | | To do this, type '''cd space 0''' and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 04:03 |
| Type "ls" and press '''Enter'''. | | Type "ls" and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 04: | + | | 04:07 |
| This contains the initial boundary condition for pressure, velocity and Temperature. | | This contains the initial boundary condition for pressure, velocity and Temperature. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 04: | + | | 04:15 |
| Type '''cd space .. (dot dot)''' and press '''Enter'''. Now we need to '''mesh''' the geometry. | | Type '''cd space .. (dot dot)''' and press '''Enter'''. Now we need to '''mesh''' the geometry. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 04: | + | | 04:24 |
| To do this, in the '''command terminal''', type "blockMesh" and press '''Enter'''. '''Meshing''' has been done. | | To do this, in the '''command terminal''', type "blockMesh" and press '''Enter'''. '''Meshing''' has been done. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 04: | + | | 04:37 |
| Now, to view the geometry- in the command terminal, type "paraFoam" and press '''Enter'''. This will open the '''paraview''' window. | | Now, to view the geometry- in the command terminal, type "paraFoam" and press '''Enter'''. This will open the '''paraview''' window. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 04: | + | | 04:50 |
| On the left hand side of '''object inspector''' menu, click '''APPLY'''. | | On the left hand side of '''object inspector''' menu, click '''APPLY'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 04: | + | | 04:58 |
| In this, you can see the geometry in which the rectangular section '''upstream''' changes to a '''wedge downstream'''. Close the '''paraview''' window. | | In this, you can see the geometry in which the rectangular section '''upstream''' changes to a '''wedge downstream'''. Close the '''paraview''' window. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:10 |
| Now, '''run''' the '''solver''' '''rhoCentralFoam'''. | | Now, '''run''' the '''solver''' '''rhoCentralFoam'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:16 |
| To do this, in the command terminal, type "rhoCentralFoam" and press '''Enter'''. | | To do this, in the command terminal, type "rhoCentralFoam" and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:25 |
| The '''iterations''' running can be seen in the terminal window. | | The '''iterations''' running can be seen in the terminal window. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:29 |
| '''Iterations''' running will stop after it converges or at the end of the time steps. Now, the solving has been done. | | '''Iterations''' running will stop after it converges or at the end of the time steps. Now, the solving has been done. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:39 |
| To visualize these results, let us open the '''paraview''' window once again. | | To visualize these results, let us open the '''paraview''' window once again. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:45 |
| In the '''command terminal''', type “paraFoam” and press Enter. | | In the '''command terminal''', type “paraFoam” and press Enter. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 05: | + | | 05:54 |
| Again on the left hand side of '''object inspector''' menu, click '''APPLY'''. | | Again on the left hand side of '''object inspector''' menu, click '''APPLY'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 06:01 |
| On the left hand side top, in '''active variable control''' menu, you will see a drop-down menu showing '''solid color'''. Now, click on it and change from '''solid color''' to capital 'U'. | | On the left hand side top, in '''active variable control''' menu, you will see a drop-down menu showing '''solid color'''. Now, click on it and change from '''solid color''' to capital 'U'. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 06: | + | | 06:19 |
| Now, make the '''color legend ON''' by clicking on the left hand side top of '''active variable control''' menu and make the '''color legend 'ON''''. Click on it. | | Now, make the '''color legend ON''' by clicking on the left hand side top of '''active variable control''' menu and make the '''color legend 'ON''''. Click on it. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 06: | + | | 06:33 |
| On top of the '''Paraview''' window, you can see the '''VCR control'''. Click on '''PLAY'''. | | On top of the '''Paraview''' window, you can see the '''VCR control'''. Click on '''PLAY'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 06: | + | | 06:42 |
| You can see the final results of '''U velocity'''. | | You can see the final results of '''U velocity'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 06: | + | | 06:47 |
| Now, scroll down the properties in '''object inspector menu''' on the left hand side. Now click on '''Display''' besides '''Properties'''. | | Now, scroll down the properties in '''object inspector menu''' on the left hand side. Now click on '''Display''' besides '''Properties'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 07:01 |
| Scroll down and click on '''Rescale to Size'''. You can see the final value of '''Velocity, magnitude'''. | | Scroll down and click on '''Rescale to Size'''. You can see the final value of '''Velocity, magnitude'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 07: | + | | 07:10 |
| Similarly, you can select '''pressure'''. You can see the final result of '''pressure'''. Now, close the '''paraView''' window. | | Similarly, you can select '''pressure'''. You can see the final result of '''pressure'''. Now, close the '''paraView''' window. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 07: | + | | 07:21 |
| You can also calculate the '''Mach''' number for the flow. To do this, we can use the '''Openfoam '''utility by typing "Mach" in the command terminal. | | You can also calculate the '''Mach''' number for the flow. To do this, we can use the '''Openfoam '''utility by typing "Mach" in the command terminal. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 07: | + | | 07:31 |
| Type '''Mach'''. | | Type '''Mach'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |07: | + | |07:34 |
| Note that 'M' here is capital and press '''Enter'''. You can see that '''Mach number''' is calculated for each time step. | | Note that 'M' here is capital and press '''Enter'''. You can see that '''Mach number''' is calculated for each time step. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 07: | + | | 07:41 |
| Now, again open the '''paraview ''' window by typing in the command terminal "paraFoam" and press '''Enter'''. | | Now, again open the '''paraview ''' window by typing in the command terminal "paraFoam" and press '''Enter'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 07: | + | | 07:53 |
| Click '''APPLY''', scroll down. In '''volume fields''', check the 'Ma' box and again click '''APPLY'''. | | Click '''APPLY''', scroll down. In '''volume fields''', check the 'Ma' box and again click '''APPLY'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 08: | + | | 08:09 |
| On top of the''' active variable control''' menu, click on '''Solid Color''' and change it to 'Ma'. | | On top of the''' active variable control''' menu, click on '''Solid Color''' and change it to 'Ma'. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 08: | + | | 08:16 |
| In the '''VCR control''' menu, again click on '''PLAY''' and make the '''color legend 'ON''''. | | In the '''VCR control''' menu, again click on '''PLAY''' and make the '''color legend 'ON''''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 08: | + | | 08:26 |
| You can see the '''Mach number''' in the''' color legend''' and the corresponding colours. | | You can see the '''Mach number''' in the''' color legend''' and the corresponding colours. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 08: | + | | 08:34 |
| We notice here that when the '''wedge''' is kept in '''supersonic flow''', it produces a '''shock''' across which the flow properties like temprature, pressure | | We notice here that when the '''wedge''' is kept in '''supersonic flow''', it produces a '''shock''' across which the flow properties like temprature, pressure | ||
and density drastically change. | and density drastically change. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |08: | + | |08:48 |
| Now, let me switch back to the '''slides'''. The solved tutorial can be '''validated''' with exact solution available in basic books of '''Aerodynamics''' by John D Anderson. | | Now, let me switch back to the '''slides'''. The solved tutorial can be '''validated''' with exact solution available in basic books of '''Aerodynamics''' by John D Anderson. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 09:00 |
| In this tutorial, we learnt: * '''Solving a compressible flow problem''' | | In this tutorial, we learnt: * '''Solving a compressible flow problem''' | ||
− | + | ||
− | '''OpenFOAM utility''' for calculating the '''Mach number'''. | + | '''Velocity''' and '''pressure contour''' for the wedge and '''OpenFOAM utility''' for calculating the '''Mach number'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 09: | + | | 09:11 |
| As an Assignment, vary the wedge angle between 10 ° to 15 ° to view the''' shock characteristic''' for the flow. | | As an Assignment, vary the wedge angle between 10 ° to 15 ° to view the''' shock characteristic''' for the flow. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 09: | + | | 09:19 |
− | | This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Watch the video available at this URL: | + | | This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Watch the video available at this URL: http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial |
− | http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial | + | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 09: | + | | 09:26 |
| It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. | | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 09: | + | | 09:33 |
− | | The Spoken Tutorial Project team: | + | | The Spoken Tutorial Project team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials |
− | + | ||
− | + | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test. For more details, please write to us at '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org''' | |
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 10:07 |
| '''Spoken Tutorials''' project is part of '''Talk to a Teacher''' project. It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. | | '''Spoken Tutorials''' project is part of '''Talk to a Teacher''' project. It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. | ||
− | More information on the same is available at the following URL link: | + | |
− | http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro | + | More information on the same is available at the following URL link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 10:20 |
| This script has been contributed by Arvind M and this is Rahul Joshi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thanks for joining. | | This script has been contributed by Arvind M and this is Rahul Joshi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thanks for joining. | ||
|} | |} |
Latest revision as of 12:29, 11 April 2019
Time | Narration |
00:01 | Hello and welcome to the spoken tutorial on Supersonic flow over a wedge using OpenFOAM. |
00:07 | In this tutorial, I will show you: * How to solve a compressible flow problem of supersonic flow over a wedge How to postprocess the results in paraView. |
00:18 | To record this tutorial, I am using:Linux Operating system Ubuntu version 10.04OpenFOAM version 2.1.0ParaView version 3.12.0 |
00:30 | The tutorials were recorded using the versions specified in previous slide. Subsequently the tutorials were edited to latest versions. To install latest system requirements go to Installation Sheet |
00:35 | To practice this tutorial, a learner should have some basic knowledge of Compressible flows andGas Dynamics. |
00:43 | Let us now solve supersonic flow over a wedge using OpenFOAM and see the shock structure formed using paraview. |
00:52 | The problem consists of a wedge with a semi-angle of 15 degrees kept in a uniform supersonic flow. |
01:00 | The Inlet velocity is 5 meters per second. |
01:05 | The boundary conditions are set as shown in the figure. |
01:10 | The type of solver I am using here is rhoCentralFoam. |
01:15 | It is a Density-based compressible flow solver. It is based on central- upwind schemes of Kurganov and Tadmor. |
01:26 | Open a command terminal . To do this, press ctrl +alt+ t keys simultaneously on your keyboard. |
01:33 | In the command terminal, type the path for supersonic flow over a wedge. |
01:40 | In the terminal, type "run" and press Enter. |
01:45 | cd space tutorials and press Enter.cd space compressible and press Enter.cd space rhoCentralFoam and press Enter. |
02:07 | cd space wedge15Ma5 |
02:18 | This is the name of the folder of supersonic flow over the wedge in rhoCentralFoam and press Enter. |
02:26 | Now, type "ls" and press Enter. |
02:29 | You will see three folders: 0, constant and system. |
02:34 | Now, open the blockMeshDict file. To do this, |
02:39 | type cd space constant and press Enter. |
02:46 | cd space polyMesh note that 'M' here is capital and press Enter. |
02:54 | Now type "ls" and press Enter. You can see the blockMeshDict file. |
02:59 | To view the blockMeshDict file, type gedit space blockMeshDict. Note that 'M' and 'D' here are capital, press Enter. |
03:13 | Let me drag this to the capture area, scroll down. |
03:19 | In this, you need to calculate the co-ordinates for the wedge. |
03:25 | This has been already calculated and set up in the problem. |
03:28 | The rest of the data remains the same. |
03:34 | In boundary patches, boundaries are set as shown in the figure. |
03:38 | Close blockMeshDict file. |
03:41 | In the command terminal, type cd space ..(dot dot) twice to return back to wedge folder. |
03:50 | Now open the 0 (zero) folder. |
03:56 | To do this, type cd space 0 and press Enter. |
04:03 | Type "ls" and press Enter. |
04:07 | This contains the initial boundary condition for pressure, velocity and Temperature. |
04:15 | Type cd space .. (dot dot) and press Enter. Now we need to mesh the geometry. |
04:24 | To do this, in the command terminal, type "blockMesh" and press Enter. Meshing has been done. |
04:37 | Now, to view the geometry- in the command terminal, type "paraFoam" and press Enter. This will open the paraview window. |
04:50 | On the left hand side of object inspector menu, click APPLY. |
04:58 | In this, you can see the geometry in which the rectangular section upstream changes to a wedge downstream. Close the paraview window. |
05:10 | Now, run the solver rhoCentralFoam. |
05:16 | To do this, in the command terminal, type "rhoCentralFoam" and press Enter. |
05:25 | The iterations running can be seen in the terminal window. |
05:29 | Iterations running will stop after it converges or at the end of the time steps. Now, the solving has been done. |
05:39 | To visualize these results, let us open the paraview window once again. |
05:45 | In the command terminal, type “paraFoam” and press Enter. |
05:54 | Again on the left hand side of object inspector menu, click APPLY. |
06:01 | On the left hand side top, in active variable control menu, you will see a drop-down menu showing solid color. Now, click on it and change from solid color to capital 'U'. |
06:19 | Now, make the color legend ON by clicking on the left hand side top of active variable control menu and make the color legend 'ON'. Click on it. |
06:33 | On top of the Paraview window, you can see the VCR control. Click on PLAY. |
06:42 | You can see the final results of U velocity. |
06:47 | Now, scroll down the properties in object inspector menu on the left hand side. Now click on Display besides Properties. |
07:01 | Scroll down and click on Rescale to Size. You can see the final value of Velocity, magnitude. |
07:10 | Similarly, you can select pressure. You can see the final result of pressure. Now, close the paraView window. |
07:21 | You can also calculate the Mach number for the flow. To do this, we can use the Openfoam utility by typing "Mach" in the command terminal. |
07:31 | Type Mach. |
07:34 | Note that 'M' here is capital and press Enter. You can see that Mach number is calculated for each time step. |
07:41 | Now, again open the paraview window by typing in the command terminal "paraFoam" and press Enter. |
07:53 | Click APPLY, scroll down. In volume fields, check the 'Ma' box and again click APPLY. |
08:09 | On top of the active variable control menu, click on Solid Color and change it to 'Ma'. |
08:16 | In the VCR control menu, again click on PLAY and make the color legend 'ON'. |
08:26 | You can see the Mach number in the color legend and the corresponding colours. |
08:34 | We notice here that when the wedge is kept in supersonic flow, it produces a shock across which the flow properties like temprature, pressure
and density drastically change. |
08:48 | Now, let me switch back to the slides. The solved tutorial can be validated with exact solution available in basic books of Aerodynamics by John D Anderson. |
09:00 | In this tutorial, we learnt: * Solving a compressible flow problem
Velocity and pressure contour for the wedge and OpenFOAM utility for calculating the Mach number. |
09:11 | As an Assignment, vary the wedge angle between 10 ° to 15 ° to view the shock characteristic for the flow. |
09:19 | This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Watch the video available at this URL: http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial |
09:26 | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
09:33 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
Gives certificates to those who pass an online test. For more details, please write to us at contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
10:07 | Spoken Tutorials project is part of Talk to a Teacher project. It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
More information on the same is available at the following URL link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro |
10:20 | This script has been contributed by Arvind M and this is Rahul Joshi from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thanks for joining. |