Difference between revisions of "PhET/C3/Gravity-and-Solar-system/English-timed"
From Script | Spoken-Tutorial
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− | || In this tutorial we will | + | || In this tutorial, we will demonstrate '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations'''. |
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||00:16 | ||00:16 | ||
− | || Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 | + | || Here I am using- '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04 |
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|| 00:23 | || 00:23 | ||
− | || Java version 1.7.0 and | + | || '''Java''' version 1.7.0 and |
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|| 00:27 | || 00:27 | ||
− | || Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2 | + | || '''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2 |
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|| 00:34 | || 00:34 | ||
− | || To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high school science. | + | || To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high-school science. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 00:42 | || 00:42 | ||
− | || Using these simulations we will - | + | || Using these simulations, we will - |
1. Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite. | 1. Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite. | ||
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|| 01:08 | || 01:08 | ||
− | ||5. And determine the gravitational force. | + | ||5. And, determine the gravitational force. |
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|| 01:43 | || 01:43 | ||
− | || Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''. | + | || Use the given '''link''' to download the '''simulation'''. |
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|| 02:01 | || 02:01 | ||
− | || Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' | + | || Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option. |
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|| 02:10 | || 02:10 | ||
− | || This is the interface of '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''. | + | || This is the '''interface''' of '''Gravity and Orbits simulation'''. |
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|| 02:16 | || 02:16 | ||
− | || The interface has two screens | + | || The interface has two screens- |
− | '''Model''' | + | '''Model''', |
'''To Scale'''. | '''To Scale'''. | ||
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|| 02:38 | || 02:38 | ||
− | || Next to models there is a gray | + | || Next to models, there is a gray colored '''Reset''' button. |
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|| Below '''Gravity''', we have check-boxes for- | || Below '''Gravity''', we have check-boxes for- | ||
− | '''Gravity Force''' | + | '''Gravity Force''', |
− | '''Velocity''' | + | '''Velocity''', |
'''Path''' and | '''Path''' and | ||
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|| 03:06 | || 03:06 | ||
− | || Below this box we have another box. | + | || Below this box, we have another box. |
− | It consists of | + | It consists of '''slider'''s to change the mass of '''Star''' and '''Planet'''. |
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|| 03:15 | || 03:15 | ||
− | || Bottom of the screen we have | + | || Bottom of the screen, we have '''Fast Forward''', '''Normal''' and '''Slow motion''' radio buttons to change the '''animation''' speed. |
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|| 03:25 | || 03:25 | ||
− | || By default '''Normal''' speed is selected. | + | || By default, '''Normal''' speed is selected. |
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|| 03:29 | || 03:29 | ||
− | || Also there are '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step buttons''' | + | || Also, there are '''Rewind''', '''Play/Pause''' and '''Step buttons''', |
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|| 03:35 | || 03:35 | ||
− | || '''Clear''' button to reset the '''Earth Days''' count | + | || '''Clear''' button to '''reset''' the '''Earth Days''' count, |
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|| 03:43 | || 03:43 | ||
− | || By default Sun and Earth system is selected. | + | || By default, Sun and Earth system is selected. |
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|| 03:51 | || 03:51 | ||
− | || Notice that | + | || Notice that Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path. |
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|| 04:02 | || 04:02 | ||
− | || Centripetal force | + | || Centripetal force causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path. |
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|| 04:25 | || 04:25 | ||
− | || Notice that | + | || Notice that direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's gravitational pull. |
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|| 04:32 | || 04:32 | ||
− | || Now | + | || Now, let us count '''Earth Days'''. |
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|| 04:48 | || 04:48 | ||
− | || Now we will change the animation to slow to count the days precisely. | + | || Now we will change the animation to slow, to count the days precisely. |
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|| 05:24 | || 05:24 | ||
− | || Observe that | + | || Observe that in the absence of Gravity, Earth files off along a straight line. |
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||05:48 | ||05:48 | ||
− | || By default the '''Star Mass''' slider is at '''Our Sun'''. | + | || By default, the '''Star Mass''' slider is at '''Our Sun'''. |
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|| 06:21 | || 06:21 | ||
− | || Here sun is not at the centre of the orbit. | + | || Here, sun is not at the centre of the orbit. |
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|| 06:26 | || 06:26 | ||
− | || Note that | + | || Note that '''Earth Days''' decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun. |
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|| 06:53 | || 06:53 | ||
− | || Observe that | + | || Observe that gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun. |
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|| 07:12 | || 07:12 | ||
− | || Drag the slider towards | + | || Drag the slider towards plus sign (+) to '''zoom in''' the view. |
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|| 07:20 | || 07:20 | ||
− | || Notice that | + | || Notice that moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun. |
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|| 07:34 | || 07:34 | ||
− | || As an assignment, | + | || As an assignment, using '''Model''' screen, explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems. |
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'''Mass''' and | '''Mass''' and | ||
− | '''Measuring Tape''' | + | '''Measuring Tape'''. |
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||08:09 | ||08:09 | ||
− | || By default sun and earth system is selected. | + | || By default, sun and earth system is selected. |
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|| 08:31 | || 08:31 | ||
− | || | + | || Let's measure the distance between star and Earth. |
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|| 08:47 | || 08:47 | ||
− | || Drag the zoom in | + | || Drag the '''zoom in''' slider towards plus sign (+) to '''zoom in''' the view. |
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|| 09:00 | || 09:00 | ||
− | || Note the | + | || Note the distance between star and planet. |
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|| 09:44 | || 09:44 | ||
− | || Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula | + | || Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula where '''G''' is universal gravitation constant, |
− | + | ||
− | where '''G''' is universal gravitation constant | + | |
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|| 09:53 | || 09:53 | ||
− | || capital '''M''' is mass of sun | + | || capital '''M''' is mass of sun, |
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|| 10:02 | || 10:02 | ||
− | || and '''d''' is distance between earth and planet | + | || and '''d''' is distance between earth and planet. |
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|| 10:28 | || 10:28 | ||
− | || As an assignment, | + | || As an assignment, using '''To Scale''' screen, determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite. |
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|| 10:50 | || 10:50 | ||
− | || To run the '''simulation''', open the terminal. | + | || To '''run''' the '''simulation''', open the '''terminal'''. |
− | At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press Enter. | + | At the prompt, type: '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''. |
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|| 11:01 | || 11:01 | ||
− | || Then type | + | || Then type: '''java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''. |
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|| 11:17 | || 11:17 | ||
− | || My Solar System '''simulation | + | || '''My Solar System''' simulation opens. |
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|| 11:30 | || 11:30 | ||
− | || Here we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice. | + | || Here, we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice. |
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|| 11:55 | || 11:55 | ||
− | || Use these check-boxes as | + | || Use these check-boxes as and when required. |
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|| 11:59 | || 11:59 | ||
− | || There is a slider to control the speed of animation. | + | || There is a '''slider''' to control the speed of animation. |
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|| 12:41 | || 12:41 | ||
− | || It is a vector quantity indicated by '''V''' in circle. | + | || It is a '''vector''' quantity indicated by '''V''' in circle. |
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|| 12:57 | || 12:57 | ||
− | || Hover the mouse over '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet''' to get their '''mass''', '''current position''' and '''velocity'''. | + | || Hover the '''mouse''' over '''Sun''', '''Planet''' and '''comet''' to get their '''mass''', '''current position''' and '''velocity'''. |
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|| 13:09 | || 13:09 | ||
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|| 13:31 | || 13:31 | ||
− | || Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity'''. | + | || Hover the '''mouse''' on the bodies to get their '''mass''', '''position''' and '''velocity'''. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 13:39 | || 13:39 | ||
− | || As an assignment, | + | || As an assignment, select various systems and observe the orbits. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 13:46 | || 13:46 | ||
− | || Change the | + | || Change the initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and explain the observation. |
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|| 13:57 | || 13:57 | ||
− | || In this tutorial we have demonstrated | + | || In this tutorial, we have demonstrated how to use '''Gravity and Orbits''' and '''My Solar System''', '''PhET simulations''', |
|- | |- | ||
|| 14:07 | || 14:07 | ||
− | || Using this '''simulations''' we have | + | || Using this '''simulations''', we have described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite, |
|- | |- | ||
|| 04:15 | || 04:15 | ||
− | || | + | || studied the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force, |
|- | |- | ||
|| 14:20 | || 14:20 | ||
− | || | + | || explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system, |
|- | |- | ||
|| 14:25 | || 14:25 | ||
− | || | + | || identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity, |
|- | |- | ||
|| 14:30 | || 14:30 | ||
− | || | + | || and determined the gravitational force. |
|- | |- | ||
|| 14:35 | || 14:35 | ||
− | || The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. | + | || The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. |
Please download and watch it. | Please download and watch it. | ||
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|| 14:44 | || 14:44 | ||
− | || The Spoken Tutorial Project team | + | || The '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and |
gives certificates on passing online tests. | gives certificates on passing online tests. | ||
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||15:12 | ||15:12 | ||
− | || Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. | + | || Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Government of India. |
More information on this mission is available at this link. | More information on this mission is available at this link. |
Latest revision as of 15:13, 13 August 2018
Time | Narration |
00:01 | Welcome to this tutorial on Gravity and Solar System. |
00:06 | In this tutorial, we will demonstrate Gravity and Orbits and My Solar System, PhET simulations. |
00:16 | Here I am using- Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 |
00:23 | Java version 1.7.0 and |
00:27 | Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2 |
00:34 | To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high-school science. |
00:42 | Using these simulations, we will -
1. Describe the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and satellite. |
00:51 | 2. Study the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force. |
00:56 | 3. Explain how gravity controls the motion of our solar system. |
01:02 | 4. Identify the variables that affect the strength of gravity. |
01:08 | 5. And, determine the gravitational force. |
01:12 | In our solar system, all the celestial objects revolve around the Sun. |
01:18 | These objects are planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteors and meteorites. |
01:27 | There exists a force of attraction between the Sun and the celestial objects. |
01:34 | This force of attraction is gravitational force. |
01:39 | Let us begin the demonstration. |
01:43 | Use the given link to download the simulation. |
01:48 | I have already downloaded Gravity and Orbits simulation to my Downloads folder. |
01:55 | To open the simulation, right click on gravity-and-orbits_en.html file. |
02:01 | Select Open With Firefox Web Browser option. |
02:06 | Simulation opens in the browser. |
02:10 | This is the interface of Gravity and Orbits simulation. |
02:16 | The interface has two screens-
Model, To Scale. |
02:22 | Let us begin our demonstration with Model screen. |
02:26 | Click on Model screen to open it. |
02:29 | On the right side of the screen you can see a box. |
02:34 | It has four solar system like models. |
02:38 | Next to models, there is a gray colored Reset button. |
02:43 | This button sets the solar system to its default state. |
02:48 | We can select Gravity, using on and off radio buttons. |
02:54 | Below Gravity, we have check-boxes for-
Gravity Force, Velocity, Path and Grid . |
03:03 | Click on all the check-boxes. |
03:06 | Below this box, we have another box.
It consists of sliders to change the mass of Star and Planet. |
03:15 | Bottom of the screen, we have Fast Forward, Normal and Slow motion radio buttons to change the animation speed. |
03:25 | By default, Normal speed is selected. |
03:29 | Also, there are Rewind, Play/Pause and Step buttons, |
03:35 | Clear button to reset the Earth Days count, |
03:39 | Reset button to reset the simulation. |
03:43 | By default, Sun and Earth system is selected. |
03:48 | Now click on Play button. |
03:51 | Notice that Earth revolves around the sun along a circular path. |
03:57 | This circular motion is due to centripetal force. |
04:02 | Centripetal force causes change in acceleration and keeps the body moving along the circular path. |
04:11 | This force acts towards the center. |
04:15 | This circular path is its orbit. |
04:19 | Earth changes its direction of revolution at every point on the orbit. |
04:25 | Notice that direction of Earth's velocity is perpendicular to Sun's gravitational pull. |
04:32 | Now, let us count Earth Days. |
04:35 | Click on Reset arrow to bring the sun and earth to its default position. |
04:42 | Observe the changes in the Earth Days as earth orbits the sun. |
04:48 | Now we will change the animation to slow, to count the days precisely. |
05:00 | Click on Pause to pause the simulation. |
05:04 | Earth takes 365 days to complete one revolution. |
05:09 | Next we will see what happens to earth in the absence of gravity. |
05:14 | Click on off radio button. |
05:17 | Now we will change the animation to normal. |
05:21 | Then click on Play button. |
05:24 | Observe that in the absence of Gravity, Earth files off along a straight line. |
05:31 | This motion is tangential to the circular path. |
05:35 | Click on Return Objects button. |
05:38 | Earth will return to its default position. |
05:42 | Now we will see the effect of change in mass on an orbit. |
05:48 | By default, the Star Mass slider is at Our Sun. |
05:53 | Let's drag the Star Mass slider towards 1.5. |
05:58 | As you drag, observe the increase in size of the star. |
06:03 | Next, click Gravity's on radio button and then Play button. |
06:10 | Observe the path of the orbit. |
06:13 | Earth now moves in an elliptical path. |
06:17 | Size of the orbit also becomes small. |
06:21 | Here, sun is not at the centre of the orbit. |
06:26 | Note that Earth Days decrease with the increase in the mass of the sun. |
06:32 | Drag the Planet Mass slider towards 1.5. |
06:37 | Notice that force of gravity between them increases. |
06:42 | Click on Pause button to pause the simulation. |
06:46 | Click on the planet and drag it away from the sun. |
06:51 | Click on the Play button. |
06:53 | Observe that gravitational force decreases with increase in the distance between planet and sun. |
07:01 | Click on Pause button. Click on Reset button to reset the system. |
07:08 | Now select Sun, Earth and Moon system. |
07:12 | Drag the slider towards plus sign (+) to zoom in the view. |
07:17 | Then click on Play button. |
07:20 | Notice that moon is in spiral orbit with earth while earth is in circular orbit with sun. |
07:29 | Here moon is a satellite of the earth. |
07:34 | As an assignment, using Model screen, explore earth, moon and earth, satellite systems. |
07:43 | Now we will move on to To Scale screen. |
07:47 | Click on To Scale screen at the bottom of the interface. |
07:52 | To Scale screen has same tools as that of Model screen. |
07:57 | This screen has two additional check-boxes-
Mass and Measuring Tape. |
08:04 | Click on Mass, Path and Grid check-boxes. |
08:09 | By default, sun and earth system is selected. |
08:14 | Here, star's mass is 333 thousand Earth masses and planet's mass is 1 Earth mass. |
08:24 | Click on Play button to show the path of revolution. |
08:28 | Then click on pause button. |
08:31 | Let's measure the distance between star and Earth. |
08:35 | Check against Measuring Tape check-box. |
08:39 | Uncheck Mass check-box. |
08:42 | This will enable us to measure the distance precisely. |
08:47 | Drag the zoom in slider towards plus sign (+) to zoom in the view. |
08:52 | Place the Measuring Tape on star and drag the other end to the planet. |
09:00 | Note the distance between star and planet. |
09:04 | It is 91503 thousand miles. |
09:10 | This value may vary a little in your case because sun is also in motion. |
09:17 | Let us calculate gravitational force between Earth and sun. |
09:22 | Universal law of gravitation- Force of attraction between any two objects is proportional to the product of their masses. |
09:33 | It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. |
09:38 | This force is along the line joining the centers of two objects. |
09:44 | Gravitational force is calculated by using following formula where G is universal gravitation constant, |
09:53 | capital M is mass of sun, |
09:58 | small m is mass of earth |
10:02 | and d is distance between earth and planet. |
10:07 | We substitute the values of G, capital M, small m and d in this formula. |
10:15 | This will give us the value of the Gravitational force between sun and Earth. |
10:21 | The value is 3.6 x1022 N(newton). |
10:28 | As an assignment, using To Scale screen, determine the gravitational force between Earth and satellite. |
10:37 | Now we will move on to My Solar System PhET simulation. |
10:43 | I have already downloaded My Solar System simulation to my Downloads folder. |
10:50 | To run the simulation, open the terminal.
At the prompt, type: cd Downloads and press Enter. |
11:01 | Then type: java space hyphen jar space my-solar-system_en.jar and press Enter. |
11:17 | My Solar System simulation opens. |
11:21 | This is the interface of My Solar System simulation. |
11:26 | Screen has a system drop-down box on the right side. |
11:30 | Here, we can select a pair of solar systems of our choice. |
11:36 | Below the drop-down box there is another box. |
11:40 | It consists of Start, Stop and Reset buttons. |
11:45 | We have check-boxes for System Centered, Show Traces, Show Grid and Tape Measure. |
11:55 | Use these check-boxes as and when required. |
11:59 | There is a slider to control the speed of animation. |
12:03 | Screen is provided with Initial Settings at the bottom. |
12:08 | Here we can input the mass, position and velocity values in their respective boxes. |
12:16 | We can also use radio-buttons to select a number of bodies. |
12:20 | Now click on drop down arrow. |
12:24 | Scroll to Sun, planet, comet and click on it. |
12:28 | We see 3 coloured objects planet, sun and comet. |
12:37 | Red coloured arrow indicates the velocity. |
12:41 | It is a vector quantity indicated by V in circle. |
12:46 | Click on Start button and observe the orbits. Comet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbit. |
12:55 | Click on Stop button. |
12:57 | Hover the mouse over Sun, Planet and comet to get their mass, current position and velocity. |
13:09 | Click on start button. |
13:12 | After a few revolutions the comet collides with the Sun and disappears. |
13:19 | Select Four star ballet and click on Start button. |
13:25 | Observe the orbits. Then click on Stop button. |
13:31 | Hover the mouse on the bodies to get their mass, position and velocity. |
13:39 | As an assignment, select various systems and observe the orbits. |
13:46 | Change the initial settings and observe the changes in the orbits and explain the observation. |
13:54 | Let us Summarise. |
13:57 | In this tutorial, we have demonstrated how to use Gravity and Orbits and My Solar System, PhET simulations, |
14:07 | Using this simulations, we have described the relation between Sun, Earth, Moon and Satellite, |
04:15 | studied the effect of mass and distance on gravitational force, |
14:20 | explained how gravity controls the motion of our solar system, |
14:25 | identified the variables that affect the strength of gravity, |
14:30 | and determined the gravitational force. |
14:35 | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
14:44 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
gives certificates on passing online tests. |
14:54 | For more details, please write to us. |
14:58 | Please post your timed queries on this forum. |
15:03 | This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. |
15:12 | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
More information on this mission is available at this link. |
15:25 | This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.
Thank you for joining. |