Difference between revisions of "PhET/C3/Gene-Expression-The-Basics/English-timed"
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| − | || Using this simulation we will learn, About steps involved in Protein Synthesis. | + | || Using this simulation we will learn, |
| + | 1.About steps involved in Protein Synthesis. | ||
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|| 00:48 | || 00:48 | ||
| − | || Factors affecting Protein Synthesis and To observe the average level of '''Green Fluorescent Protein''' produced in cells. | + | || 2.Factors affecting Protein Synthesis and |
| + | |||
| + | 3.To observe the average level of '''Green Fluorescent Protein''' produced in cells. | ||
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Revision as of 12:25, 13 August 2018
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to this tutorial on Gene-Expression-The Basics simulation. |
| 00:08 | In this tutorial we will, Demonstrate Gene Expression-The Basics, PhET Simulation. |
| 00:16 | To follow this tutorial, Learners should be familiar with topics in high school Biology. |
| 00:23 | Here I am using, Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 |
| 00:30 | Java version 1.7.0. |
| 00:35 | Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2 |
| 00:41 | Using this simulation we will learn,
1.About steps involved in Protein Synthesis. |
| 00:48 | 2.Factors affecting Protein Synthesis and
3.To observe the average level of Green Fluorescent Protein produced in cells. |
| 01:00 | Let us recall about Central Dogma of Genetics. |
| 01:05 | It was proposed by Francis Crick. |
| 01:09 | It states that the genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA to Protein. |
| 01:19 | Protein Synthesis involves two steps. |
| 01:23 | Transcription: is a process of making, mRNA. |
| 01:28 | Translation: is a process by which mRNA directs protein synthesis. |
| 01:35 | Let us begin the demonstration. |
| 01:38 | Use the given link to download the simulation. |
| 01:42 | I have already downloaded Gene Expression-The Basics simulation to my Downloads folder. |
| 01:51 | To run the simulation, open the terminal. |
| 01:55 | At the prompt type, cd Downloads and press enter. |
| 02:03 | Then type, java space hyphen jar space gene hyphen expression hyphen basics underscore en dot jar and press enter. |
| 02:20 | Gene Expression-The Basics Simulation opens. |
| 02:25 | The simulation screen shows 3 tabs at the top- Cell Gene Expression |
| 02:32 | Messenger RNA Production and Multiple Cells. |
| 02:38 | By default Cell Gene Expression screen opens. |
| 02:43 | Left side of the screen has a Biomolecule Toolbox. |
| 02:48 | It contains transcription and translation regulatory elements. |
| 02:54 | At the bottom of the screen a DNA strand is shown. |
| 02:59 | It represents Gene 1. |
| 03:02 | Gene 1 has a Regulatory region and a Transcribed region. |
| 03:08 | Regulatory Region is acted upon by, Positive and Negative Transcription Factors. |
| 03:15 | Transcribed Region is located after the Regulatory Region in the DNA strand. |
| 03:22 | It is used to create mRNA. |
| 03:26 | Information that mRNA strand contains, is found in the Transcribed Region. |
| 03:33 | On the right side, we have a box showing Protein Collection. It shows the type of protein which we make. |
| 03:42 | Now let us select Positive Transcription Factor from the Biomolecule Toolbox. |
| 03:49 | Click on the Positive Transcription Factor. |
| 03:53 | Observe the Regulatory Region on Gene1. |
| 03:57 | Shape of Positive Transcription Factor is highlighted. |
| 04:02 | Drag and place it on the highlighted Regulatory Region. |
| 04:07 | Now click on RNA Polymerase from Biomolecule Toolbox. |
| 04:13 | Observe Gene1, shape of RNA polymerase is highlighted. |
| 04:19 | Drag and place it on the highlighted area of RNA Polymerase. |
| 04:25 | RNA Polymerase initiates the transcription process. |
| 04:30 | We can see mRNA is produced as the Transcription process is initiated. |
| 04:38 | Now let's see the roles of transcription elements. |
| 04:43 | Positive Transcription Factor is also known as an activator. |
| 04:49 | It positions itself on the Regulatory Region. |
| 04:54 | It encourages the binding of RNA polymerase to the Regulatory Region. |
| 05:00 | It allows RNA polymerase to produce mRNA. |
| 05:05 | RNA Polymerase is an enzyme. |
| 05:09 | It reads transcribed region of DNA to produce mRNA. |
| 05:15 | It zips down the strand by first passing through the regulatory region. |
| 05:21 | As an assignment, Select Negative Transcription Factor and Place it on Gene1. |
| 05:28 | Select RNA polymerase. |
| 05:31 | See if RNA polymerase can pass through the transcribed region.
And Explain the observation. |
| 05:39 | Back to the simulation. |
| 05:42 | Select a Ribosome from Biomolecule Toolbox. |
| 05:47 | Drag it on the highlighted area of free floating mRNA. |
| 05:52 | A type of protein is produced. |
| 05:56 | It is highlighted on Your Protein collection box. |
| 06:01 | About Ribosome. |
| 06:04 | Ribosome is an RNA structure that reads mRNA strands to produce proteins. |
| 06:13 | It clamps the RNA strand between its two subunits. |
| 06:19 | Lets go back to the simulation. |
| 06:22 | Select mRNA destroyer from Biomolecule Toolbox. |
| 06:27 | The position to fit mRNA destroyer is highlighted as dotted outline on mRNA. |
| 06:35 | Drag and place it on the highlighted area of mRNA. |
| 06:41 | mRNA is degraded into individual units. |
| 06:46 | mRNA Destroyer stops mRNA from making additional proteins. |
| 06:52 | Reset All button is available at the bottom-right corner of the screen. |
| 06:58 | Click on it to reset the screen to default position. |
| 07:03 | Click on green Next Gene button at bottom right corner of the screen. |
| 07:10 | This takes you to another gene which codes for a new type of protein. |
| 07:17 | Explore and find how this second gene is different from the first one. |
| 07:24 | Click on Messenger RNA Production tab at the top. |
| 07:29 | Here we can see various factors that affect transcription that is mRNA production. |
| 07:36 | We can see two panels. Positive Transcription Factor and RNA Polymerase. |
| 07:45 | I will increase the Concentrations and Affinity of the Positive Transcription Factor. |
| 07:53 | Drag the slider of the Concentrations to Lots. |
| 07:58 | I will keep the Affinity to High. |
| 08:02 | Also keep the RNA Polymerase Affinity to High. |
| 08:07 | We can see that RNA polymerase can attach itself to the DNA strand easily.
And it produces mRNA. |
| 08:18 | Now we know that, Increase in the concentration of Positive Transcription Factor, increases its binding, to the regulatory region. |
| 08:29 | It will in turn make RNA polymerase bind faster to DNA. |
| 08:35 | This results in faster production of mRNA. |
| 08:40 | Explore Concentration and Affinity sliders. And observe the results. |
| 08:47 | Now Click on the Multiple Cells tab. On the right-hand side there are 3 options. |
| 08:56 | Concentrations, Affinities and Degradation. |
| 09:02 | Click on Green plus sign to open the panel. |
| 09:06 | Drag the sliders to change Concentrations, Affinities and Degradation. |
| 09:16 | Observe the amount of Green Fluorescent protein produced in cells. |
| 09:22 | Drag the Cells slider from One to Many. |
| 09:27 | Observe the green fluorescent protein cells. |
| 09:31 | The brightness indicates the concentration of protein in cells. |
| 09:37 | Let us summarize. |
| 09:40 | In this tutorial we have demonstrated, How to use Gene Expression-The Basics simulation. |
| 09:49 | Using this simulation, we have learnt, About steps involved in protein biosynthesis. |
| 09:56 | To create mRNA using transcription elements. |
| 10:01 | To create a protein using translation elements. |
| 10:05 | And to study the effect of factors influencing mRNA production. |
| 10:12 | As an Assignment, Using Cell Gene Expression screen, Transcribe gene 2 and put proteins in protein collection box. |
| 10:24 | Explore the Multiple Cells tab. |
| 10:27 | Find the name of the cells used in this simulation. |
| 10:31 | Explain why cells are green in colour. |
| 10:35 | The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it. |
| 10:44 | The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and Gives certificates on passing on line tests. |
| 10:54 | For more details, please write to us. |
| 10:58 | Please post your timed queries on this forum. |
| 11:02 | This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. |
| 11:11 | Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
More information on this mission is available at this link. |
| 11:25 | This tutorial is contributed by spoken tutorial team from IIT Bombay.
Thank you for joining. |
