Difference between revisions of "ChemCollective-Virtual-Labs/C3/Determination-of-Solubility-Product/English"

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(Created page with " {|border=1 ||'''Visual Cue''' ||'''Narration''' |- || '''Slide Number 1''' '''Title Slide ''' || Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Determination of Solubility Produc...")
 
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Determine Solubility of salts, and  
 
Determine Solubility of salts, and  
  
−
Calculate Solubility Product of various sparingly soluble salts.  
+
Calculate '''Solubility Product''' of various sparingly soluble salts.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 25: Line 25:
  
 
'''System Requirement'''  
 
'''System Requirement'''  
−
|| Here I am using  
+
|| Here, I am using  
  
 
Mac OS version 10.10.5  
 
Mac OS version 10.10.5  
Line 38: Line 38:
  
 
'''www.spoken-tutorial.org'''  
 
'''www.spoken-tutorial.org'''  
−
|| To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with  
+
|| To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,
  
  
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|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Point to the window.  
 
|| Point to the window.  
−
|| Here I have opened''' Virtual Chemistry labs''' application window.  
+
|| Here, I have opened''' Virtual Chemistry labs''' application window.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Click on '''file>>Load Homework'''.  
+
|| Click on '''File ''' >> '''Load Homework'''.  
  
−
Point at''' Default Lab Setup''' dialog-box.  
+
Point at ''' Default Lab Setup''' dialog-box.  
  
 
Double- click on '''Solubility and Solids''' option.
 
Double- click on '''Solubility and Solids''' option.
Line 80: Line 80:
 
|| '''Problem Description''' window opens.  
 
|| '''Problem Description''' window opens.  
  
−
The problem states that, using Virtual labs.
+
The problem states that, using Virtual labs,
  
  
−
We have to determine Solubility Products of  
+
We have to determine '''Solubility Products''' of  
 
   
 
   
 
Silver chloride  
 
Silver chloride  
Line 104: Line 104:
  
 
'''Solubility Product'''  
 
'''Solubility Product'''  
−
|| A substance's solubility product, is the mathematical product of its dissolved ion concentrations raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.  
+
|| A substance's solubility product, is the mathematical product of its dissolved ion concentrations raised to the power of their '''stoichiometric coefficients'''.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 113: Line 113:
 
'''AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + Cl¯(aq)'''  
 
'''AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + Cl¯(aq)'''  
  
−
Stoichiometric Concentrations are  
+
'''Stoichiometric Concentrations''' are  
  
 
[Ag<sup>+</sup>] : [Cl<sup>-</sup>]  
 
[Ag<sup>+</sup>] : [Cl<sup>-</sup>]  
Line 131: Line 131:
 
For every one mole of silver chloride that dissolves,  
 
For every one mole of silver chloride that dissolves,  
  
−
one mole of silver ion and one '''mole of chloride ion is''' '''produced.  
+
one mole of silver ion and one mole of chloride ion is produced.  
  
 
Let us assign a variable '''S''' to represent solubility of Silver and Chloride ions.  
 
Let us assign a variable '''S''' to represent solubility of Silver and Chloride ions.  
  
  
−
Solubility Product of silver chloride is S squared.  
+
'''Solubility Product''' of silver chloride is S squared.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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−
Stoichiometric concentrations of the ions are in the ratio of 2 : 1  
+
'''Stoichiometric concentrations''' of the ions are in the ratio of 2 : 1  
  
  
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−
Solubility Product of silver carbonate is four S cube.  
+
'''Solubility Product''' of silver carbonate is four S cube.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|| Significance of Solubility Product.  
 
|| Significance of Solubility Product.  
  
−
Solubility Product applies to solutions where salts do not fully dissolve.<br/>  
+
'''Solubility Product''' applies to solutions where salts do not fully dissolve.<br/>  
  
 
Water is generally used as a solvent.<br/>  
 
Water is generally used as a solvent.<br/>  
  
−
Solubility Product changes with temperature.  
+
'''Solubility Product''' changes with temperature.  
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| '''Slide Number 9'''  
 
|| '''Slide Number 9'''  
Line 192: Line 192:
  
  
−
when the Ionic product is greater than Solubility Product,<br/> then precipitation will occur  
+
when the Ionic product is greater than Solubility Product,<br/> then precipitation will occur.
  
−
when the Ionic product is smaller than Solubility Product,<br/> then precipitation will not occur  
+
when the Ionic product is smaller than Solubility Product,<br/> then precipitation will not occur.
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|| Cursor on Vlabs workbench.  
 
|| Cursor on Vlabs workbench.  
  
  
−
From the Stockroom Explorer, double-click to select,  
+
From the '''Stockroom Explorer''', double-click to select,  
  
  
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−
From the Stockroom Explorer, double-click to select,  
+
From the '''Stockroom Explorer''', double-click to select,  
  
  
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Click to select''' Scale '''  
 
Click to select''' Scale '''  
  
−
Click on''' Select tools '''icon. Click to select '''Weighing boat.'''  
+
Click on''' Select tools '''icon. Click to select '''Weighing Boat.'''  
 
|| Click on''' Select tools '''icon.  
 
|| Click on''' Select tools '''icon.  
  
−
Click to select''' Scale '''and '''Weighing boat.'''  
+
Click to select''' Scale '''and '''Weighing Boat.'''  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Right-click on the''' Weighing boat>> duplicate''' option.  
+
|| Right-click on the''' Weighing Boat>> duplicate''' option.  
−
|| For this demonstration we require 4 copies of '''Weighing boats. '''  
+
|| For this demonstration we require 4 copies of '''Weighing Boats. '''  
  
−
Right-click on the ''' Weighing boat'''.  
+
Right-click on the ''' Weighing Boat'''.  
  
 
Select '''Duplicate''' option from the context menu.  
 
Select '''Duplicate''' option from the context menu.  
  
−
A new '''weighing boat appears'''.  
+
A new '''Weighing Boat appears'''.  
  
−
Similarly obtain other w'''eighing boats'''.  
+
Similarly obtain other '''Weighing Boats'''.  
  
−
Rearrange the '''weighing boats''' on the workbench.  
+
Rearrange the '''Weighing Boats''' on the workbench.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
−
|| Right-click on weighing boat>> '''Rename''' option.  
+
|| Right-click on '''Weighing Boat''' >> '''Rename''' option.  
  
 
Click on Ok.  
 
Click on Ok.  
  
−
Rename the weighing boats as 1, 2, 3 and 4.  
+
Rename the '''Weighing Boats''' as 1, 2, 3 and 4.  
 
|| Let us assign names to each one of them.  
 
|| Let us assign names to each one of them.  
 
   
 
   
−
Right-click on the '''weighing boat'''.  
+
Right-click on the '''Weighing Boat'''.  
  
 
Select '''Rename''' option from the context menu.  
 
Select '''Rename''' option from the context menu.  
  
−
Rename the '''weighing boats''' as 1, 2, 3 and 4.  
+
Rename the '''Weighing Boats''' as 1, 2, 3 and 4.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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Use '''Duplicate''' option to make 4 copies.  
 
Use '''Duplicate''' option to make 4 copies.  
  
−
Rearrange 100 mL distilled water flasks on the workbench.  
+
Rearrange 100 mL '''Distilled water''' flasks on the workbench.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|| Bring the '''Scale''' to a convenient position on the workbench.  
 
|| Bring the '''Scale''' to a convenient position on the workbench.  
  
−
Place '''weighing boat 1 ''' on the scale.  
+
Place '''Weighing Boat 1 ''' on the scale.  
  
 
Click '''TARE'''.  
 
Click '''TARE'''.  
Line 306: Line 306:
 
|| Weigh 5 grams of Silver Chloride.  
 
|| Weigh 5 grams of Silver Chloride.  
  
−
Bring the Silver Chloride bottle near to the '''weighing boat 1'''.  
+
Bring the Silver Chloride bottle near to the '''Weighing Boat 1'''.  
  
 
In the '''transfer amount input bar''' , type 5.  
 
In the '''transfer amount input bar''' , type 5.  
Line 316: Line 316:
  
  
−
Bring the '''weighing boat 1''' to '''flask 1'''.  
+
Bring the '''Weighing Boat 1''' to '''flask 1'''.  
  
 
Type 5 in the '''transfer input bar'''. Click on '''Pour'''.  
 
Type 5 in the '''transfer input bar'''. Click on '''Pour'''.  
Line 325: Line 325:
 
Now let us transfer Silver Chloride to '''flask 1.'''  
 
Now let us transfer Silver Chloride to '''flask 1.'''  
  
−
Bring '''weighing boat 1''' to '''flask 1'''.  
+
Bring '''Weighing Boat 1''' to '''flask 1'''.  
  
 
Type 5 in the''' transfer '''amount input bar. Click on '''Pour'''.  
 
Type 5 in the''' transfer '''amount input bar. Click on '''Pour'''.  
  
−
Keep '''weighing Boat''' aside.  
+
Keep '''Weighing Boat''' aside.  
  
 
|-  
 
|-  
Line 427: Line 427:
 
In this tutorial we have,  
 
In this tutorial we have,  
  
−
Determined solubility of the salts.  
+
Determined solubility of salts.  
  
 
Calculated Solubility Product of various sparingly soluble salts.  
 
Calculated Solubility Product of various sparingly soluble salts.  

Revision as of 16:51, 25 April 2018


Visual Cue Narration
Slide Number 1

Title Slide

Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Determination of Solubility Product using Vlabs.
Slide Number 2

Learning Objectives

In this tutorial we will learn to,

Determine Solubility of salts, and

Calculate Solubility Product of various sparingly soluble salts.

Slide Number 3

System Requirement

Here, I am using

Mac OS version 10.10.5

ChemCollective Vlabs version 2.1.0 and

Java version 8.0

Slide Number 4

Pre-requisites

www.spoken-tutorial.org

To follow this tutorial you should be familiar with,


Chemcollective vlabs interface.


If not for relevant tutorials please visit our website.

Point to the window. Here, I have opened Virtual Chemistry labs application window.
Click on File >> Load Homework.

Point at Default Lab Setup dialog-box.

Double- click on Solubility and Solids option.

Double- click on Determining the Solubility Product

Click on File menu and select Load Homework option.

Default Lab Setup dialog-box opens.

Double-click on Solubility and Solids option.


From the sub-menu, double-click on Determining the solubility product option.

Cursor on chemicals, apparatus and Problem Description.

Double click on Problem Description from Stockroom Explorer.

A workbench opens with required chemicals and Problem Description.

Under the Stockroom Explorer double click on Problem Description.

Cursor on Problem Description window.

Highlight relevant portions of Problem Description.

Problem Description window opens.

The problem states that, using Virtual labs,


We have to determine Solubility Products of

Silver chloride

Strontium Sulphate

Silver Carbonate and

Strontium Iodate.

We have to also find the solubility of the above salts in Moles/Litre.

Finally we have to compare the Solubility and Solubility Products for pairs of salts.

Click on 'x' on the top right corner of the window. Close the Problem Description window.
Slide Number 5

Solubility Product

A substance's solubility product, is the mathematical product of its dissolved ion concentrations raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.
Slide Number 6

Solubility Product:Equation 1

AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + Cl¯(aq)

Stoichiometric Concentrations are

[Ag+] : [Cl-]

1 : 1

[Ag+] = S, [Cl-] = S

Ksp = [Ag+] [Cl¯]

Solubility Product = S x S = S2

For Example:

Solubility of Silver Chloride in its saturated solution is given as follows:

For every one mole of silver chloride that dissolves,

one mole of silver ion and one mole of chloride ion is produced.

Let us assign a variable S to represent solubility of Silver and Chloride ions.


Solubility Product of silver chloride is S squared.

Slide Number 7

Solubility Product:Equation 2


Ag2CO3 ⇌ 2Ag+ + CO3-2


[Ag+] : [CO3-2]

2 : 1

[Ag+] = 2S, [CO3-2] = S

Ksp = [Ag+]2 [CO3-2]

Solubility Product = (2S)2 x S = 4S3

Here is the solubility of Silver carbonate in its saturated solution.


Stoichiometric concentrations of the ions are in the ratio of 2 : 1


In this equation, solubility of silver ion is two S and carbonate ion is S.


Solubility Product of silver carbonate is four S cube.

Slide Number 8

Solubility Product:Significance

Significance of Solubility Product.

Solubility Product applies to solutions where salts do not fully dissolve.

Water is generally used as a solvent.

Solubility Product changes with temperature.

Slide Number 9

Solubility Product:Significance

Solubility Product is a heterogeneous equilibrium constant.

The smaller the Solubility Product of a substance, the lower is its solubility.

Slide Number 10

Solubility Product:Significance

Solubility Product values are useful in predicting, the precipitation in reactions.


when the Ionic product is greater than Solubility Product,
then precipitation will occur.

when the Ionic product is smaller than Solubility Product,
then precipitation will not occur.

Cursor on Vlabs workbench.


From the Stockroom Explorer, double-click to select,


Silver chloride

Strontium Sulphate

Silver Carbonate

Strontium Iodate.

Back to the workbench.


From the Stockroom Explorer, double-click to select,


Silver chloride

Silver Carbonate

Strontium Sulphate and

Strontium Iodate.

Click on Select tools icon.

Click to select Scale

Click on Select tools icon. Click to select Weighing Boat.

Click on Select tools icon.

Click to select Scale and Weighing Boat.

Right-click on the Weighing Boat>> duplicate option. For this demonstration we require 4 copies of Weighing Boats.

Right-click on the Weighing Boat.

Select Duplicate option from the context menu.

A new Weighing Boat appears.

Similarly obtain other Weighing Boats.

Rearrange the Weighing Boats on the workbench.

Right-click on Weighing Boat >> Rename option.

Click on Ok.

Rename the Weighing Boats as 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Let us assign names to each one of them.

Right-click on the Weighing Boat.

Select Rename option from the context menu.

Rename the Weighing Boats as 1, 2, 3 and 4.

From the Stockroom Explorer,

Double-click on 100 mL Distilled HspO flask.

Right-click on the flask, use Duplicate option.

From the Stockroom Explorer,

double-click on 100 mL Distilled water flask.

100 mL Distilled water flask appears on the workbench.

Right-click on the flask.

Use Duplicate option to make 4 copies.

Rearrange 100 mL Distilled water flasks on the workbench.

Right-click on the flask, select Rename option from the context menu.

Rename the flasks as 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Right-click on the flask, select Rename option from the context menu.

Rename the flasks as 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Drag the Scale.

Drag and place the boat on the scale.

Press TARE.

Bring the Scale to a convenient position on the workbench.

Place Weighing Boat 1 on the scale.

Click TARE.

Type 5 in the transfer amount input bar.


Click on Pour.

Weigh 5 grams of Silver Chloride.

Bring the Silver Chloride bottle near to the Weighing Boat 1.

In the transfer amount input bar , type 5.

Click on Pour.

Drag the Silver Chloride bottle aside.


Bring the Weighing Boat 1 to flask 1.

Type 5 in the transfer input bar. Click on Pour.

Drag and place the Weighing Boat aside.

Keep the Silver Chloride bottle aside.

Now let us transfer Silver Chloride to flask 1.

Bring Weighing Boat 1 to flask 1.

Type 5 in the transfer amount input bar. Click on Pour.

Keep Weighing Boat aside.

Click on Flask 1.

Cursor on Solution Info Panel.

Click on Flask 1.


Observe the Solution Info Panel.

Cursor on Aqueous radio button.

Click on the black arrow, next to molarity.

Point towards concentrations of Silver ion and Chloride ion.

By default Aqueous radio button is selected.

Concentrations of all the ionic species present in the solution are given here.

Click on the small black arrow, next to Molarity.

Here we can express concentrations in grams, moles and Molarity.


Note the concentrations of Silver ion and Chloride ion in terms of Molarity.

Show all the steps for


Strontium Sulphate

Silver Carbonate, and

Strontium Iodate

Similarly, using weighing boat, weigh 5 gm each of,


Silver Carbonate

Strontium Sulphate, and

Strontium Iodate


Pour into flasks 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

Click on flasks 2, 3 and 4.

Wait till equilibrium is reached.

Click on each flask.


Wait till equilibrium is reached.


Note the concentrations of ions at equilibrium.


This value is the Solubility of that ion in its saturated solution.

Slide Number 11

Calculation Table

Note solubility values for each ion in table as shown here.
Slide Number 11

Calculation Table

(with Ksp values)

Calculate Solubility product for each salt.

Note in the table.

Cursor on slide number 10 Solubility products values for Strontium salts are more when compared to silver salts.

This is because Strontium salts are more soluble in water when compared to silver salts.

Slide Number 12

Standard Values of Solubility Product

The experimental values of Solubility Product are comparable with known values.
Slide Number 13

Summary

Let us summarize.

In this tutorial we have,

Determined solubility of salts.

Calculated Solubility Product of various sparingly soluble salts.

Slide Number 14

Assignment

As an assignment,


For Strontium Sulphate and Strontium Iodate:


Write dissociation equation and Solubility Product expression.

Find Solubility Product of these salts at 35° C.

Observe whether dissolution of these salts is exothermic or endothermic.

Slide Number15:

About Spoken Tutorial project

The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

Slide Number16:

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project team:


conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.

Slide Number 17:

Forum for specific questions:


Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?


Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.


Please post your timed queries on this forum.
Slide Number 18:

Acknowledgement

Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT-Bombay.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Snehalathak

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