Difference between revisions of "C-and-C++/C3/Strings/English-timed"

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{| border = 1
 
{| border = 1
−
 
 
|'''Time'''
 
|'''Time'''
−
 
 
|'''Narration'''
 
|'''Narration'''
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.01
+
| 00:01
−
|Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Strings in C and C++
+
|Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on '''Strings'''  in '''C and C++'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.06
+
| 00:06
−
|In this tutorial we will learn,    
+
|In this tutorial we will learn:    
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.08
+
| 00:08
−
|What is a string.  
+
|What is a '''string. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.10
+
| 00:10
−
|Declaration of a string.  
+
|Declaration of a '''string. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.13
+
| 00:13
−
|Initialization of a string.  
+
|Initialization of a '''string. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.15
+
| 00:15
−
| Few examples on string.  
+
|Few examples on '''string'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.17
+
| 00:17
 
|We will also see some common errors and their solutions.  
 
|We will also see some common errors and their solutions.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.22
+
| 00:22
−
| To record this tutorial, I am using,
+
| To record this tutorial, I am using  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.25
+
| 00:25
−
|Ubuntu Operating System version 11.04
+
|'''Ubuntu Operating System''' version 11.04,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|00.29
+
|00:29
−
| gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 .
+
| '''gcc '''and '''g++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 .
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|00.35
+
|00:35
−
|Let us start with the introduction to strings.  
+
|Let us start with the introduction to '''strings.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|00.38
+
|00:38
−
|String is a sequence of characters, that is treated as a single data item.  
+
|'''String''' is a sequence of characters that is treated as a single data item.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.44
+
| 00:44
−
|Size of string = length of string + 1  
+
|Size of '''string '''= length of '''string''' + 1.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.49
+
| 00:49
−
|Let me tell you how to declare a string.
+
|Let me tell you how to declare a '''string.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.52
+
| 00:52
 
|The syntax for this is  
 
|The syntax for this is  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 00.55
+
| 00:55
−
|char, name of string and size  
+
|'''char''', name of '''string''' and '''size'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|00.59
+
|00:59
−
|char is the data type, name of the string is the string name, and we can give the size here.  
+
|'''char''' is the data type, name of the '''string''' is the string name, and we can give the size here.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01.06
+
| 01:06
−
|Eg: here we have declared a character string names with size 10  
+
|Eg: here we have declared a '''character string names''' with '''size 10'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01.13
+
| 01:13
 
|Now we will see an example.   
 
|Now we will see an example.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01.15
+
| 01:15
 
|I have already typed the program,  I will open it.  
 
|I have already typed the program,  I will open it.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.19
+
|01:19
−
|Note that our file name is string.c
+
|Note that our file name is '''string.c'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.23
+
|01:23
−
|In this program, we will take a string as an input from the user and print it.  
+
|In this program, we will take a '''string''' as an input from the user and print it.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.29
+
|01:29
 
|Let me explain the code now.  
 
|Let me explain the code now.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.32
+
|01:32
 
|These are our header files.  
 
|These are our header files.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01.34
+
| 01:34
−
|Here string.h includes the declarations, functions, constants of string handling utilities.  
+
|Here '''string.h''' includes the declarations, functions, constants of '''string''' handling utilities.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01.43
+
| 01:43
−
|Whenever we work on string functions, we should include this header file.  
+
|Whenever we work on '''string functions''', we should include this header file.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 01.47
+
| 01:47
−
|This is our main function.  
+
|This is our '''main()''' function.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.49
+
|01:49
−
|Here we are declaring the string strname' with size '30'.  
+
|Here we are declaring the '''string strname '''with size ''' 30. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.55
+
|01:55
−
|Here we are accepting a string from the user.  
+
|Here we are accepting a '''string''' from the user.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|01.58
+
|01:58
−
|To read a string, we can use scanf() function with format specifier %s
+
|To read a '''string''', we can use '''scanf()''' function with format specifier '''%s'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|02.05
+
|02:05
 
|We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.  
 
|We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.11
+
| 02:11
−
|Then we print the string.  
+
|Then we print the '''string. '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.13
+
| 02:13
−
| And this is our return statement.  
+
| And this is our '''return''' statement.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.16
+
| 02:16
−
| Now click on Save
+
| Now click on '''Save'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.18
+
| 02:18
 
| Let us execute the program.  
 
| Let us execute the program.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.20
+
| 02:20
−
| Please open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.  
+
| Please open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.30
+
| 02:30
−
|To compile, type gcc space string.c space -o space str  
+
|To compile, type '''gcc''' space '''string.c''' space '''-o''' space''' str '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.37
+
| 02:37
−
|And press Enter  
+
|And press '''Enter '''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.40
+
| 02:40
−
| To execute, type ./str  
+
| To execute, type '''./str ''' (dot slash str).
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.43
+
| 02:43
−
|now press Enter  
+
|Now press '''Enter'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.46
+
| 02:46
−
|Here it is displayed as Enter the string .  
+
|Here it is displayed as '''Enter the string . '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.49
+
| 02:49
−
| I will type Talk To A Teacher.  
+
| I will type "Talk To A Teacher".  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.56
+
| 02:56
−
|now press Enter.  
+
|Now press '''Enter'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 02.58
+
| 02:58
−
|The output is displayed as The string is Talk To A Teacher
+
|The output is displayed as ''' The string is Talk To A Teacher.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.03
+
| 03:03
−
|Now let us switch back to our slides  
+
|Now let us switch back to our slides.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.06
+
| 03:06
−
|Until now we discussed about the declaration of a string.  
+
|Until now we discussed about the declaration of a '''string. '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.10
+
| 03:10
 
|Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.  
 
|Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.13
+
| 03:13
−
|The syntax for this is  
+
|The syntax for this is,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.16
+
| 03:16
−
|char var_name[size] = “string”;  
+
|'''char var_name[size] = “string”; '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.20
+
| 03:20
−
|Eg: Here we have declared a character string "names" with size 10 and the string is "Priya"  
+
|Eg: Here we have declared a '''character string “names”''' with size '''10''' and the '''string''' is “Priya”"  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.28
+
| 03:28
−
|Another syntax is  
+
|Another syntax is,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.31
+
| 03:31
−
|char var_name[ ] = String within single quotes  
+
|'''char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}''' within single quotes.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.36
+
| 03:36
−
|eg: char names[10] = Priya in single quotes  
+
|eg: '''char names[10] = {'P', 'r', 'i', 'y', 'a'}''' in single quotes.
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.42
+
| 03:42
 
|Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.  
 
|Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.48
+
| 03:48
 
|Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.  
 
|Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.52
+
| 03:52
−
|First, press shift, ctrl and s keys simultaneously on your keyboard  
+
|First, press '''shift, ctrl''' and '''s '''keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 03.58
+
| 03:58
−
|Now save the file with the name stringinitialize
+
|Now save the file with the name '''stringinitialize'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.03
+
| 04:03
−
|Now click on Save
+
|Now click on '''Save'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.06
+
| 04:06
−
| We are going to initialize the string.  
+
| We are going to initialize the '''string.'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.08
+
| 04:08
 
|Hence, at the 5th line, type  
 
|Hence, at the 5th line, type  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.11
+
| 04:11
−
| = and within the double quotes “Spoken- Tutorial”;  
+
| '''= and within the double quotes “Spoken-Tutorial”; '''
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.20
+
| 04:20
−
|Now, click on Save  
+
|Now, click on '''Save '''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.22
+
| 04:22
−
|Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the string.  
+
|Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the '''string.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.27
+
| 04:27
−
|Click on Save.  
+
|Click on '''Save. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.30
+
| 04:30
−
|Let us execute.  
+
|Let us execute. Come back to our '''terminal.'''
−
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.31
+
| 04:33
−
|Come back to our terminal.
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 04.33
+
 
|To compile, type  
 
|To compile, type  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.35
+
| 04:35
−
|gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2  
+
|'''gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2 '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.44
+
| 04:44
−
|Here we have str2 because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter str for the file string.c
+
|Here we have '''str2''' because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter '''str''' for the file string.c.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.54
+
| 04:54
−
|Now press Enter.  
+
|Now press '''Enter. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 04.56
+
| 04:56
−
|To execute, type ./str2  
+
|To execute, type '''./str2 '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.00
+
| 05:00
−
|The output is displayed as "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".
+
|The output is displayed as ''' "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.06
+
| 05:06
 
|Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .  
 
|Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.09
+
| 05:09
−
|Come back to our program  
+
|Come back to our program.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.11
+
| 05:11
−
|Suppose here we type the spelling of string as sting
+
|Suppose, here we type the spelling of string as '''sting'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.16
+
| 05:16
−
|Now click on Save.
+
|Now click on '''Save.'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.18
+
| 05:18
−
|Let us execute
+
|Let us execute.Come back to our '''terminal'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.19
+
| 05:21
−
|Come back to our terminal
+
|Now compile as before.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.21
+
| 05:23
−
|Now compile as before
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 05.23
+
 
|We see an fatal error.  
 
|We see an fatal error.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.25
+
| 05:25
−
|sting.h: no such file or directory  
+
|'''sting.h: No such file or directory '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.28
+
| 05:28
−
|compilation terminated  
+
|'''compilation terminated. '''
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.30
+
| 05:30
 
|Come back to our program.  
 
|Come back to our program.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.32
+
| 05:32
−
|This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name sting.h  
+
|This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name '''sting.h '''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.39
+
| 05:39
 
|Hence it is giving an error.  
 
|Hence it is giving an error.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.41
+
| 05:41
 
|Let us fix the error.  
 
|Let us fix the error.  
−
 
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.43
+
| 05:43
−
|Type r here.  
+
|Type '''r''' here.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.45
+
| 05:45
−
|Now click on Save.  
+
|Now click on '''Save. '''Let us execute again.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.46
+
| 05:47
−
|Let us execute again.  
+
|Come back to our '''terminal. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.47
+
| 05:50
−
|Come back to our terminal.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 05.50
+
 
|Compile as before, execute as before.  
 
|Compile as before, execute as before.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.54
+
| 05:54
 
|Yes, it is working!  
 
|Yes, it is working!  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.56
+
| 05:56
 
|Now, let us see another common error.  
 
|Now, let us see another common error.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 05.59
+
| 05:59
 
|Come back to our program.  
 
|Come back to our program.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.02
+
| 06:02
−
|Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.  
+
|Suppose, here I will type '''int''' in place of '''char'''.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.06
+
| 06:06
−
|Now, click on Save .  
+
|Now, click on Save .Let us see what happens.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.07
+
| 06:09
−
|Let us see what happens.
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 06.09
+
 
|Come back to our terminal.  
 
|Come back to our terminal.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.11
+
| 06:11
 
|Let me clear the prompt.  
 
|Let me clear the prompt.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.15
+
| 06:15
 
|Compile as before.  
 
|Compile as before.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.17
+
| 06:17
 
|We see an error.  
 
|We see an error.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.19
+
| 06:19
−
|Wide character array initialized from non-wide string  
+
|'''Wide character array initialized from non-wide string '''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.24
+
| 06:24
−
|format %s expects argument of type 'char, ' but  argument 2 has type 'int'  
+
|'''format %s expects argument of type 'char' but  argument 2 has type 'int' '''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.32
+
| 06:32
 
|Come back to our program.  
 
|Come back to our program.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.36
+
| 06:36
−
|This is because we used %s as the format specifier for string.
+
|This is because we used ''' %s''' as the '''format specifier''' for '''string.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.42
+
| 06:42
−
|And we are initializing it with an integer data type
+
|And we are initializing it with an '''integer''' data type.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.47
+
| 06:47
 
|Let us fix the error.  
 
|Let us fix the error.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.49
+
| 06:49
−
|Type char here.  
+
|Type '''char''' here.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.51
+
| 06:51
−
|Click on Save.  
+
|Click on '''Save. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.53
+
| 06:53
−
|Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
+
|Let us execute. Come back to our '''terminal.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 06.56
+
| 06:56
 
|Compile as before, execute as before.  
 
|Compile as before, execute as before.  
 
   
 
   
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.00
+
| 07:00
−
|Yes it is working!  
+
|Yes, it is working!  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.03
+
| 07:03
−
|Now we will see how to execute the same program in C++
+
|Now we will see how to execute the same program in '''C++'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.08
+
| 07:08
 
|Come back to our program.  
 
|Come back to our program.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.11
+
| 07:11
−
|Let me open our file string.c
+
|Let me open our file '''string.c'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.15
+
| 07:15
 
|We will edit the code here.  
 
|We will edit the code here.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.18
+
| 07:18
−
|First, press shift, ctrl and S key simultaneously on your keyboard.  
+
|First, press '''shift, ctrl''' and '''S''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.25
+
| 07:25
−
|Now save the file with an extension .cpp
+
|Now save the file with an extension '''.cpp''' (dot cpp).
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.29
+
| 07:29
−
|and click on Save.  
+
|and click on '''Save. '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.33
+
| 07:33
−
|Now we will change the header file as iostream.  
+
|Now we will change the header file as ''' iostream. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.38
+
| 07:38
−
|Include the using statement.  
+
|Include the '''using statement. '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.43
+
| 07:43
−
|Now click on Save.  
+
|Now click on '''Save.'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.47
+
| 07:47
 
|Now we will delete this declaration.  
 
|Now we will delete this declaration.  
 
   
 
   
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.50
+
| 07:50
−
|And will declare a string variable.
+
|And will declare a '''string variable.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.53
+
| 07:53
−
|Type string space strname and a semicolon
+
|Type '''string space strname''' and a '''semicolon'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 07.59
+
| 07:59
−
|Click on Save.  
+
|Click on '''Save.'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.02
+
| 08:02
−
| Replace the printf statement with the cout statement.   
+
| Replace the '''printf''' statement with the '''cout''' statement.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.07
+
| 08:07
 
|Delete the closing bracket here.  
 
|Delete the closing bracket here.  
 
   
 
   
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.11
+
| 08:11
−
|Delete the scanf statement and type getline opening bracket closing bracket within the brackets type(cin, strname)  
+
|Delete the '''scanf''' statement and type '''getline opening bracket closing bracket''', within the brackets type '''(cin, strname) '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.24
+
| 08:24
−
|At the end, type a semicolon.  
+
|At the end, type a '''semicolon. '''
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.28
+
| 08:28
−
|Now again, replace the printf statement with the cout statement.  
+
|Now again, replace the '''printf''' statement with the '''cout''' statement.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.36
+
| 08:36
−
|Delete the format specifier and \n  
+
|Delete the '''format specifier''' and '''\n '''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.40
+
| 08:40
−
|Now delete the comma  
+
|Now delete the '''comma'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.42
+
| 08:42
 
|Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.  
 
|Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.49
+
| 08:49
−
|Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type \n  
+
|Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type''' \n '''.
 
   
 
   
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.54
+
| 08:54
−
|And click on Save
+
|And click on '''Save'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 08.58
+
| 08:58
−
|Here we have declared a string variable 'strname'
+
|Here we have declared a '''string variable 'strname' '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.03
+
| 09:03
−
|Since we do not use the format specifier in C++, the compiler should know that strname is a string variable.  
+
|Since we do not use the '''format specifier''' in '''C++''', the compiler should know that 'strname' is a '''string variable. '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.13
+
| 09:13
−
|Here we use getline to extract the characters from the input sequence.  
+
|Here we use '''getline''' to extract the characters from the input sequence.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.18
+
| 09:18
−
|It stores them as a string.  
+
|It stores them as a '''string'''.  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.22
+
| 09:22
 
|Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.  
 
|Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.  
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.27
+
| 09:27
 
|Let me clear the prompt.  
 
|Let me clear the prompt.  
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.30
+
| 09:30
 
|To compile, type  
 
|To compile, type  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.32
+
| 09:32
−
|g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3  
+
|'''g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3 '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.39
+
| 09:39
−
|and press Enter.  
+
|and press '''Enter. '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.41
+
| 09:41
−
|To execute, type ./str3  
+
|To execute, type '''./str3 '''(dot slash str3).
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.46
+
| 09:46
−
|Press Enter.  
+
|Press '''Enter. '''It is displayed as '''Enter the string'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.47
+
| 09:50
−
|It is displayed as Enter the string
+
|I will enter as '''Talk To A Teacher '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.50
+
| 09:55
−
|I will enter as Talk To A Teacher
+
|Now press '''Enter'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.55
+
| 09:57
−
|Now press Enter
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 09.57
+
 
|The output is displayed as  
 
|The output is displayed as  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 09.59
+
| 09:59
−
|"The string is Talk To A Teacher"  
+
| "The string is Talk To A Teacher"  
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.03
+
| 10:03
 
|We can see that the output is similar to our C code.  
 
|We can see that the output is similar to our C code.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.07
+
| 10:07
−
|Now come back to our slides.  
+
|Now come back to our slides. Let us summarize.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.10
+
| 10:11
−
|Let us summarize
+
|In this tutorial we learnt: '''Strings '''
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 10.11
+
−
|In this tutorial we learnt  
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| 10.13
+
−
|Strings  
+
 
   
 
   
−
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.14
+
| 10:14
−
|Declaration of a string  
+
|Declaration of a '''string '''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.16
+
| 10:16
−
|eg: char strname[30]  
+
|'''eg: char strname[30] '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10.20
+
|10:20
−
|Initialization of a string  
+
|Initialization of a '''string '''eg: '''char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.21
+
| 10:26
−
|eg: char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”
+
|As an assignment,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.26
+
| 10:28
−
|As an assignment
+
|write a program to print a '''string''' using the 2nd syntax.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.28
+
| 10:34
−
|Write a program to print a string using the 2nd syntax
+
|Watch the video available at the link shown below.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.34
+
| 10:37
−
|Watch the video available at the link shown below
+
|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.37
+
| 10:40
−
|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
+
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.40
+
|10:44
−
|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
+
|The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10.44
+
| 10:46
−
|The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
+
|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.46
+
| 10:49
−
|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
+
|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.49
+
| 10:54
−
|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
+
|For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 10.54
+
|11:01
−
|For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+
|Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|11.01
+
|11:04
−
|Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project
+
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
|11.04
+
−
|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
+
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11.12
+
| 11:12
−
|More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
+
|More information on this mission is available at the link shown below.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11.16
+
| 11:16
−
|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.
+
|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11.20
+
| 11:20
 
|Thank You for watching.
 
|Thank You for watching.

Latest revision as of 12:43, 6 September 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Strings in C and C++.
00:06 In this tutorial we will learn:
00:08 What is a string.
00:10 Declaration of a string.
00:13 Initialization of a string.
00:15 Few examples on string.
00:17 We will also see some common errors and their solutions.
00:22 To record this tutorial, I am using
00:25 Ubuntu Operating System version 11.04,
00:29 gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 .
00:35 Let us start with the introduction to strings.
00:38 String is a sequence of characters that is treated as a single data item.
00:44 Size of string = length of string + 1.
00:49 Let me tell you how to declare a string.
00:52 The syntax for this is
00:55 char, name of string and size.
00:59 char is the data type, name of the string is the string name, and we can give the size here.
01:06 Eg: here we have declared a character string names with size 10.
01:13 Now we will see an example.
01:15 I have already typed the program, I will open it.
01:19 Note that our file name is string.c
01:23 In this program, we will take a string as an input from the user and print it.
01:29 Let me explain the code now.
01:32 These are our header files.
01:34 Here string.h includes the declarations, functions, constants of string handling utilities.
01:43 Whenever we work on string functions, we should include this header file.
01:47 This is our main() function.
01:49 Here we are declaring the string strname with size 30.
01:55 Here we are accepting a string from the user.
01:58 To read a string, we can use scanf() function with format specifier %s.
02:05 We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.
02:11 Then we print the string.
02:13 And this is our return statement.
02:16 Now click on Save.
02:18 Let us execute the program.
02:20 Please open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
02:30 To compile, type gcc space string.c space -o space str
02:37 And press Enter .
02:40 To execute, type ./str (dot slash str).
02:43 Now press Enter.
02:46 Here it is displayed as Enter the string .
02:49 I will type "Talk To A Teacher".
02:56 Now press Enter.
02:58 The output is displayed as The string is Talk To A Teacher.
03:03 Now let us switch back to our slides.
03:06 Until now we discussed about the declaration of a string.
03:10 Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.
03:13 The syntax for this is,
03:16 char var_name[size] = “string”;
03:20 Eg: Here we have declared a character string “names” with size 10 and the string is “Priya”"
03:28 Another syntax is,
03:31 char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'} within single quotes.
03:36 eg: char names[10] = {'P', 'r', 'i', 'y', 'a'} in single quotes.
03:42 Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.
03:48 Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.
03:52 First, press shift, ctrl and s keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
03:58 Now save the file with the name stringinitialize.
04:03 Now click on Save.
04:06 We are going to initialize the string.
04:08 Hence, at the 5th line, type
04:11 = and within the double quotes “Spoken-Tutorial”;
04:20 Now, click on Save .
04:22 Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the string.
04:27 Click on Save.
04:30 Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
04:33 To compile, type
04:35 gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2
04:44 Here we have str2 because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter str for the file string.c.
04:54 Now press Enter.
04:56 To execute, type ./str2
05:00 The output is displayed as "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".
05:06 Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .
05:09 Come back to our program.
05:11 Suppose, here we type the spelling of string as sting.
05:16 Now click on Save.
05:18 Let us execute.Come back to our terminal.
05:21 Now compile as before.
05:23 We see an fatal error.
05:25 sting.h: No such file or directory
05:28 compilation terminated.
05:30 Come back to our program.
05:32 This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name sting.h .
05:39 Hence it is giving an error.
05:41 Let us fix the error.
05:43 Type r here.
05:45 Now click on Save. Let us execute again.
05:47 Come back to our terminal.
05:50 Compile as before, execute as before.
05:54 Yes, it is working!
05:56 Now, let us see another common error.
05:59 Come back to our program.
06:02 Suppose, here I will type int in place of char.
06:06 Now, click on Save .Let us see what happens.
06:09 Come back to our terminal.
06:11 Let me clear the prompt.
06:15 Compile as before.
06:17 We see an error.
06:19 Wide character array initialized from non-wide string .
06:24 format %s expects argument of type 'char' but argument 2 has type 'int' .
06:32 Come back to our program.
06:36 This is because we used  %s as the format specifier for string.
06:42 And we are initializing it with an integer data type.
06:47 Let us fix the error.
06:49 Type char here.
06:51 Click on Save.
06:53 Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
06:56 Compile as before, execute as before.
07:00 Yes, it is working!
07:03 Now we will see how to execute the same program in C++.
07:08 Come back to our program.
07:11 Let me open our file string.c.
07:15 We will edit the code here.
07:18 First, press shift, ctrl and S keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
07:25 Now save the file with an extension .cpp (dot cpp).
07:29 and click on Save.
07:33 Now we will change the header file as iostream.
07:38 Include the using statement.
07:43 Now click on Save.
07:47 Now we will delete this declaration.
07:50 And will declare a string variable.
07:53 Type string space strname and a semicolon.
07:59 Click on Save.
08:02 Replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
08:07 Delete the closing bracket here.
08:11 Delete the scanf statement and type getline opening bracket closing bracket, within the brackets type (cin, strname) .
08:24 At the end, type a semicolon.
08:28 Now again, replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
08:36 Delete the format specifier and \n .
08:40 Now delete the comma.
08:42 Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.
08:49 Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type \n .
08:54 And click on Save.
08:58 Here we have declared a string variable 'strname' .
09:03 Since we do not use the format specifier in C++, the compiler should know that 'strname' is a string variable.
09:13 Here we use getline to extract the characters from the input sequence.
09:18 It stores them as a string.
09:22 Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.
09:27 Let me clear the prompt.
09:30 To compile, type
09:32 g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3
09:39 and press Enter.
09:41 To execute, type ./str3 (dot slash str3).
09:46 Press Enter. It is displayed as Enter the string.
09:50 I will enter as Talk To A Teacher .
09:55 Now press Enter.
09:57 The output is displayed as
09:59 "The string is Talk To A Teacher"
10:03 We can see that the output is similar to our C code.
10:07 Now come back to our slides. Let us summarize.
10:11 In this tutorial we learnt: Strings
10:14 Declaration of a string
10:16 eg: char strname[30]
10:20 Initialization of a string eg: char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”
10:26 As an assignment,
10:28 write a program to print a string using the 2nd syntax.
10:34 Watch the video available at the link shown below.
10:37 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:40 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:44 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:
10:46 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
10:49 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
10:54 For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org.
11:01 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project.
11:04 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
11:12 More information on this mission is available at the link shown below.
11:16 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
11:20 Thank You for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Kavita salve, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14

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