Difference between revisions of "GChemPaint/C3/Aromatic-Molecular-Structures/English-timed"
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{|border=1 | {|border=1 | ||
− | + | |'''Time''' | |
− | + | |'''Narration''' | |
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| 00:01 | | 00:01 | ||
− | | Hello everyone. | + | | Hello everyone.Welcome to this tutorial on '''Aromatic Molecular Structures''' in '''GChemPaint'''. |
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| 00:07 | | 00:07 | ||
− | | In this tutorial, we will learn to | + | | In this tutorial, we will learn to: |
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| 00:24 | | 00:24 | ||
− | | Merge two molecules | + | | Merge two molecules. |
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| 00:28 | | 00:28 | ||
− | | '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS version 12.04 | + | | '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS version 12.04, |
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| 01:19 | | 01:19 | ||
| To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper positions. | | To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper positions. | ||
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| 01:31 | | 01:31 | ||
− | | A ''' | + | | A '''sub-menu''' appears. |
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| 02:07 | | 02:07 | ||
− | | Press ''' | + | | Press '''Ctrl+A''' to select the structure. |
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| 02:10 | | 02:10 | ||
− | | Press ''' | + | | Press '''Ctrl+C''' to copy and '''Ctrl+V''' to paste the structure. |
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| 03:33 | | 03:33 | ||
− | | As an assignment | + | | As an assignment, |
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| 03:35 | | 03:35 | ||
− | | | + | | draw the structures of: * '''Cyclobutane''' and convert to '''Cyclobutadiene''' |
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| 03:39 | | 03:39 | ||
− | | '''Cyclopentane''' and convert to '''Cyclopentadiene''' | + | |'''Cyclopentane''' and convert to '''Cyclopentadiene''' |
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| 04:02 | | 04:02 | ||
− | | '''fluoro(F)''', | + | | '''fluoro(F)''', '''methyl(CH3)''', |
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| 04:04 | | 04:04 | ||
− | | '''nitro(NO2)''', | + | | '''nitro(NO2)''', '''hydroxy(OH)''' and others. |
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| 04:18 | | 04:18 | ||
− | | Press ''' | + | | Press '''Ctrl+C''' to copy and press '''Ctrl+V''' twice to paste the structures. |
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| 06:06 | | 06:06 | ||
− | | | + | |1 and 4- as '''Para'''. |
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| 06:09 | | 06:09 | ||
− | | | + | |2 and 6- as '''Ortho'''. |
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| 06:12 | | 06:12 | ||
− | | | + | | 3 and 5- as '''Meta'''. |
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| 06:35 | | 06:35 | ||
| The new structure obtained is '''ortho-Xylene'''. | | The new structure obtained is '''ortho-Xylene'''. | ||
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| 07:02 | | 07:02 | ||
− | | Press ''' | + | | Press '''Ctrl+Z''' to undo the process. |
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| 07:24 | | 07:24 | ||
− | | Draw seven '''Benzene''' structures. | + | | Draw seven '''Benzene''' structures. Substitute one of the '''Hydrogens''' of: |
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| 07:39 | | 07:39 | ||
− | | Also substitute: | + | | Also substitute: * Two of the '''Hydrogens''' of the sixth '''Benzene''' with '''Chlorine''' atoms. |
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| 08:23 | | 08:23 | ||
− | | Press ''' | + | | Press '''Ctrl+A''' to select the structures. |
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| 08:41 | | 08:41 | ||
− | | In this tutorial, we have learnt to | + | | In this tutorial, we have learnt to: |
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| 08:43 | | 08:43 | ||
− | | | + | | Convert '''Cyclohexane''' to '''Cyclohexene''' |
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| 08:46 | | 08:46 | ||
− | | | + | | Convert '''Cyclohexene''' to '''Benzene''' |
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| 08:49 | | 08:49 | ||
− | | | + | | Substitute '''Hydrogen''' of '''Benzene''' with '''fluoro, methyl, nitro''' and '''carboxy''' groups. |
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| 08:55 | | 08:55 | ||
− | | | + | | Merge two four membered cycles. |
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| 08:58 | | 08:58 | ||
− | | Here is an assignment | + | | Here is an assignment: |
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| 09:02 | | 09:02 | ||
− | | Two '''Pentane''' structures | + | | Two '''Pentane''' structures |
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| 09:04 | | 09:04 | ||
− | | '''Cyclopentane''' and '''Cyclohexane''' molecules. | + | | '''Cyclopentane''' and '''Cyclohexane''' molecules. |
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| 09:15 | | 09:15 | ||
− | | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project | + | | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. |
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| 09:19 | | 09:19 | ||
− | | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | + | | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
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| 09:23 | | 09:23 | ||
− | | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: | + | | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. |
− | + | ||
− | Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials | + | |
|- | |- | ||
| 09:27 | | 09:27 | ||
− | | Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test | + | | Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test. |
|- | |- | ||
| 09:31 | | 09:31 | ||
− | | For more details, please write to '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org''' | + | | For more details, please write to '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''. |
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Latest revision as of 17:55, 27 March 2017
Time | Narration |
00:01 | Hello everyone.Welcome to this tutorial on Aromatic Molecular Structures in GChemPaint. |
00:07 | In this tutorial, we will learn to: |
00:10 | Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene |
00:13 | Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene |
00:16 | Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with other atoms. |
00:20 | Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with group of atoms |
00:24 | Merge two molecules. |
00:26 | Here I am using |
00:28 | Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04, |
00:32 | GChemPaint version 0.12.10. |
00:37 | To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with |
00:41 | GChemPaint chemical structure editor. |
00:44 | If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
00:50 | I have opened a new GChemPaint application. |
00:54 | Let us first add a six membered cycle to the Display area. |
00:59 | Click on Add a six membered cycle tool. |
01:02 | Click on the Display area. |
01:04 | Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool. |
01:10 | Add two bonds on every corner of the cycle. |
01:14 | Position the bonds in such a way that no two bonds touch each other. |
01:19 | To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper positions. |
01:24 | Let us display Carbon atoms on all the corners of the cycle. |
01:28 | Right click on any one of the corner. |
01:31 | A sub-menu appears. |
01:33 | Select Atom and then click on Display symbol. |
01:36 | Likewise, add Carbon atoms on all corners of the cycle. |
01:42 | To add Hydrogen atoms to the bonds, press H on the keyboard. |
01:47 | Click on Add or modify an atom tool. |
01:51 | Click on all the bond positions. |
01:54 | Again, see to it that no two Hydrogens overlap each other. |
01:59 | The obtained structure is (C6H12) Cyclohexane. |
02:04 | Let's copy and paste the structure. |
02:07 | Press Ctrl+A to select the structure. |
02:10 | Press Ctrl+C to copy and Ctrl+V to paste the structure. |
02:15 | Let us convert the second Cyclohexane structure to Cyclohexene. |
02:19 | Click on the Eraser tool. |
02:22 | Delete one Hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent carbon atoms. |
02:27 | Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool. |
02:33 | Then click on the bond between deleted Hydrogen bonds. |
02:37 | A double bond is formed. |
02:40 | The obtained structure is Cyclohexene(C6H10) |
02:44 | Let us convert Cyclohexene to Cyclohexadiene and then to Benzene. |
02:51 | Ensure that Current element is Carbon. |
02:56 | Click on the Eraser tool. |
02:58 | Delete one Hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent Carbon atoms. |
03:03 | Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool. |
03:09 | Then click on the bond between deleted Hydrogen bonds. |
03:13 | A second double bond is formed. |
03:16 | The obtained structure is Cyclohexadiene(C6H8). |
03:22 | Likewise let's repeat the process to form the third double bond. |
03:28 | The obtained structure is Benzene(C6H6) |
03:33 | As an assignment, |
03:35 | draw the structures of: * Cyclobutane and convert to Cyclobutadiene |
03:39 | Cyclopentane and convert to Cyclopentadiene |
03:45 | Your completed assignment should look like this. |
03:49 | Next let us learn about Benzene derivatives. |
03:53 | Functional groups can substitute Hydrogens in Benzene, to derive various chemical compounds |
03:59 | Functional groups that substitute Hydrogen are |
04:02 | fluoro(F), methyl(CH3), |
04:04 | nitro(NO2), hydroxy(OH) and others. |
04:08 | Let us copy and paste the Benzene structure twice, on the Display area. |
04:13 | Click on Select one or more objects tool to select the Benzene structure. |
04:18 | Press Ctrl+C to copy and press Ctrl+V twice to paste the structures. |
04:24 | Let's Substitute Hydrogen of the first Benzene structure with a Fluorine atom. |
04:30 | Press F on the keyboard. |
04:32 | Click on Add or modify an atom tool. |
04:35 | Click on Hydrogen to substitute it with Fluorine. |
04:40 | The obtained structure is Fluorobenzene. |
04:44 | Next let's substitute the Hydrogen of the second Benzene with a group of atoms. |
04:50 | Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool. |
04:54 | Click on any one of the Hydrogens. |
04:57 | Observe that Hydrogen is enclosed in a green box with a blinking cursor. |
05:03 | Let's substitute Hydrogen with a methyl group. |
05:06 | Remove Hydrogen and type capital C H and 3 |
05:12 | Click anywhere on the Display area. |
05:15 | The obtained structure is Methyl benzene. |
05:19 | Let's substitute Hydrogen of the third Benzene with a nitro group. |
05:24 | Click on any one of the Hydrogens. |
05:27 | Remove Hydrogen and type capital N O 2 |
05:32 | The obtained structure is Nitrobenzene. |
05:36 | Let's see Carbon positions in the Benzene ring. |
05:40 | Six Carbon atoms are numbered from 1 to 6 in Benzene. |
05:45 | All six positions are equivalent, before Hydrogen is substituted. |
05:51 | Electron density of the ring changes, when Hydrogen is substituted by a functional group. |
05:57 | Electron density is dependent on the Substituent. |
06:01 | A mono-substituted compound of Benzene can be substituted at positions: |
06:06 | 1 and 4- as Para. |
06:09 | 2 and 6- as Ortho. |
06:12 | 3 and 5- as Meta. |
06:15 | Now let's substitute Methylbenzene structure with another methyl group. |
06:20 | Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool. |
06:24 | Click on the second Hydrogen position of the ring. |
06:28 | To substitute Hydrogen in the green box with methyl group, |
06:32 | type capital C H 3. |
06:35 | The new structure obtained is ortho-Xylene. |
06:39 | Let's substitute Nitrobenzene with a Carboxy group. |
06:44 | Click on the fourth Hydrogen position of the ring. |
06:48 | To substitute Hydrogen in the green box with Carboxy group, |
06:52 | type capital C O O H |
06:57 | The new structure obtained is para-Nitrobenzoic acid. |
07:02 | Press Ctrl+Z to undo the process. |
07:05 | Substitute third Hydrogen position of Nitrobenzene with a nitro group. |
07:11 | Remove Hydrogen and type capital N O 2 |
07:17 | The new structure obtained is meta-Dinitrobenzene. |
07:22 | Here is an assignment. |
07:24 | Draw seven Benzene structures. Substitute one of the Hydrogens of: |
07:28 | First Benzene with bromo. |
07:30 | Second Benzene with iodo. |
07:32 | Third Benzene with hydroxy. |
07:34 | Fourth Benzene with amino. |
07:36 | Fifth Benzene with ethyl. |
07:39 | Also substitute: * Two of the Hydrogens of the sixth Benzene with Chlorine atoms. |
07:44 | First and fourth Hydrogen positions of the seventh Benzene with Carboxy groups. |
07:51 | Your completed assignment should look like this. |
07:55 | Now, let's learn to merge two structures. |
07:57 | Let's open a new window. |
08:00 | Ensure that current element is Carbon. |
08:04 | Click on the Add a four membered cycle tool. |
08:07 | Click on the Display area twice. |
08:10 | Click on Select one or more objects tool. |
08:14 | Click on the second structure. |
08:16 | Drag it and place it close to the first structure |
08:20 | such that they touch each other. |
08:23 | Press Ctrl+A to select the structures. |
08:26 | Merge two molecules tool becomes active. |
08:30 | Click on Merge two molecules tool, to merge the molecules. |
08:34 | Drag the structures to observe merging. |
08:38 | Let's summarize what we have learnt. |
08:41 | In this tutorial, we have learnt to: |
08:43 | Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene |
08:46 | Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene |
08:49 | Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene with fluoro, methyl, nitro and carboxy groups. |
08:55 | Merge two four membered cycles. |
08:58 | Here is an assignment: |
09:00 | Merge Two Benzene molecules |
09:02 | Two Pentane structures |
09:04 | Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane molecules. |
09:08 | Your completed assignment should look like this. |
09:12 | Watch the video available at this link. |
09:15 | It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. |
09:19 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
09:23 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials. |
09:27 | Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test. |
09:31 | For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org. |
09:37 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project . |
09:41 | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
09:48 | More information on this Mission is available at this link . |
09:53 | This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off. |
09:57 | Thank you for joining. |