Difference between revisions of "GChemPaint/C3/Aromatic-Molecular-Structures/English-timed"

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'''Title of the tutorial''': Aromatic-Molecular-Structures
 
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'''Author''': Madhuri Ganapathi
 
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'''Key words''': Add a six membered cycle, Add a four membered cycle, Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one, Add or modify a group of atoms, Eraser, Merge two molecules, Display symbol, Benzene, fluoro(F), methyl(CH3), nitro(NO2), hydroxy(OH), carboxy, Video tutorial.
 
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<font size="2">
 
 
{|border=1
 
{|border=1
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!'''Time'''
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|'''Time'''
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!'''Narration'''
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|'''Narration'''
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</font>
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|-
 
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| 00:01
 
| 00:01
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| Hello everyone.
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| Hello everyone.Welcome to this tutorial on '''Aromatic Molecular Structures''' in '''GChemPaint'''.
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|-
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| 00:02
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| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Aromatic Molecular Structures''' in '''GChemPaint'''.
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| 00:07
 
| 00:07
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| In this tutorial, we will learn to
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| In this tutorial, we will learn to:
  
 
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| 00:24
 
| 00:24
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| Merge two molecules
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| Merge two molecules.
  
 
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| 00:28
 
| 00:28
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| '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS version 12.04.
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| '''Ubuntu Linux''' OS version 12.04,
  
 
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| 01:19
 
| 01:19
 
| To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper positions.
 
| To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper positions.
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| 01:31
 
| 01:31
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| A '''submenu''' appears.  
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| A '''sub-menu''' appears.  
  
 
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| 02:07
 
| 02:07
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| Press '''CTRL+A''' to select the structure.
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| Press '''Ctrl+A''' to select the structure.
  
 
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| 02:10
 
| 02:10
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| Press '''CTRL+C''' to copy and '''CTRL+V''' to paste the structure.   
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| Press '''Ctrl+C''' to copy and '''Ctrl+V''' to paste the structure.   
  
 
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| 03:33
 
| 03:33
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| As an assignment.
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| As an assignment,
  
 
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| 03:35
 
| 03:35
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| Draw the structures of:  
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| draw the structures of: * '''Cyclobutane''' and convert  to '''Cyclobutadiene'''  
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*'''Cyclobutane''' and convert  to '''Cyclobutadiene'''  
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| 03:39
 
| 03:39
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| *'''Cyclopentane''' and convert  to  '''Cyclopentadiene'''
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|'''Cyclopentane''' and convert  to  '''Cyclopentadiene'''
  
 
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| 04:02
 
| 04:02
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| *'''fluoro(F)''',  
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| '''fluoro(F)''', '''methyl(CH3)''',  
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|-
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| 04:03
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| *'''methyl(CH3)''',  
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| 04:04
 
| 04:04
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| *'''nitro(NO2)''',  
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| '''nitro(NO2)''', '''hydroxy(OH)''' and others.
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| 04:05
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|*'''hydroxy(OH)''' and
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| 04:06
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|* others.
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| 04:18
 
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| Press '''CTRL+C''' to copy and press '''CTRL+V''' twice to paste the structures.
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| Press '''Ctrl+C''' to copy and press '''Ctrl+V''' twice to paste the structures.
  
 
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| 04:04
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| 04:57
 
| Observe that '''Hydrogen''' is enclosed in  a green box with a blinking cursor.
 
| Observe that '''Hydrogen''' is enclosed in  a green box with a blinking cursor.
  
 
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| 05:03
 
| 05:03
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| Let's substitute '''Hydrogen''' with a '''methy''' group.
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| Let's substitute '''Hydrogen''' with a '''methyl''' group.
  
 
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|* 1 and 4- as '''Para'''.
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|1 and 4- as '''Para'''.
  
 
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| 06:09
 
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| * 2 and 6- as '''Ortho'''.
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|2 and 6- as '''Ortho'''.
  
 
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| 06:12
 
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| * 3 and  5- as '''Meta'''.
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| 3 and  5- as '''Meta'''.
  
 
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| The new structure obtained is '''ortho-Xylene'''.
 
| The new structure obtained is '''ortho-Xylene'''.
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| Press '''CTRL+Z''' to undo the process.
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| Press '''Ctrl+Z''' to undo the process.
  
 
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| 07:24
 
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| Draw seven '''Benzene''' structures.
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| Draw seven '''Benzene''' structures. Substitute one of the '''Hydrogens'''  of:
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| 07:25
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| Substitute one of the '''Hydrogens'''  of:
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| 07:39
 
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| Also substitute:
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| Also substitute: * Two of the '''Hydrogens''' of the sixth '''Benzene''' with  '''Chlorine''' atoms.  
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Two of the '''Hydrogens''' of the sixth '''Benzene''' with  '''Chlorine''' atoms.  
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| Press '''CTRL+A''' to select the structures.
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| Press '''Ctrl+A''' to select the structures.
  
 
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| 08:41
 
| 08:41
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| In this tutorial, we have learnt to
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| In this tutorial, we have learnt to:
  
 
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| 08:43
 
| 08:43
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| Convert '''Cyclohexane''' to '''Cyclohexene'''
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| Convert '''Cyclohexane''' to '''Cyclohexene'''
  
 
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| 08:46
 
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| Convert '''Cyclohexene''' to '''Benzene'''
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| Convert '''Cyclohexene''' to '''Benzene'''
  
 
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| 08:49
 
| 08:49
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| Substitute '''Hydrogen''' of '''Benzene'''  with  '''fluoro, methyl, nitro''' and '''carboxy''' groups.  
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| Substitute '''Hydrogen''' of '''Benzene'''  with  '''fluoro, methyl, nitro''' and '''carboxy''' groups.  
  
 
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| 08:55
 
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| Merge two four membered cycles.
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| Merge two four membered cycles.
  
 
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| 08:58
 
| 08:58
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| Here is an assignment.
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| Here is an assignment:
  
 
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| 09:00
 
| 09:00
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| Merge  
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| Merge Two '''Benzene''' molecules
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Two '''Benzene''' molecules
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| 09:02
 
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| Two '''Pentane''' structures
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| Two '''Pentane''' structures
  
 
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| 09:04
 
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| '''Cyclopentane''' and '''Cyclohexane'''  molecules.
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| '''Cyclopentane''' and '''Cyclohexane'''  molecules.
  
 
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| 09:15
 
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| It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
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| It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
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| 09:19
 
| 09:19
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| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  
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| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
  
 
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| 09:23
 
| 09:23
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| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team:  
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| The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
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Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
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|-
 
|-
 
| 09:27
 
| 09:27
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| Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test  
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| Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 09:31
 
| 09:31
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| For more details, please write to  
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| For more details, please write to '''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''.
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'''contact@spoken-tutorial.org'''  
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|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 17:55, 27 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everyone.Welcome to this tutorial on Aromatic Molecular Structures in GChemPaint.
00:07 In this tutorial, we will learn to:
00:10 Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene
00:13 Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene
00:16 Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with other atoms.
00:20 Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene ring with group of atoms
00:24 Merge two molecules.
00:26 Here I am using
00:28 Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04,
00:32 GChemPaint version 0.12.10.
00:37 To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with
00:41 GChemPaint chemical structure editor.
00:44 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
00:50 I have opened a new GChemPaint application.
00:54 Let us first add a six membered cycle to the Display area.
00:59 Click on Add a six membered cycle tool.
01:02 Click on the Display area.
01:04 Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool.
01:10 Add two bonds on every corner of the cycle.
01:14 Position the bonds in such a way that no two bonds touch each other.
01:19 To do so, click and drag the bonds to proper positions.
01:24 Let us display Carbon atoms on all the corners of the cycle.
01:28 Right click on any one of the corner.
01:31 A sub-menu appears.
01:33 Select Atom and then click on Display symbol.
01:36 Likewise, add Carbon atoms on all corners of the cycle.
01:42 To add Hydrogen atoms to the bonds, press H on the keyboard.
01:47 Click on Add or modify an atom tool.
01:51 Click on all the bond positions.
01:54 Again, see to it that no two Hydrogens overlap each other.
01:59 The obtained structure is (C6H12) Cyclohexane.
02:04 Let's copy and paste the structure.
02:07 Press Ctrl+A to select the structure.
02:10 Press Ctrl+C to copy and Ctrl+V to paste the structure.
02:15 Let us convert the second Cyclohexane structure to Cyclohexene.
02:19 Click on the Eraser tool.
02:22 Delete one Hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent carbon atoms.
02:27 Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool.
02:33 Then click on the bond between deleted Hydrogen bonds.
02:37 A double bond is formed.
02:40 The obtained structure is Cyclohexene(C6H10)
02:44 Let us convert Cyclohexene to Cyclohexadiene and then to Benzene.
02:51 Ensure that Current element is Carbon.
02:56 Click on the Eraser tool.
02:58 Delete one Hydrogen bond from each of the adjacent Carbon atoms.
03:03 Click on Add a bond or change the multiplicity of the existing one tool.
03:09 Then click on the bond between deleted Hydrogen bonds.
03:13 A second double bond is formed.
03:16 The obtained structure is Cyclohexadiene(C6H8).
03:22 Likewise let's repeat the process to form the third double bond.
03:28 The obtained structure is Benzene(C6H6)
03:33 As an assignment,
03:35 draw the structures of: * Cyclobutane and convert to Cyclobutadiene
03:39 Cyclopentane and convert to Cyclopentadiene
03:45 Your completed assignment should look like this.
03:49 Next let us learn about Benzene derivatives.
03:53 Functional groups can substitute Hydrogens in Benzene, to derive various chemical compounds
03:59 Functional groups that substitute Hydrogen are
04:02 fluoro(F), methyl(CH3),
04:04 nitro(NO2), hydroxy(OH) and others.
04:08 Let us copy and paste the Benzene structure twice, on the Display area.
04:13 Click on Select one or more objects tool to select the Benzene structure.
04:18 Press Ctrl+C to copy and press Ctrl+V twice to paste the structures.
04:24 Let's Substitute Hydrogen of the first Benzene structure with a Fluorine atom.
04:30 Press F on the keyboard.
04:32 Click on Add or modify an atom tool.
04:35 Click on Hydrogen to substitute it with Fluorine.
04:40 The obtained structure is Fluorobenzene.
04:44 Next let's substitute the Hydrogen of the second Benzene with a group of atoms.
04:50 Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool.
04:54 Click on any one of the Hydrogens.
04:57 Observe that Hydrogen is enclosed in a green box with a blinking cursor.
05:03 Let's substitute Hydrogen with a methyl group.
05:06 Remove Hydrogen and type capital C H and 3
05:12 Click anywhere on the Display area.
05:15 The obtained structure is Methyl benzene.
05:19 Let's substitute Hydrogen of the third Benzene with a nitro group.
05:24 Click on any one of the Hydrogens.
05:27 Remove Hydrogen and type capital N O 2
05:32 The obtained structure is Nitrobenzene.
05:36 Let's see Carbon positions in the Benzene ring.
05:40 Six Carbon atoms are numbered from 1 to 6 in Benzene.
05:45 All six positions are equivalent, before Hydrogen is substituted.
05:51 Electron density of the ring changes, when Hydrogen is substituted by a functional group.
05:57 Electron density is dependent on the Substituent.
06:01 A mono-substituted compound of Benzene can be substituted at positions:
06:06 1 and 4- as Para.
06:09 2 and 6- as Ortho.
06:12 3 and 5- as Meta.
06:15 Now let's substitute Methylbenzene structure with another methyl group.
06:20 Click on Add or modify a group of atoms tool.
06:24 Click on the second Hydrogen position of the ring.
06:28 To substitute Hydrogen in the green box with methyl group,
06:32 type capital C H 3.
06:35 The new structure obtained is ortho-Xylene.
06:39 Let's substitute Nitrobenzene with a Carboxy group.
06:44 Click on the fourth Hydrogen position of the ring.
06:48 To substitute Hydrogen in the green box with Carboxy group,
06:52 type capital C O O H
06:57 The new structure obtained is para-Nitrobenzoic acid.
07:02 Press Ctrl+Z to undo the process.
07:05 Substitute third Hydrogen position of Nitrobenzene with a nitro group.
07:11 Remove Hydrogen and type capital N O 2
07:17 The new structure obtained is meta-Dinitrobenzene.
07:22 Here is an assignment.
07:24 Draw seven Benzene structures. Substitute one of the Hydrogens of:
07:28 First Benzene with bromo.
07:30 Second Benzene with iodo.
07:32 Third Benzene with hydroxy.
07:34 Fourth Benzene with amino.
07:36 Fifth Benzene with ethyl.
07:39 Also substitute: * Two of the Hydrogens of the sixth Benzene with Chlorine atoms.
07:44 First and fourth Hydrogen positions of the seventh Benzene with Carboxy groups.
07:51 Your completed assignment should look like this.
07:55 Now, let's learn to merge two structures.
07:57 Let's open a new window.
08:00 Ensure that current element is Carbon.
08:04 Click on the Add a four membered cycle tool.
08:07 Click on the Display area twice.
08:10 Click on Select one or more objects tool.
08:14 Click on the second structure.
08:16 Drag it and place it close to the first structure
08:20 such that they touch each other.
08:23 Press Ctrl+A to select the structures.
08:26 Merge two molecules tool becomes active.
08:30 Click on Merge two molecules tool, to merge the molecules.
08:34 Drag the structures to observe merging.
08:38 Let's summarize what we have learnt.
08:41 In this tutorial, we have learnt to:
08:43 Convert Cyclohexane to Cyclohexene
08:46 Convert Cyclohexene to Benzene
08:49 Substitute Hydrogen of Benzene with fluoro, methyl, nitro and carboxy groups.
08:55 Merge two four membered cycles.
08:58 Here is an assignment:
09:00 Merge Two Benzene molecules
09:02 Two Pentane structures
09:04 Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane molecules.
09:08 Your completed assignment should look like this.
09:12 Watch the video available at this link.
09:15 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
09:19 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
09:23 The Spoken Tutorial Project Team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
09:27 Gives certificates to those who pass an on-line test.
09:31 For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org.
09:37 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project .
09:41 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
09:48 More information on this Mission is available at this link .
09:53 This is Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay signing off.
09:57 Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Ranjana, Sandhya.np14

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