Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C3/Special-Commands-in-KTurtle/English-timed"

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(Created page with '{|border =1 !Visual Cue !Narration |- ||Slide Number 1 Title slide || Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands''' in '''KTurtle.''' |- ||'''Slide Num…')
 
 
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{|border =1
 
{|border =1
−
!Visual Cue
+
|'''Time'''
−
!Narration
+
|'''Narration'''
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Slide Number 1
+
||00:01
 +
||Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands in KTurtle.'''
  
−
Title slide
+
|-
−
||
+
||00:08
−
Hello everybody.  
+
||In this tutorial, we will learn about:
 +
'''“learn”''' command and
 +
'''“random”''' command.
  
−
Welcome to this tutorial on '''Special Commands'''  in '''KTurtle.'''
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 2'''  
+
||00:15
 +
||To record this tutorial, I am using:
 +
'''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''12.04'''
 +
'''KTurtle''' version '''0.8.1 beta'''.
  
−
'''Learning Objectives'''
+
|-
−
||In this tutorial, we will learn about
+
||00:28
 +
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.
  
−
* '''“learn”''' command and
+
|-
 +
||00:33
 +
||If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org
  
−
* '''“random”''' Command
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 3'''  
+
||00:39
 +
||Let's open a new '''KTurtle Application'''.
  
−
'''System Requirement'''  
+
|-
−
||To record this tutorial I am using,
+
||00:42
 +
||Click on '''Dash home.'''
  
−
Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04.  
+
|-
 +
||00:44
 +
||In the '''Search bar''', type: "kturtle".  
  
−
KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||'''Slide Number 4'''  
+
||00:47
 +
||Click on the''' KTurtle''' icon.
  
−
'''Pre-requisites'''
 
−
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle
 
−
If not,
 
−
for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
 
−
http://spoken-tutorial.org
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Switch to KTurtle Application
+
||00:50
−
Dash home >>In the Search bar type KTurtle Click on the KTurtle icon.
+
||Let's first look at '''learn''' command.
−
||Let's open a new KTurtle Application.  
+
  
−
Click on Dash home. 
 
−
In the Search bar, type KTurtle.
 
−
Click on the KTurtle icon.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||00:53
−
||Let's first look at  “learn” command
+
||''' learn''' is a special '''command'''  as it is used to create your own commands.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Slide Number 5
+
||01:01
−
'''learn''' command
+
||'''learn''' command takes '''input''' and returns '''output'''.  
−
||''' learn''' is special command  as it is used to create your own commands.
+
 
−
'learn' Command you create can take input and return output.  
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Zoom text
+
||01:05
−
||I will zoom the program text to have a clear view.
+
||Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||01:10
−
Switch to Kturtle Window
+
||Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
−
repeat 4
+
 
−
{
+
|-
−
forward 10
+
||01:14
−
turnleft 90
+
||Let's type a code in the '''editor''' to draw a square:  
−
}
+
 
−
||
+
|-
−
Let us take a look at how a new command is created.
+
||01:19
−
Let's type a code in the editor to draw a square:  
+
||'''repeat 4''' within curly brackets
−
repeat 4 within curly brackets
+
 
{  
 
{  
−
forward 10  
+
'''forward 10'''
−
turnleft 90  
+
'''turnleft 90'''
 
}
 
}
−
here the number 10 specfies the length of the side of the square.
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight learn and square commands
+
||01:31
−
||Now let's learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the learn command.
+
||Here, the number '''10''' specifies the length of the side of the square.
−
We will name of this set of commands to draw a square as square.
+
 
−
The command 'learn' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt,
+
−
in this case it is a square.  
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Type the code
+
||01:37
−
Let's type the following code
+
||Now, let's learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the '''learn''' command.
  
−
learn space square $x
 
−
let's include the learn command within curly brackets
 
−
{
 
−
repeat 4
 
−
{
 
−
let's repace number 10 by $x
 
−
forward $x
 
−
turnleft 90
 
−
}
 
−
}
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|| Highlight square command
+
||01:45
−
||New command that we have defined  is called square.
+
||We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as '''square'''.  
−
square takes one input argument, $x to set the size of the square.
+
 
−
Note that when you run this  code, square returns no output.
+
−
The command learn is just 'learning' the other command square to be used later.  
+
−
square command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Type the code
+
||01:50
−
||
+
||The command ''''learn'''' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is  "square".
−
Let me add few more lines here.
+
 
−
Let's type
+
−
Type the code
+
−
learn square $x
+
−
{
+
−
repeat 4
+
−
{
+
−
forward $x
+
−
turnleft 90
+
−
}
+
−
}
+
−
go 200,200
+
−
square 100
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Run the code
+
||01:59
−
||Let's click on Run code  
+
||Let us type the following code:
−
Turtle draws a square on the canvas.
+
 
−
The command square can be used any where any number of times in the program.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Replace 100 by 50.
+
||02:02
 +
||'''learn''' space '''square''' space '''$x'''.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:10
 +
||Let's include curly brackets.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:13
 +
||Let's replace '''10''' by '''$x'''.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:19
 +
||New command that we have defined  is called '''square.'''
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:23
 +
||'''square''' takes one input argument, '''$x''', to set the size of the square.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:31
 +
||Note that when you '''run''' this  code,''' square''' returns no output.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:37
 +
||The command '''learn''' is just 'learning' other command ''' square''', to be used later.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:43
 +
||'''square''' command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:51
 +
||Let me add few more lines here.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||02:54
 +
||Let's type: '''go 200,200'''  '''square 100'''
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||03:04
 +
||Using the command '''square 100''', Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||03:11
 +
||Let's '''Run''' the code now.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||03:13
 +
||'''Turtle''' draws a square on the canvas.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||03:17
 
||Let's  now replace 100 by 50.
 
||Let's  now replace 100 by 50.
 +
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Run code
+
||03:22
−
||Let's run again
+
||Let's '''run''' again,'''Turtle''' draws another '''square''' with dimension 50.
−
Turtle draws an another square with dimension 50.
+
 
−
Please note that this command can be used only within the scope of this program
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||03:28
 +
||Please note that this '''command''' can be used only within the scope of this program.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||03:35
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.
 
||I will clear the current code from editor.
−
Type “clear” command and Run to clean the canvas.
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||03:38
−
||Next we will  learn about “random” command.
+
||Type '''"clear"''' command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Slide Number 6
+
||03:44
−
"random" command
+
||Next, we will  learn about '''“random”''' command.
−
||
+
 
−
“random” command takes input and gives output.  
+
−
Syntax for this command is “random X,Y”
+
−
where X and Y are two inputs.
+
−
X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum.
+
−
Output is a randomly chosen number between X and Y.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||03:48
−
||
+
||'''random''' command takes input and returns output.  
−
Let's put the “random” command to use in the application.  
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||03:52
−
||
+
||Syntax for the random command is: '''“random X,Y”'''
−
I already have the code in a text editor.
+
 
−
Let me explain the code.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight reset
+
||03:57
−
||“reset” command sets Turtle to default position
+
||where X and Y are two inputs.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight  random 1,20
+
||04:01
−
||Here, the command random 1,20 selects a random number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or lesser than 20,
+
||X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
−
and assigns it to the variable x.
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight repeat 36
+
||04:07
−
{
+
||Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.
−
forward $x
+
 
−
turnleft 10
+
−
}
+
−
||The repeat command and the commands within curly brackets draw a circle
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||reset
+
||04:13
−
$x=random 1,20
+
||Let's put the “random” command to use in the '''application'''.  
−
repeat 36
+
 
−
{
+
−
forward $x
+
−
turnleft 10
+
−
}
+
−
||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
+
−
Pause the tutorial and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
+
−
Resume the tutorial after typing the program
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||04:18
−
Run the code
+
||I already have a code in a text-editor.
−
||When we run this code,
+
 
−
Turtle draws a circle which is  between 1 and 20  on the canvas.
+
−
Let us execute this code a few times,
+
−
and you can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.  
+
−
Every time you exceute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||04:22
−
||
+
||I will explain the code now.
−
Let us now use both the learn and random commands in an example.  
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||clear current code
+
||04:24
−
||I will clear the current code and run to clean the canvas.
+
||'''“reset”''' command sets '''Turtle''' to default position.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||04:29
−
||I already have a code in the Text editor.
+
||Here, the command '''random 1,20''' selects a number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.  
−
I will explain the code.
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||04:44
−
Highlight reset
+
||'''repeat''' command and the commands  within curly brackets draw a circle.
−
||“reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight canvassize 300,300
+
||04:51
−
||'canvassize 300,300' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.  
+
||I will '''copy''' the code from text editor and '''paste''' it into '''KTurtle's''' editor.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight $R, $G, and $B
+
||04:58
−
||$R, $G, and $B are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.  
+
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your '''KTurtle''' editor.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight 'canvascolor $R,$G,$B' ,
+
||05:03
−
||In the command 'canvascolor $R,$G,$B' ,
+
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
−
the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the variables R, G, and B in the previous step.  
+
 
−
The canvas color is randomly  set  when this command is executed.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight $red, $green and $blue
+
||05:08
−
||$red, $blue, $green are another set of variables
+
||When we '''run''' this code,  
−
to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.
+
−
'pencolor  $red, $green, $blue' the Red-Green-Blue combination values are replaced by the variables
+
  
−
$red, $green and $blue to which random values were assigned
 
−
in the previous step.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight pencolor $red,$blue,$green
+
||05:10
−
||The color of the pen is also set randomly when the command is executed.  
+
||'''Turtle''' draws a  circle with radius  between 1 and 20  on the canvas.  
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight penwidth 2
+
||05:16
−
||'penwidth 2' sets the width of the pen to 2 pixels.  
+
||Let us execute this code a few times.
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||code to a circle
+
||05:20
−
|| Next I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.
+
||You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.  
−
Here $x represents the size of the circle.  
+
 
−
The '''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Highlight go commands and circle commands
+
||05:26
−
||
+
||Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.  
−
The next set of commands i.e the go commands
+
 
−
followed by the circle commands draws circles with the specified sizes.  
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Example circle
+
||05:33
−
||For example:
+
||Let us now use both  '''learn''' and '''random''' commands in an example.  
−
“ circle 5” draws a circle of size 5
+
 
−
at the co-ordinates X and Y specified in the go command.  
+
−
For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||reset
+
||05:39
−
canvassize 300,300
+
||I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and '''Run''' to clean the canvas.
−
$R= random 0,255
+
 
−
$G=random 0,255
+
−
$B=random 0,255
+
−
canvascolor $R,$G,$B
+
−
$red=random 0,255
+
−
$blue=random 0,255
+
−
$green=random 0,255
+
−
pencolor $red,$blue,$green
+
−
penwidth 2
+
−
learn circle $x{
+
−
repeat 36{
+
−
forward $x
+
−
turnleft 10
+
−
}
+
−
}
+
−
go 85,85
+
−
circle 5
+
−
go 115,115
+
−
circle 5
+
−
go 145,145
+
−
circle 5
+
−
go 190,190
+
−
circle 5
+
−
go 220,220
+
−
circle 10
+
−
go 0,0
+
−
||
+
−
I will copy this code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
+
−
Pause the tutorial and type the program into ypur KTurtle editor.
+
−
Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Exetecute code
+
||05:48
−
I will exetecute this  code in Fullspeed.
+
||I already have a program in the Text-editor.
−
You can execute your code at any of the speeds specified in the Run option.  
+
 
−
I will run this code few more times.
+
−
You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.
+
−
Note the change in the color of the pen and the canvas on each execution.
+
−
You can execute the code how many ever times you want and  note the change in the randomly set values.
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||
+
||05:52
−
||
+
||I will explain the code now.
−
Withthis we come to the end of this tutorial.
+
 
−
Let's summarize
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Summary
+
||05:55
−
||In this tutorial we have learnt about,
+
||'''“reset”''' command sets Turtle to its default position.
  
−
“learn” command  and
 
−
“random” command.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Switch to Slide 6
+
||06:00
 +
||'''canvassize 300,300''' sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.
  
−
Switch to KTurtle Window & Show Assignment
+
|-
 +
||06:09
 +
||'''$R, $G''' and '''$B''' are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||06:19
 +
||In the command '''canvascolor $R, $G''' and '''$B''',
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||06:23
 +
||the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the  variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||06:34
 +
||The canvas color is randomly  set when this command is executed.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||06:41
 +
||'''$red, $blue, $green''' are another set of variables
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||06:45
 +
||to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||06:53
 +
||'''pencolor  $red, $blue''' and '''$green''' the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:02
 +
||'''$red''', '''$green''' and '''$blue''' to which random values were assigned in the previous step.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:10
 +
||The color of the '''pen''' is also set randomly when the command is executed.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:18
 +
||'''penwidth 2''' sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:25
 +
||Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:30
 +
||Here '''$x''' represents the size of the circle.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:35
 +
||'''repeat''' command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
 +
 
 +
|-     
 +
||07:43
 +
||The next set of commands, that is,  '''go''' command followed by '''circle''' command draw circles with the specified sizes.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||07:54
 +
||For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:01
 +
||at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the '''go''' command.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:09
 +
||For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:16
 +
||I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:23
 +
||Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:29
 +
||Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:33
 +
||I will execute this code in''' Fullspeed'''.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:37
 +
||You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the ''' Run''' option.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:43
 +
||I will '''run''' this code a few times.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:46
 +
||You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||08:54
 +
||Note the change in the color of the '''pen''' and the '''canvas''' on each execution.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||09:01
 +
||You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes  in the randomly set values of the '''pen''' and '''canvas'''.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||09:15
 +
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||09:20
 +
||Let's summarize.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||09:22
 +
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command  and “random” command.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||09:30
 
||As an assignment for you to solve,  
 
||As an assignment for you to solve,  
  
−
Using the learn command,
 
−
draw a pentagon, a square, a rectangle, a hexagon on the four corners of your canvas
 
−
and a circle at the centre of the canvas.
 
−
Using the “random” command create various colors and customize your geometric shapes and canvas.
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Slide number 11
+
||09:32
−
Acknowledgement
+
||using  '''learn''' command- draw a  
−
||Watch the video available at this URL
+
pentagon
−
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial
+
square
−
It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
+
rectangle
−
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
+
hexagon
 +
on all four corners of your canvas and
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Slide Number 12
+
||09:45
−
||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
+
||a circle at the centre of the canvas.
−
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
+
 
−
Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
+
−
For more details, please write to
+
−
contact@spoken-tutorial.org
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
||Slide number 13
+
||09:49
−
||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
+
||Using the “random” command, create various colors and
−
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
+
−
More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]
+
  
−
The script is contributed by IT for change, Bangaluru.
+
|-
−
This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining.  
+
||09:55
 +
||customize your geometric shapes and canvas.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:00
 +
||Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:04
 +
||It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:08
 +
||If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:13
 +
||The Spoken Tutorial Project team :
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:15
 +
||Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:19
 +
||Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:22
 +
||For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:29
 +
||'''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:33
 +
||It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:40
 +
||More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro 
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:46
 +
||This script is contributed by '''IT for change, Bangaluru.'''
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
||10:50
 +
||This is Madhuri Ganpathi from '''IIT Bombay''', signing off. Thank you for joining.  
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 17:31, 24 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on Special Commands in KTurtle.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will learn about:

“learn” command and “random” command.

00:15 To record this tutorial, I am using:

Ubuntu Linux OS version 12.04 KTurtle version 0.8.1 beta.

00:28 We assume that you have basic working knowledge of 'KTurtle'.
00:33 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website:http://spoken-tutorial.org
00:39 Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
00:42 Click on Dash home.
00:44 In the Search bar, type: "kturtle".
00:47 Click on the KTurtle icon.
00:50 Let's first look at learn command.
00:53 learn is a special command as it is used to create your own commands.
01:01 learn command takes input and returns output.
01:05 Let's take a look at how a new command is created.
01:10 Let me zoom the program text to have a clear view.
01:14 Let's type a code in the editor to draw a square:
01:19 repeat 4 within curly brackets

{ forward 10 turnleft 90 }

01:31 Here, the number 10 specifies the length of the side of the square.
01:37 Now, let's learn the commands involved to draw a square, using the learn command.
01:45 We will name this set of commands, to draw a square, as square.
01:50 The command 'learn' is followed by the name of the command to be learnt. In this case, it is "square".
01:59 Let us type the following code:
02:02 learn space square space $x.
02:10 Let's include curly brackets.
02:13 Let's replace 10 by $x.
02:19 New command that we have defined is called square.
02:23 square takes one input argument, $x, to set the size of the square.
02:31 Note that when you run this code, square returns no output.
02:37 The command learn is just 'learning' other command square, to be used later.
02:43 square command can now be used like a normal command in the rest of the code.
02:51 Let me add few more lines here.
02:54 Let's type: go 200,200 square 100
03:04 Using the command square 100, Turtle draws a square of dimension 100.
03:11 Let's Run the code now.
03:13 Turtle draws a square on the canvas.
03:17 Let's now replace 100 by 50.
03:22 Let's run again,Turtle draws another square with dimension 50.
03:28 Please note that this command can be used only within the scope of this program.
03:35 I will clear the current code from editor.
03:38 Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
03:44 Next, we will learn about “random” command.
03:48 random command takes input and returns output.
03:52 Syntax for the random command is: “random X,Y”
03:57 where X and Y are two inputs.
04:01 X sets minimum output and Y sets maximum output.
04:07 Output is randomly chosen number between X and Y.
04:13 Let's put the “random” command to use in the application.
04:18 I already have a code in a text-editor.
04:22 I will explain the code now.
04:24 “reset” command sets Turtle to default position.
04:29 Here, the command random 1,20 selects a number which is equal or greater than 1 and equal or less than 20 and assigns it to the variable 'x'.
04:44 repeat command and the commands within curly brackets draw a circle.
04:51 I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
04:58 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
05:03 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
05:08 When we run this code,
05:10 Turtle draws a circle with radius between 1 and 20 on the canvas.
05:16 Let us execute this code a few times.
05:20 You can see that a circle with a different size is generated each time.
05:26 Every time you execute this code, a circle with a different radius is drawn on the canvas.
05:33 Let us now use both learn and random commands in an example.
05:39 I will clear the current code from the editor. Type "clear" command and Run to clean the canvas.
05:48 I already have a program in the Text-editor.
05:52 I will explain the code now.
05:55 “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position.
06:00 canvassize 300,300 sets the width and height of the canvas to 300 pixels each.
06:09 $R, $G and $B are three variables to which I am assigning random values between 0 and 255.
06:19 In the command canvascolor $R, $G and $B,
06:23 the Red-Green-Blue combination is replaced by the values assigned to the variables 'R', 'G' and 'B' in the previous step.
06:34 The canvas color is randomly set when this command is executed.
06:41 $red, $blue, $green are another set of variables
06:45 to which random values between 0 and 255 are assigned randomly.
06:53 pencolor $red, $blue and $green the Red-Blue-Green combination values are replaced by the variables.
07:02 $red, $green and $blue to which random values were assigned in the previous step.
07:10 The color of the pen is also set randomly when the command is executed.
07:18 penwidth 2 sets the width of pen to 2 pixels.
07:25 Next, I have entered the code to learn to draw a circle.
07:30 Here $x represents the size of the circle.
07:35 repeat command followed by the code in curly brackets draws a circle.
07:43 The next set of commands, that is, go command followed by circle command draw circles with the specified sizes.
07:54 For example: circle with size 5, draws a circle with size 5
08:01 at the co-ordinates specified at 'X' and 'Y' positions, in the go command.
08:09 For each circle, I have specified different positions on the canvas.
08:16 I will copy the code from text-editor and paste it into KTurtle's editor.
08:23 Pause the tutorial here and type the program into your KTurtle editor.
08:29 Resume the tutorial after typing the program.
08:33 I will execute this code in Fullspeed.
08:37 You can execute this code at any of the speeds specified in the Run option.
08:43 I will run this code a few times.
08:46 You can see the difference in randomly set values of pen color and canvas color.
08:54 Note the change in the color of the pen and the canvas on each execution.
09:01 You can execute the code how many ever times you want and note the changes in the randomly set values of the pen and canvas.
09:15 With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
09:20 Let's summarize.
09:22 In this tutorial, we have learnt about: “learn” command and “random” command.
09:30 As an assignment for you to solve,
09:32 using learn command- draw a

pentagon square rectangle hexagon on all four corners of your canvas and

09:45 a circle at the centre of the canvas.
09:49 Using the “random” command, create various colors and
09:55 customize your geometric shapes and canvas.
10:00 Watch the video available at this URL:http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken-Tutorial
10:04 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:08 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:13 The Spoken Tutorial Project team :
10:15 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
10:19 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
10:22 For more details, please write to: contact@spoken-tutorial.org
10:29 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
10:33 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:40 More information on this mission is available at this link: http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro
10:46 This script is contributed by IT for change, Bangaluru.
10:50 This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Krupali, Madhurig, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Pravin1389, Sandhya.np14, Sneha

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