Difference between revisions of "Linux/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration/English-timed"

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!Time  

!Narration  

| 00:02

| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Basics of System Administration''' in '''Linux'''.  

| 00:09

| In this tutorial, we will learn the following.

| 00:13

| adduser su

| 00:16

| usermod userdel

| 00:18

| id du

| 00:20

| df

| 00:22

| I am using '''Ubuntu 10.10''' for this tutorial.

| 00:27

| As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on '''General Purpose Utilities in Linux'''

| 00:35

| which is available on this website.

| 00:39

| One must have "admin" access in order to execute the commands shown.

| 00:47

| Let us first learn how to create a new user.

| 00:53

| The "adduser" command will create a new user login for us along with authentication.

| 01:01

| We can add any user account with the help of “sudo” command.

| 01:06

| Let me give you a brief explanation about the “sudo” command.

| 01:11

| "Sudo" command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a '''super''' user.

| 01:19

| The "sudo" command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial.

| 01:27

| Lets now learn how to create a “New User”.

| 01:32

| Open the “Terminal” by pressing the keys “Ctrl, Alt and t” simultaneously on your keyboard.

| 01:45

| I have already invoked the “Terminal” here.

| 01:49

| Here, type the command “sudo space adduser” and press Enter.

| 01:58

| You will be prompted for a password.

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| I will give the “Admin” password here and Enter.

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| The typed password on the terminal is not visible.

| 02:11

| So we have to type the password carefully.

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| Once done, a message “adduser: Only one or two names allowed” is displayed.

| 02:27

| So, let us create a new user account named “duck”.

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| Type the command:  

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| '''sudo space adduser space duck''' and press Enter.

| 02:45

| We have created a new user called “duck”.

| 02:49

| In the process of creating a new user, a separate “home” directory for that user has also been created.  

| 02:58

| Please note that we will be prompted for a new password for the user “duck”.

| 03:05

| Type the password of your choice. In my case, I am going to type “duck” as the password and press Enter.

| 03:17

| Please type the new password again.

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| The password is asked twice for security reasons and for confirmation.

| 03:26

| Now our password for the new user is updated.

| 03:31

| We will be asked for other details too.

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| But for the time being, I will enter only the “Full Name” as “duck” and leave the rest of the details blank by pressing the Enter key.

| 03:46

| Enter. I will confirm this by entering “y”.

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| This is to confirm that all the information is correct.

| 03:55

| Let us now check if the user account has been created.

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| To do this, please type at the command prompt:

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| “ls space /(slash) home”

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| and press Enter.

| 04:11

| To show the list of users in the home folder, “ls” command is used.

| 04:17

| And here is our newly created user named “duck”.

| 04:23

| Let me switch back to the slides.

| 04:26

| Now, the next command is the “su”,

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| “su” stands for “Switch User”.

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| This command is useful for switching from the current user to another user.

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| Let us go to the Terminal now.

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| Enter the command:

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| “su space hyphen space duck” on the “Terminal” and press Enter.  

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| You will be prompted for a password.

| 04:56

| I shall type the user “duck's” password here. Please recall that it was “duck” itself.

| 05:04

| Please notice that, the Terminal switches from the previous user to the new user which is “duck” in our case.

| 05:14

| To logout from this user, type

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| “logout” and hit Enter.

| 05:22

| Now the terminal logs out from the current user “duck” and comes back to the previous user account which is “vinhai” in our case.

| 05:31

| Let us learn about the “usermod” command.

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| The “usermod” command

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| enables a '''super''' user or '''root''' user to modify the settings of other user accounts such as:

| 05:46

| Change the password to no password or empty password.

| 05:50

| Show the date on which the user account will be disabled.

| 05:55

| Let us try this command and see.

| 05:57

| Let me switch to the terminal now.

| 05:59

| Let me show you how to set a date of expiry for the user account "duck".

| 06:05

| Here, at the command prompt, type:

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| '''sudo space usermod space -(hyphen)e space 2012-(hyphen)12-(hyphen)27 space duck'''

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| and press Enter.

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| The user account expiry date is set as mentioned in the command here with the help of the option “-e”.

| 06:46

| Now you have set an expiry date for the user account “duck”.

| 06:52

| Let us now talk about the “uid” and “gid” commands.

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| “id – command” is used to check the identities of all the users and groups.

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| To know about the identity of the user, we use “id space -(hyphen)u”.

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| To know about the identity of the group users, it is “id space -(hyphen)g”

| 07:20

| Now lets work on this.

| 07:22

| At the terminal, let us type

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| “id” and press Enter.

| 07:29

| Now we can see the User IDs and Group IDs on the system that we are using.

| 07:37

| To get only the user id, we use “-(hyphen)u” option.

| 07:43

| Let us type the command, “id space -(hyphen)u”

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| and press Enter. Now we can see only the 'ids' of the users.

| 07:55

| But what if we need to know the names of the users?

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| To find that out, we will type

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| “id space -(hyphen)n space -(hyphen)u” on the terminal here and press Enter.

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| Now we can see the names of the users instead of their ids.

| 08:20

| Let us now learn the commands for Group IDs.

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| Lets type “ id space -(hyphen)g”.

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| Here we can see the group ids.

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| If we want to view all the current user's group IDs, type:

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| “id space -(hyphen) (capital)G” and press Enter.  

| 08:46

| Please notice that I have typed G in capital letter.

| 08:50

| See the result for yourself.

| 08:53

| Now let us learn how to delete a user account.

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| For this we use “userdel” command.

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| We can delete an user account permanently with the help of the “userdel” command.

| 09:07

| Let's try this on the terminal.

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| Here, type: “sudo space userdel space -(hyphen)r space duck”.

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| I have used the "-(hyphen)r" option.

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| This is to remove the '''user''' along with his '''home directory'''.

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| Let us press Enter and see what happens.

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| Now the user “duck” has been deleted.

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| Check this by typing:  

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| “ls space /(slash)home” and press  Enter.

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| We will find that the user account “duck” has been deleted.

| 09:53

| Let me go back to the slides now.

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| Some of the useful commands in Linux System Administration are “df” and “du”.

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| The “df” command gives a report on the free space available on the disk.

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| And the “du” command gives a report on how much space a file has occupied.

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| Please try these two commands and find the output for yourself as an assignment.

| 10:19

| Let us shift to the terminal. I shall show you a few useful options used with the “df” command.

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| Please type: '''df space -(hyphen)h''' and press Enter.

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| Here, it shows the size of the Filesystem, and the space used.

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| It also shows the space mounted on in a human readable format.

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| Let us now try some options with the “du” command.

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| At this point I assume that you have created some text files in your home folder.

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| If not, please refer to the tutorial on “General Purpose Utilities in Linux”.

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| I have already created some text files in my '''home directory''' to execute the commands.

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| Go to “home folder” on the terminal by typing

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| “cd space /(slash) home” and press Enter.

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| Then type: du space -(hyphen)s space *. (asterisk dot) txt and press enter.

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| This command will give you a report on the 'txt files' available in the directory along with its file sizes.

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| As an assignment, at the command prompt please type:  

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| “du space -(hyphen)ch space *.(asterisk dot)txt” and see what happens.

| 11:59

| Let me go back to the slides.

| 12:01

| To summarize, we have learnt:

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| “adduser” command to create a new user.

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| “su” command to switch from one user to another user.

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| “usermod” command to change the user account settings.

| 12:12

| “userdel” command to delete the user account.

| 12:15

| "id" command to know the information about user ids and group ids.

| 12:20

| “df” command to check the file system size and its availability.

| 12:24

| “du” command to check the space occupied by a file.

| 12:27

| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on “Basics of system administration”.

| 12.33

| The video available at this url,

| 12:37

| Summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.  

| 12:40

| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.  

| 12:44

| We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials. We also give certificates to those who pass an online test. Please contact us for more details.

| 12:53

| Spoken Tutorial is a part of the “Talk to a Teacher” project Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India.  

| 13:03  

| More information is available on this url.

| 13:08

| This script has been contributed by ----------------------(name of the translator)  

| 13:12

| and this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off. Thanks for watching.