Difference between revisions of "BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English-timed"

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|-
 
|-
 
|  00:01
 
|  00:01
|  Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' HERE document and strings'''
+
|  Dear friends, welcome to the '''spoken tutorial''' on''' HERE document and strings'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  00:11
 
|  00:11
| * special-purpose redirection called '''Here documents '''and '''Here strings'''
+
| special-purpose redirection called '''Here documents '''and '''Here strings'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:17
 
|  00:17
| * With the help of some examples  
+
| with the help of some examples.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:20
 
| 00:20
|  To follow this tutorial you should have knowledge of '''Shell Scripting''' in''' BASH.'''
+
|  To follow this tutorial, you should have knowledge of '''Shell Scripting''' in''' BASH.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:26
 
|  00:26
|If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown,'''(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org)'''
+
|If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown. http://www.spoken-tutorial.org
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:32
 
| 00:32
|  For this tutorial I am using''' '''
+
|  For this tutorial, I am using:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:34
 
|  00:34
|* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System  
+
|'''Ubuntu Linux''' 12.04''' '''Operating System  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:39
 
|  00:39
|* '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2
+
|'''GNU BASH''' version 4.2
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:42
 
|  00:42
|Please note,''' GNU Bash''' '''version 4''' or above is recommended for practice.
+
|Please note,''' GNU Bash''' version 4 or above is recommended for practice.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:49
 
| 00:49
|  Let us learn about '''Here document'''.
+
|  Let us learn about ''''Here' document'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:52
 
|  00:52
|* It is a special-purpose block of text or code.  
+
|It is a special purpose '''block''' of '''text''' or '''code'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  00:56
 
|  00:56
|* It is a form of I/O redirect.
+
| It is a form of '''I/O redirect'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:00
 
|  01:00
|* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line.
+
|It feeds a command list to an interactive program or '''command line'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:06
 
|  01:06
|* It can be treated as a separate file.
+
|It can be treated as a separate file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:10
 
|  01:10
|* It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to a shell script.
+
|It can also be treated as multiple line '''input''' redirected to a '''shell script'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:17
 
| 01:17
|  Syntax is,
+
|  Syntax is-'''command space less than less than space HERE'''.
 
+
|-
+
|  01:18
+
|'''command space less than less than space HERE'''.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:24
 
|  01:24
|After this on the next line, we can give the text inputs.  
+
|After this, on the next line, we can give the '''text input'''s.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  01:33
 
|  01:33
|Here, '''text1, text2, textN''' are the text inputs.
+
|Here, '''text1, text2, textN''' are the '''text input'''s.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  01:53
 
|  01:53
|I will open a file named '''here dot sh '''
+
|I will open a file named '''here dot sh '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  02:04
 
|  02:04
|  Let me put a block of code after this line.
+
|  Let me put a '''block''' of '''code''' after this line.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:09
 
| 02:09
| wc represents word count  
+
| 'wc' represents '''word count'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:12
 
| 02:12
| '''wc hyphen w counts the number of words in the '''HERE''' document
+
| '''wc hyphen w''' counts the number of words in the '''HERE''' document.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:20
 
| 02:20
|The block of code or text until the second occurance of '''HERE''' will be treated as a file  
+
|The '''block''' of code or '''text''' until the second occurrence of '''HERE''' will be treated as a file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:28
 
| 02:28
|The content present in '''HERE''' document is an input to the command '''wc hyphen w'''
+
|The content present in '''HERE''' '''document''' is an '''input''' to the command '''wc hyphen w'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:36
 
| 02:36
|  '''HERE''' acts as a delimiter for '''wc hyphen w''' command while reading multi-line input.
+
|  '''HERE''' acts as a '''delimiter''' for '''wc hyphen w''' command while reading '''multi-line input'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  02:47
 
|  02:47
|If we try to execute the same command in the '''terminal''', we should get ''''4'''' as an output.
+
|If we try to '''execute''' the same command in the '''terminal''', we should get '4' as an output.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  02:55
 
|  02:55
|This is because we have passed four words to the command ''''wc hyphen w''''.  
+
|This is because we have passed four words to the command '''wc hyphen w'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  03:03
 
|  03:03
|Now click on '''Save''' to save the file.
+
|Now click on '''Save''' to '''save''' the file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  03:24
 
|  03:24
|Type '''dot slash here dot sh'''
+
|Type: '''dot slash here dot sh'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:30
 
| 03:30
|  We can see the output as '''4.'''
+
|  We can see the output as '''4'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  03:33
 
|  03:33
|That is, number of words in '''Here document '''is '''4.'''
+
|that is, number of words in ''''Here' document '''is 4.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:38
 
| 03:38
|  Come back to the program.
+
|  Come back to our program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  03:41
 
|  03:41
|Let us add two more words here at the beginning of the text.
+
|Let us add two more words here, at the beginning of the text.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:47   
 
| 03:47   
|'''Hello and welcome to Bash learning'''
+
|'''Hello and welcome to Bash learning'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  03:54
 
|  03:54
|Let us execute the program again.
+
|Let us '''execute''' the program again.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:57
 
| 03:57
|  On the '''terminal, type '''dot slash here dot sh'''
+
|  On the '''terminal''', type: dot slash here dot sh'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  04:13
 
|  04:13
|  We can also pass an argument to the '''Here document.'''
+
|  We can also pass an '''argument''' to the '''Here''' document.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  04:22
 
|  04:22
|Let me open a file named '''hereoutput dot sh'''
+
|Let me open a file named '''hereoutput dot sh'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:28
 
| 04:28
|  The command '''cat''' will concatenate files and print the standard output.
+
|  The command '''cat''' will concatenate files and '''print''' the '''standard output'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:35
 
| 04:35
|  Note that we have used the string '''this''' instead of '''HERE.'''
+
|  Note that we have used the '''string''' '''"this" ''' instead of '''"HERE".'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  04:47
 
|  04:47
|You can use any other delimiter also.
+
|You can use any other '''delimiter''' also.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 04:51
 
| 04:51
|  This line will display the '''0th (zeroeth) argument'''.
+
|  This line will display the 0th (zeroth) '''argument'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:55
 
|  04:55
|The '''0th (zeroeth) argument''', by default, is the '''filename'''.
+
|The 0th (zeroth) '''argument''', by default, is the '''filename'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:00
 
|  05:00
|  This line will display the '''1st argument''' passed to the program.
+
|  This line will display the 1st '''argument''' passed to the program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:05
 
|  05:05
|  And this line will display the '''2nd argument''' passed to the program.
+
|  And this line will display the 2nd '''argument''' passed to the program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:09
 
|  05:09
|  Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter, '''this.'''
+
|  Here we have to close the '''document''' using the same '''delimiter''' '''this.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:17
 
|  05:17
|  Save the file.
+
'''Save''' the file. Let us now '''execute''' the program.
 
+
|-
+
|  05:18
+
Let us now execute the program.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:21
 
|  05:21
|On the '''terminal''' type: '''chmod space plus x space hereoutput dot sh'''
+
|On the '''terminal''', type: '''chmod space plus x space hereoutput dot sh'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  05:32
 
|  05:32
|Type '''dot slash hereoutput dot sh space Sunday space Monday'''
+
|Type: '''dot slash hereoutput dot sh space Sunday space Monday'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:40
 
|  05:40
|  The output is dispalyed as:
+
|  The '''output''' is displayed as:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:43
 
|  05:43
|'''0'th argument is: dot salsh hereoutput dot sh ''' which is the '''filename.'''
+
|'''"0'th argument is: dot salsh hereoutput dot sh" ''' which is the '''filename.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:49
 
|  05:49
|'''1st argument is: Sunday'''
+
|'''"1st argument is: Sunday"'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:51
 
|  05:51
|'''2nd argument is: Monday '''
+
|'''"2nd argument is: Monday" '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 05:55
 
| 05:55
|  Let us learn about '''Here string''' now.
+
|  Let us learn about''' "Here" string''' now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:59
 
|  05:59
|* '''Here string '''is used for input redirection from text or a variable.
+
|'''Here''' string is used for '''input redirection''' from '''text''' or a '''variable'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  06:06
 
|  06:06
|* The input is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.
+
|The '''input''' is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:12
 
| 06:12
|  The syntax is, '''command space three less than symbols space''' within single quotes write '''string'''
+
|  The syntax is- '''command''' space three 'less than symbols' space within single quotes write '''string'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  06:22
 
|  06:22
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|-
 
|-
 
|  06:25
 
|  06:25
|I will open the same file '''here dot sh'''
+
|I will open the same file '''here dot sh'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:30
 
| 06:30
|  Here at the end, I will type: '''wc space hyphen w three less than symbols space''' within single quotes '''Welcome to Bash learning'''
+
|  Here at the end, I will type: '''wc space hyphen w''' three less than symbols space within single quotes '''Welcome to Bash learning'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  06:44
 
|  06:44
|This will redirect the string within quotes to the command '''wc hyphen w.'''
+
|This will '''redirect''' the '''string''' within quotes to the command '''wc hyphen w.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  06:52
 
|  06:52
|Now Click on '''Save '''to save the changes.
+
|Now click on '''Save '''to '''save''' the changes.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 06:58
 
| 06:58
|  Now type: '''dot slash here dot sh'''
+
|  Now type: '''dot slash here dot sh'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:03
 
|  07:03
|  We can see the output as '''6''' and '''4'''
+
|  We can see the output as '''6''' and '''4'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:08
 
|  07:08
|Number of words in '''here document''' is '''6''' and number of words in '''here string''' is''' 4.'''
+
|Number of words in '''here''' document is 6 and number of words in '''here''' string is 4.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:15
 
|  07:15
|  Likewise, you can write your own '''Here strings.'''
+
|  Likewise, you can write your own '''Here''' strings.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 07:23   
 
| 07:23   
|Let us summarise.  
+
|Let us summarize.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:25
 
|  07:25
|In this tutorial we learnt about
+
|In this tutorial, we learnt about:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:27
 
|  07:27
|* '''HERE document'''
+
|'''HERE''' document
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:29
 
|  07:29
|* '''HERE string'''  
+
|'''HERE''' string.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 07:31
 
| 07:31
|  As an assignment, convert a string to uppercase using:
+
|  As an assignment, convert a '''string''' to uppercase using:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:36
 
|  07:36
|* '''Here document'''
+
|'''Here document''''''Here string'''.
 
+
|-
+
|  07:37
+
|* '''Here string'''
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  07:47
 
|  07:47
|This is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case.
+
|This is the '''command''' to convert characters from lower to upper case.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  07:57
 
|  07:57
|It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
+
|It summarizes the Spoken-Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:06
 
| 08:06
|  The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
+
|  The Spoken Tutorial project team:  Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  08:12
 
|  08:12
| Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
+
| Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:25
 
| 08:25
|  Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
+
'''Spoken Tutorial''' Project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  08:38
 
|  08:38
|More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below ''' http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro'''
+
|More information on this mission is available at the link shown below.
 +
''' http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  08:50
 
|  08:50
|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay. Signing off
+
|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
  
 
|-
 
|-

Latest revision as of 17:24, 23 March 2017

Time Narration
00:01 Dear friends, welcome to the spoken tutorial on HERE document and strings.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will learn about
00:11 special-purpose redirection called Here documents and Here strings
00:17 with the help of some examples.
00:20 To follow this tutorial, you should have knowledge of Shell Scripting in BASH.
00:26 If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website which is as shown. http://www.spoken-tutorial.org
00:32 For this tutorial, I am using:
00:34 Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System
00:39 GNU BASH version 4.2
00:42 Please note, GNU Bash version 4 or above is recommended for practice.
00:49 Let us learn about 'Here' document.
00:52 It is a special purpose block of text or code.
00:56 It is a form of I/O redirect.
01:00 It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line.
01:06 It can be treated as a separate file.
01:10 It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to a shell script.
01:17 Syntax is-command space less than less than space HERE.
01:24 After this, on the next line, we can give the text inputs.
01:29 It can consist of any number of lines.
01:33 Here, text1, text2, textN are the text inputs.
01:40 After the text inputs, on the next line, we type the keyword HERE again.
01:46 It denotes the closing of HERE document.
01:50 Let us understand this with an example.
01:53 I will open a file named here dot sh .
01:59 The first line of code is the shebang line.
02:04 Let me put a block of code after this line.
02:09 'wc' represents word count.
02:12 wc hyphen w counts the number of words in the HERE document.
02:20 The block of code or text until the second occurrence of HERE will be treated as a file.
02:28 The content present in HERE document is an input to the command wc hyphen w.
02:36 HERE acts as a delimiter for wc hyphen w command while reading multi-line input.
02:47 If we try to execute the same command in the terminal, we should get '4' as an output.
02:55 This is because we have passed four words to the command wc hyphen w.
03:03 Now click on Save to save the file.
03:06 Let us switch to the Terminal using Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
03:15 Type: chmod space plus x space here dot sh
03:22 Press Enter.
03:24 Type: dot slash here dot sh
03:27 Press Enter.
03:30 We can see the output as 4
03:33 that is, number of words in 'Here' document is 4.
03:38 Come back to our program.
03:41 Let us add two more words here, at the beginning of the text.
03:47 Hello and welcome to Bash learning.
03:52 Click on Save.
03:54 Let us execute the program again.
03:57 On the terminal, type: dot slash here dot sh
04:04 Press Enter.
04:06 Now the output is 6 because we added two more words to our text.
04:13 We can also pass an argument to the Here document.
04:18 Let us see how to do this with an example.
04:22 Let me open a file named hereoutput dot sh.
04:28 The command cat will concatenate files and print the standard output.
04:35 Note that we have used the string "this" instead of "HERE".
04:41 It’s not necessary that you always have to use the delimiter HERE.
04:47 You can use any other delimiter also.
04:51 This line will display the 0th (zeroth) argument.
04:55 The 0th (zeroth) argument, by default, is the filename.
05:00 This line will display the 1st argument passed to the program.
05:05 And this line will display the 2nd argument passed to the program.
05:09 Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter this.
05:17 Save the file. Let us now execute the program.
05:21 On the terminal, type: chmod space plus x space hereoutput dot sh.
05:29 Press Enter
05:32 Type: dot slash hereoutput dot sh space Sunday space Monday
05:40 The output is displayed as:
05:43 "0'th argument is: dot salsh hereoutput dot sh" which is the filename.
05:49 "1st argument is: Sunday"
05:51 "2nd argument is: Monday" .
05:55 Let us learn about "Here" string now.
05:59 Here string is used for input redirection from text or a variable.
06:06 The input is mentioned in the same line within single quotes.
06:12 The syntax is- command space three 'less than symbols' space within single quotes write string
06:22 Let us understand this with an example.
06:25 I will open the same file here dot sh.
06:30 Here at the end, I will type: wc space hyphen w three less than symbols space within single quotes Welcome to Bash learning.
06:44 This will redirect the string within quotes to the command wc hyphen w.
06:52 Now click on Save to save the changes.
06:55 We will switch to the Terminal.
06:58 Now type: dot slash here dot sh.
07:03 We can see the output as 6 and 4.
07:08 Number of words in here document is 6 and number of words in here string is 4.
07:15 Likewise, you can write your own Here strings.
07:20 This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
07:23 Let us summarize.
07:25 In this tutorial, we learnt about:
07:27 HERE document
07:29 HERE string.
07:31 As an assignment, convert a string to uppercase using:
07:36 'Here document'Here string.
07:39 Hint: tr space a hyphen z space capital A hyphen capital Z.
07:47 This is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case.
07:54 Watch the video available at the link shown below.
07:57 It summarizes the Spoken-Tutorial project.
08:01 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
08:06 The Spoken Tutorial project team: Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
08:12 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
08:17 For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
08:25 Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
08:29 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
08:38 More information on this mission is available at the link shown below.

http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro

08:44 The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken-Tutorial teams.
08:50 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
08:54 Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Gaurav, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14