Difference between revisions of "KTurtle/C2/Grammar-of-TurtleScript/English"
Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
Hello everybody. | Hello everybody. | ||
− | Welcome to this tutorial on Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle. | + | Welcome to this tutorial on '''Grammar of TurtleScript''' in '''KTurtle'''. |
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 2 | ||Slide Number 2 | ||
− | Learning Objectives | + | |
− | ||In this tutorial, we will learn | + | '''Learning Objectives''' |
− | Grammar of Turtle script and | + | ||In this tutorial, we will learn |
− | 'if'-'else' condition | + | |
+ | * Grammar of Turtle script and | ||
+ | |||
+ | * 'if'-'else' condition | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 3 | ||Slide Number 3 | ||
− | System Requirement | + | |
+ | '''System Requirement''' | ||
||To record this tutorial I am using, | ||To record this tutorial I am using, | ||
+ | |||
Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04. | Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04. | ||
+ | |||
KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta. | KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 4 | ||Slide Number 4 | ||
− | Pre-requisites | + | |
+ | '''Pre-requisites''' | ||
||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle | ||We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle | ||
+ | |||
If not, | If not, | ||
+ | |||
for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. | for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. | ||
− | http://spoken-tutorial.org | + | |
+ | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Switch to KTurtle Application | ||Switch to KTurtle Application | ||
− | Dash home >>In the Search bar type KTurtle Click on the KTurtle icon. | + | |
+ | Dash home >>In the Search bar | ||
+ | |||
+ | type KTurtle Click on the KTurtle icon. | ||
||Let's open a new KTurtle Application. | ||Let's open a new KTurtle Application. | ||
Click on Dash home. | Click on Dash home. | ||
+ | |||
In the Search bar, type KTurtle. | In the Search bar, type KTurtle. | ||
+ | |||
Click on the KTurtle icon. | Click on the KTurtle icon. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the terminal >>type kTurtle >>press enter to open | + | ||Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the terminal |
+ | |||
+ | >>type kTurtle >>press enter to open | ||
||We can also open KTurtle Application from the terminal. | ||We can also open KTurtle Application from the terminal. | ||
Line 46: | Line 63: | ||
||Turtle Script | ||Turtle Script | ||
||First I will explain about TurtleScript | ||First I will explain about TurtleScript | ||
− | TurtleScript is a programming language | + | |
− | + | * '''TurtleScript''' is a programming language | |
− | It instructs Turtle what to do | + | |
+ | * It has different types of '''words and symbols''' used for '''various purposes''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * It '''instructs''' Turtle what to do | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Grammar of TurtleScript | ||Grammar of TurtleScript | ||
||Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes- | ||Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes- | ||
− | Comments | + | * Comments |
− | Commands | + | |
− | + | * Commands | |
− | + | ||
− | Variables and | + | * Numbers |
− | Boolean values | + | |
+ | * Strings | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Variables and | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Boolean values | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Numbers | ||Numbers | ||
||Now we will see where to store numbers | ||Now we will see where to store numbers | ||
− | Numbers can be stored | + | |
− | Mathematical operators | + | Numbers can be stored in |
− | + | ||
− | + | *Mathematical operators | |
+ | |||
+ | * Comparison operators and | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Variables | ||
|-Zoom text | |-Zoom text | ||
I will zoom the program text for clear view. | I will zoom the program text for clear view. | ||
Line 70: | Line 99: | ||
||Switch to KTurtle window | ||Switch to KTurtle window | ||
||First let's look at variables. | ||First let's look at variables. | ||
+ | |||
Variables are words that start with a ‘$’, for example $a. | Variables are words that start with a ‘$’, for example $a. | ||
− | In the editor they are highlighted with purple. | + | |
+ | In the editor they are highlighted with '''purple'''. | ||
Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content. | Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content. | ||
− | Variables can contain numbers $a=100 | + | Variables can contain numbers '''$a=100'''. |
− | strings $a=hello or | + | |
+ | strings '''$a=hello''' or | ||
+ | |||
boolean values that is true or false $a=true | boolean values that is true or false $a=true | ||
Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else. | Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else. | ||
+ | |||
You can use variables, once assigned, just as if they are their content. | You can use variables, once assigned, just as if they are their content. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 86: | Line 120: | ||
$a = 2004 | $a = 2004 | ||
+ | |||
$b = 25 | $b = 25 | ||
+ | |||
+ | print $a + $b | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | || | + | ||Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004. |
− | + | ||
− | Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004. | + | |
Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25 | Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25 | ||
− | print command commands Turtle to write something on the canvas. | + | '''print''' command commands Turtle to write something on the canvas. |
− | print command takes numbers and strings as input. | + | '''print''' command takes numbers and strings as input. |
− | print $a + $b commands Turtle to add two values and display them on the canvas. | + | '''print $a + $b''' commands '''Turtle''' to add two values and display them on the canvas. |
|- | |- | ||
||Run the code | ||Run the code | ||
− | ||Let's Run the code slow speed. | + | ||Let's Run the code '''slow''' speed. |
− | Value 2029 is displayed on the canvas | + | |
+ | Value '''2029''' is displayed on the canvas | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Mathematical operators | ||Mathematical operators | ||
||Let us next see the Mathematical Operators. | ||Let us next see the Mathematical Operators. | ||
+ | |||
Mathematical operators include, | Mathematical operators include, | ||
− | + (Addition) | + | |
− | - (Subtraction) | + | * '''+''' (Addition) |
− | + | ||
− | + | * '''-''' (Subtraction) | |
+ | |||
+ | * '''*''' (Multiplcation) | ||
+ | |||
+ | * '''/''' (Division) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
Line 117: | Line 158: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
− | reset | + | '''reset''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor. | + | '''canvassize 200,200''' |
+ | |||
+ | '''$add = 1 + 1''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''$subtract = 20 – 5''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''$multiply = 15 * 2''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''$divide = 30 /30''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''go 10,10''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''print $add''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''go 50,50''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''print $subtract''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''go 100,100 | ||
+ | ''' | ||
+ | '''print $multiply''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''go 175,175''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''print $divide''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''go 0,0''' | ||
+ | ||I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Pause the tutorial and type the program into''' KTurtle''' editor. | ||
Resume the tutorial after typing the program | Resume the tutorial after typing the program | ||
Line 149: | Line 204: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Highlight $add = 1 + 1 | ||Highlight $add = 1 + 1 | ||
− | || value 1+1 is assigned to the variable $add, | + | || value 1+1 is assigned to the variable''' $add,''' |
|- | |- | ||
||Highlight $subtract = 20 – 5 | ||Highlight $subtract = 20 – 5 | ||
− | ||20-5 is assigned to variable $subtract, | + | ||20-5 is assigned to variable '''$subtract''', |
|- | |- | ||
||Highlight $multiply = 15 * 2 | ||Highlight $multiply = 15 * 2 | ||
− | ||value 15 * 2 will be assigned to the variable multiply. | + | ||value 15 * 2 will be assigned to the variable '''$multiply.''' |
|- | |- | ||
||Highlight $divide = 30 /30 | ||Highlight $divide = 30 /30 | ||
− | ||30/30 is assigned to the variable | + | ||30/30 is assigned to the variable '''$divide.''' |
|- | |- | ||
||Highlight go 10,10 | ||Highlight go 10,10 | ||
− | ||go 10,10 commands to | + | ||'''go 10,10''' commands to '''Turtle''' to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas |
|- | |- | ||
||Run code | ||Run code | ||
+ | |||
Point to the values | Point to the values | ||
||Let us now run this code in slow speed | ||Let us now run this code in slow speed | ||
+ | |||
Command which is getting executed is highlighted in the editor. | Command which is getting executed is highlighted in the editor. | ||
+ | |||
Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions. | Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
||Let us consider a simple example for using the comparison operator . | ||Let us consider a simple example for using the comparison operator . | ||
+ | |||
Type the commands being shown on the screen. | Type the commands being shown on the screen. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 177: | Line 236: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Switch to Kturtle Window | ||Switch to Kturtle Window | ||
− | ||$answer = 10 > 3 | + | ||'''$answer = 10 > 3''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | '''print $answer''' | |
− | The result of this comparison, the boolean value true is stored in the variable $answer and the value true is displayed. | + | Here 10 is compared to 3 with the ’'''greater than'''’ operator. |
+ | |||
+ | The result of this comparison, the '''boolean value true''' is stored in the | ||
+ | variable '''$answer''' and the value '''true''' is displayed. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Run the code | ||Run the code | ||
||Let's run this code | ||Let's run this code | ||
− | Turtle has displayed Boolean value true on the canvas. | + | |
+ | '''Turtle''' has displayed '''Boolean value true''' on the canvas. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Strings | ||Strings | ||
||Now lets see how Strings work in this application – | ||Now lets see how Strings work in this application – | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | * Strings can be put in variables like numbers | |
− | + | ||
− | KTurtle identifies a line in double quote as a string | + | * Strings cannot be used in mathematical or comparison operators |
+ | |||
+ | * Strings are highlighted in red color | ||
+ | |||
+ | *KTurtle identifies a line in double quote as a string | ||
|- | |- | ||
||clear code | ||clear code | ||
Line 199: | Line 265: | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Example of string | ||Example of string | ||
− | ||For example:I am typing the print command followed by a string, “Hello”. | + | ||For example:I am typing the print command followed by a string, '''“Hello”'''. |
− | We See that the string is highlighted in Red color. | + | |
+ | We See that the string is highlighted in '''Red color'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Run code | ||Run code | ||
Line 207: | Line 274: | ||
||Boolean Values | ||Boolean Values | ||
||Next I will explain about Boolean values. | ||Next I will explain about Boolean values. | ||
− | There are only two boolean values: true and false. | + | |
+ | There are only two '''boolean''' values: '''true''' and '''false.''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
||For example Let's type the code | ||For example Let's type the code | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | Boolean value false is displayed on the canvas. | + | '''`if-else' Condition''' |
− | Boolean value false is assigned to variable $answer because 7 is larger than 5 | + | |
+ | '''$answer = 7<5''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''print $answer''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Boolean''' value '''false''' is displayed on the canvas. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''Boolean value false''' is assigned to variable''' $answer''' because 7 is larger than 5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
||“if-else” conditon. | ||“if-else” conditon. | ||
||Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon. | ||Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon. | ||
− | ‘if’ condition is executed only if the | + | ‘if’ condition is executed only if the '''boolean''' value evaluates ‘true’ |
− | boolean value evaluates ‘true’ | + | |
‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ | ‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ | ||
condition is ‘false’ . | condition is ‘false’ . | ||
Line 229: | Line 301: | ||
||I already have a program in a text editor. | ||I already have a program in a text editor. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | ||reset | + | ||'''reset''' |
− | $x=4 | + | '''$x=4''' |
− | if $x>5 { | + | '''if $x>5 {''' |
− | print $x | + | '''print $x''' |
− | print “is greater than five” | + | '''print “is greater than five”''' |
+ | '''}''' | ||
+ | '''else {''' | ||
+ | '''print $x''' | ||
+ | '''print “is smaller than six”''' | ||
} | } | ||
− | + | '''go 0,0''' | |
− | + | || I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into '''KTurtle''' editor. | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | go 0,0 | + | |
− | || I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor. | + | |
− | Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor. | + | Pause the tutorial and type the program into '''KTurtle''' editor. |
Resume the tutorial after typing the program | Resume the tutorial after typing the program | ||
Line 251: | Line 323: | ||
||Run code | ||Run code | ||
||Let me now run this code. | ||Let me now run this code. | ||
− | Turtle has compared the variables 4 and 5. | + | |
+ | '''Turtle''' has compared the variables 4 and 5. | ||
+ | |||
and displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas . | and displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas . | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| | || | ||
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial. | ||With this we come to the end of this tutorial. | ||
+ | |||
Let's summarize. | Let's summarize. | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 262: | Line 337: | ||
Summary | Summary | ||
||In this tutorial, we have learnt about | ||In this tutorial, we have learnt about | ||
− | Grammar of Turtle script and | + | |
− | ‘if-else’ condition | + | * Grammar of Turtle script and |
+ | |||
+ | * ‘if-else’ condition | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Assignment | ||Assignment | ||
||Now to the assignment part. | ||Now to the assignment part. | ||
− | + | Solve an equation using | |
− | if - else condition | + | |
− | Mathematical and comparision operators | + | * if - else condition |
− | Display the results using “print” and “go” commands. | + | |
+ | * Mathematical and comparision operators | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Display the results using “print” and “go” commands. | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Assignment | ||Assignment | ||
|| | || | ||
To solve the assignment | To solve the assignment | ||
− | Choose any four random numbers | + | *Choose any four random numbers |
− | Multiply two sets of random numbers | + | *Multiply two sets of random numbers |
− | + | *Compare the results using the comparison operators | |
− | Display the results | + | *Display the results |
− | Display greater result at center of the canvas | + | *Display greater result at center of the canvas |
− | + | *You can choose any equation which you like. | |
|- | |- | ||
||Slide number 11 | ||Slide number 11 | ||
+ | |||
Acknowledgement | Acknowledgement | ||
||Watch the video available at | ||Watch the video available at | ||
+ | |||
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial | http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial | ||
+ | |||
It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project | It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project | ||
+ | |||
If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it | ||
+ | |||
|- | |- | ||
||Slide Number 12 | ||Slide Number 12 | ||
||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team : | ||The Spoken Tutorial Project Team : | ||
+ | |||
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials | Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials | ||
+ | |||
Gives certificates to those who pass an online test | Gives certificates to those who pass an online test | ||
+ | |||
For more details, please write to | For more details, please write to | ||
+ | |||
contact@spoken-tutorial.org | contact@spoken-tutorial.org | ||
|- | |- | ||
||Slide number 13 | ||Slide number 13 | ||
||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project | ||Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project | ||
+ | |||
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India | ||
− | + | ||
+ | More information on this Mission is available at this link | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ]''' | ||
Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru. | Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru. | ||
+ | |||
This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off Thank you for joining. | This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off Thank you for joining. | ||
|- | |- |
Revision as of 16:40, 18 March 2013
Visual Cue | Narration |
---|---|
Slide Number 1 |
Hello everybody. Welcome to this tutorial on Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle. |
Slide Number 2
Learning Objectives |
In this tutorial, we will learn
|
Slide Number 3
System Requirement |
To record this tutorial I am using,
Ubuntu Linux OS version. 12.04. KTurtle version. 0.8.1 beta. |
Slide Number 4
Pre-requisites |
We assume that you have basic working knowledge of KTurtle
If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website. |
Switch to KTurtle Application
Dash home >>In the Search bar type KTurtle Click on the KTurtle icon. |
Let's open a new KTurtle Application.
Click on Dash home. In the Search bar, type KTurtle. Click on the KTurtle icon. |
Press CTRL+ALT+T >> open the terminal
>>type kTurtle >>press enter to open |
We can also open KTurtle Application from the terminal.
Press CTRL+ALT+T simultaneously to open the terminal. Type KTurtle and press enter KTurtle. Application opens |
Turtle Script | First I will explain about TurtleScript
|
Grammar of TurtleScript | Grammar of TurtleScript in KTurtle includes-
|
Numbers | Now we will see where to store numbers
Numbers can be stored in
|
Switch to KTurtle window | First let's look at variables.
Variables are words that start with a ‘$’, for example $a. In the editor they are highlighted with purple. Using the assignment, equal to (=), a variable is given its content. Variables can contain numbers $a=100. strings $a=hello or boolean values that is true or false $a=true Variable keeps the content until program finishes execution or until it is reassigned to something else. You can use variables, once assigned, just as if they are their content. |
For example, consider the code typed in the editor.
$a = 2004 $b = 25 print $a + $b | |
Variable 'a' is assigned a value 2004.
Variable 'b' is assigned a value 25 print command commands Turtle to write something on the canvas. print command takes numbers and strings as input. print $a + $b commands Turtle to add two values and display them on the canvas. | |
Run the code | Let's Run the code slow speed.
Value 2029 is displayed on the canvas |
Mathematical operators | Let us next see the Mathematical Operators.
Mathematical operators include,
|
I already have a program in a text editor. | |
reset canvassize 200,200 $add = 1 + 1 $subtract = 20 – 5 $multiply = 15 * 2 $divide = 30 /30 go 10,10 print $add go 50,50 print $subtract go 100,100 print $multiply go 175,175 print $divide go 0,0 |
I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor. Resume the tutorial after typing the program |
I will Explain the code now | |
Highlight reset | “reset” command sets Turtle to its default position |
Highlight canvassize 200,200 | canvassize 200,200 fix the width and height of the canvas to 200 pixels each. |
Highlight $add = 1 + 1 | value 1+1 is assigned to the variable $add, |
Highlight $subtract = 20 – 5 | 20-5 is assigned to variable $subtract, |
Highlight $multiply = 15 * 2 | value 15 * 2 will be assigned to the variable $multiply. |
Highlight $divide = 30 /30 | 30/30 is assigned to the variable $divide. |
Highlight go 10,10 | go 10,10 commands to Turtle to go 10 pixels left of canvas and 10 pixels from top of canvas |
Run code
Point to the values |
Let us now run this code in slow speed
Command which is getting executed is highlighted in the editor. Turtle displays the values on the canvas at the specified positions. |
Let us consider a simple example for using the comparison operator .
Type the commands being shown on the screen. | |
zoom text | I will zoom the text to have clear view |
Switch to Kturtle Window | $answer = 10 > 3
print $answer Here 10 is compared to 3 with the ’greater than’ operator. The result of this comparison, the boolean value true is stored in the variable $answer and the value true is displayed. |
Run the code | Let's run this code
Turtle has displayed Boolean value true on the canvas. |
Strings | Now lets see how Strings work in this application –
|
clear code | I will clear the current code from editor. |
Example of string | For example:I am typing the print command followed by a string, “Hello”.
We See that the string is highlighted in Red color. |
Run code | When I run this piece of code, the turtle displays the string on the canvas. |
Boolean Values | Next I will explain about Boolean values.
There are only two boolean values: true and false. |
For example Let's type the code
`if-else' Condition $answer = 7<5 print $answer Boolean value false is displayed on the canvas. Boolean value false is assigned to variable $answer because 7 is larger than 5 | |
“if-else” conditon. | Let's next learn about “if-else” conditon.
‘if’ condition is executed only if the boolean value evaluates ‘true’ ‘else’ condition is executed only if the ‘if’ condition is ‘false’ . |
I already have a program in a text editor. | |
reset
$x=4 if $x>5 { print $x print “is greater than five” } else { print $x print “is smaller than six” } go 0,0 |
I will copy the code from text editor and paste it into KTurtle editor.
Pause the tutorial and type the program into KTurtle editor. Resume the tutorial after typing the program |
This code compares numbers 4 , 5 and 6 and displays the results accordingly. | |
Run code | Let me now run this code.
Turtle has compared the variables 4 and 5. and displayed the result 4 is smaller than 6 on the canvas . |
With this we come to the end of this tutorial.
Let's summarize. | |
In this tutorial, we have learnt about
| |
Assignment | Now to the assignment part.
Solve an equation using
|
Assignment |
To solve the assignment
|
Slide number 11
Acknowledgement |
Watch the video available at
http://spoken-tutorial.org/What is a Spoken Tutorial It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it |
Slide Number 12 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team :
Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials Gives certificates to those who pass an online test For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
Slide number 13 | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India More information on this Mission is available at this link http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro ] Script is contributed by ITfC Bangaluru. This is Madhuri Ganpathi from IIT Bombay signing off Thank you for joining. |