Difference between revisions of "ExpEYES/C3/Diode-Rectifier-Transistor/English-timed"

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(Created page with "{| border=1 |'''Time''' |'''Narration''' |- |00:01 | Hello everyone.Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transistor'''. |- |00:08 |In this tutorial we will st...")
 
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|-
 
|-
 
|00:01
 
|00:01
−
| Hello everyone.Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transistor'''.
+
| Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transistor'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|00:08
 
|00:08
−
|In this tutorial we will study:
+
|In this tutorial, we will study:
  
−
* Working of PN Junction diode
+
* Working of '''PN Junction diode'''
  
−
* Diode as rectifier
+
* '''Diode''' as '''rectifier'''
  
 
* Diode IV characteristics
 
* Diode IV characteristics
  
−
* Light emitting diode(LED) IV characteristics
+
* '''Light emitting diode'''(LED) IV characteristics
  
−
* Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
+
* Out of Phase '''inverting amplifier''' and
  
−
* Transistor CE
+
* '''Transistor CE'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|00:26
 
|00:26
−
|Here I am using,
+
|Here, I am using:
  
−
* ExpEYES version 3.1.0
+
* ExpEYES version '''3.1.0'''
  
−
* Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
+
* Ubuntu Linux OS version '''14.04'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|00:36
 
|00:36
−
|To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with:
+
|To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with '''ExpEYES Junior''' interface.
−
 
+
If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
−
'''ExpEYES Junior''' interface.If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 43: Line 42:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:51
 
| 00:51
−
|'''PN junction diode''',
+
|'''PN junction diode''':
  
−
* is a semiconductor device which allows current to pass through in one direction.  
+
* is a '''semiconductor''' device which allows current to pass through in one direction.  
  
−
* It converts  alternating current to direct current.  
+
* It converts  '''alternating current''' to '''direct current'''.  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:03
 
|01:03
Line 54: Line 53:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:09
 
|01:09
−
|In this experiment, we will,
+
|In this experiment, we will:
  
−
* Convert AC signal into a DC signal  in '''forward bias'''
+
* Convert '''AC signal''' into a '''DC signal''' in '''forward bias'''
  
 
* Convert AC signal into a DC signal  in '''reverse bias'''
 
* Convert AC signal into a DC signal  in '''reverse bias'''
  
−
* Filter the AC component using a capacitor.
+
* '''Filter''' the AC component using a '''capacitor'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:25
 
|01:25
−
|Now I will explain the circuit connections.
+
|Now, I will explain the '''circuit''' connections.
  
 
'''1K''' resistor is connected between '''GND''' and '''A2'''.
 
'''1K''' resistor is connected between '''GND''' and '''A2'''.
Line 72: Line 71:
 
'''SINE''' is connected is to '''A1'''. Here '''SINE''' is an '''AC''' source.  
 
'''SINE''' is connected is to '''A1'''. Here '''SINE''' is an '''AC''' source.  
  
−
This is the circuit diagram.
+
This is the '''circuit diagram'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:46
 
|01:46
−
|Let's see the result on the Plot window.
+
|Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:49
 
|01:49
−
|On the Plot window, click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1'''.'''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
+
|On the Plot window, click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1'''. '''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|01:56
 
|01:56
−
|Click on '''A2''' and drag '''CH2'''.'''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
+
|Click on '''A2''' and drag '''CH2'''. '''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:01
 
|02:01
−
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves.Two sine waves are generated.
+
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves. Two '''sine''' waves are generated.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 96: Line 95:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:13
 
|02:13
−
|Red trace is the rectified sine wave.Negative half of red trace is completely removed, as it is a '''rectified wave'''.
+
|Red trace is the rectified sine wave. Negative half of red trace is completely removed, as it is a '''rectified wave'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:23
 
|02:23
−
|Positive half starts after diode attains a '''threshold voltage'''.'''AC''' signal gets converted  into a '''DC''' signal, in the '''forward bias'''.
+
|Positive half starts after '''diode''' attains a '''threshold voltage'''. '''AC''' signal gets converted  into a '''DC''' signal, in the '''forward bias'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 109: Line 108:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:40
 
|02:40
−
|Observe the voltage and frequency values on the right side of the window.
+
|Observe the '''voltage''' and '''frequency''' values on the right side of the window.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 117: Line 116:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|02:52
 
|02:52
−
|We will filter the sine wave using a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor.In the same connection, replace '''1K''' resistor with a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor.
+
|We will filter the sine wave using a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor. In the same connection, replace '''1K''' resistor with a '''10uF'''(micro farad) capacitor.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 129: Line 128:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:09
 
|03:09
−
|On the '''Plot window''' we can see that '''rectified sine wave''' is filtered.Here '''AC''' component is called '''ripple''' in the '''DC'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', we can see that '''rectified sine wave''' is filtered. Here '''AC''' component is called '''ripple''' in the '''DC'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:20
 
|03:20
−
|Now we will demonstrate diode IV characteristics of:
+
|Now we will demonstrate diode IV characteristics of '''PN junction diode''' and '''LED'''s.
−
 
+
−
* PN junction diode and LEDs
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:27
 
|03:27
−
|I will explain the circuit connections.'''PVS''' is connected to '''IN1''' through '''1K''' resistor.
+
|I will explain the circuit connections. '''PVS''' is connected to '''IN1''' through '''1K resistor'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 155: Line 152:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:44
 
|03:44
−
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.Select '''Diode IV'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button. Select '''Diode IV'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|03:53
 
|03:53
−
|'''EYES:IV characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open.'''Schematic''' window shows the circuit diagram.
+
|'''EYES:IV characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open. '''Schematic''' window shows the circuit diagram.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:00
 
|04:00
−
|On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.
+
|On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on '''START''' button.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|04:16
 
|04:16
−
|'''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor''' are displayed.'''Diode's ideality factor''' varies between 1 and 2.  
+
|'''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor''' are displayed. '''Diode's ideality factor''' varies between 1 and 2.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:26
 
|04:26
−
|We will replace diode with red, green and white '''LEDs''' one by one in the circuit.
+
|We will replace diode with red, green and white '''LEDs''' one by one, in the circuit.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:33
 
|04:33
−
|Please note '''LED''' glows in only one direction.If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.
+
|Please note '''LED''' glows in only one direction. If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:43
 
|04:43
−
|Let's first connect red '''LED''' in the circuit.This is the circuit diagram.
+
|Let's first connect red '''LED''' in the circuit. This is the circuit diagram.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|04:49
 
|04:49
−
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.Select '''Diode IV'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button. Select '''Diode IV'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 204: Line 201:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|05:15
 
|05:15
−
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS'''  button.Select '''Diode IV'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS'''  button. Select '''Diode IV'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 212: Line 209:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|05:27
 
|05:27
−
|In the diode IV curve,current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.8 volts'''.Here the value may vary a little.
+
|In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.8 volts'''. Here the value may vary a little.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 220: Line 217:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|05:44
 
|05:44
−
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button.Select '''Diode IV'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button. Select '''Diode IV'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|06:05
 
|06:05
−
|Now we will demonstrate 180 degree out of Phase sine waves.
+
|Now, we will demonstrate 180 degree out of phase sine waves.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:10
 
|06:10
−
|We can do this by inverting the output of '''SINE''' using an amplifier.Here we are using '''51K''' resistor for the amplification.
+
|We can do this by inverting the output of '''SINE''' using an amplifier. Here we are using '''51K''' '''resistor''' for the amplification.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 241: Line 238:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:24
 
|06:24
−
|'''A1''' is connected to '''SINE'''.'''51K''' resistor is connected between '''SINE''' and '''IN'''.
+
|'''A1''' is connected to '''SINE'''.
 +
'''51K''' resistor is connected between '''SINE''' and '''IN'''.
 
'''OUT''' is connected to '''A2'''.  
 
'''OUT''' is connected to '''A2'''.  
  
Line 254: Line 252:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:40
 
|06:40
−
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1.'''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1. '''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 263: Line 261:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|06:54
 
|06:54
−
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves.Two '''AC waveforms''' differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
+
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves. Two '''AC waveforms''' differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 276: Line 274:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|07:15
 
|07:15
−
|Right click on '''CH1'''.Voltage, frequency & Phase shift values are displayed at the bottom of the window.
+
|Right click on '''CH1'''. Voltage, frequency & Phase shift values are displayed at the bottom of the window.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|07:31
 
|07:31
−
|* Please use 2N2222, NPN  transistor.Solder the wires of the transistor.So that transistor can be connected properly to the '''ExpEYES''' kit.
+
|Please use '''2N2222, NPN  transistor'''. Solder the wires of the transistor. So that transistor can be connected properly to the '''ExpEYES''' kit.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|07:56
 
|07:56
−
|'''PVS''' is connected to '''collector''' using a '''1K'''  resistor.'''IN1''' is connected between '''1K''' resistor and '''collector'''.
+
|'''PVS''' is connected to '''collector''' using a '''1K'''  resistor.
 +
'''IN1''' is connected between '''1K''' resistor and '''collector'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|08:06
 
|08:06
 
|'''Emitter''' is connected to GND.  
 
|'''Emitter''' is connected to GND.  
−
'''100uF'''(micro farad) capacitor is connected between '''200K''' resistor and '''GND'''. This is the circuit diagram.
+
'''100uF'''(micro farad) capacitor is connected between '''200K''' resistor and '''GND'''.
 +
This is the circuit diagram.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 307: Line 307:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|08:21
 
|08:21
−
|On the '''Plot window''', '''Set PVS''' value as '''3 volt'''.'''PVS''' is set to  '''3volts''' to provide internal voltage.
+
|On the '''Plot window''', '''Set PVS''' value as '''3 volt'''. '''PVS''' is set to  '''3volts''' to provide '''internal voltage'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 320: Line 320:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|08:47
 
|08:47
−
|On the EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics window, change the base voltage value to 1V.  
+
|On the EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics window, change the '''base voltage''' value to 1V.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|08:55
 
|08:55
−
|Click on '''START''' button.Collector current increases and becomes constant.
+
|Click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' increases and becomes constant.
−
Collector current is close to '''0.3mA'''.Base Current is '''2uA'''(micro ampere).
+
Collector current is close to '''0.3mA'''. '''Base Current''' is '''2uA'''(micro ampere).
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:10
 
|09:10
−
|Change the base voltage value to '''2V''' and click on '''START''' button.Collector current is '''1.5mA'''
+
|Change the base voltage value to '''2V''' and click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' is '''1.5mA'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:19
 
|09:19
−
|Base Current  is '''7uA'''(micro ampere).
+
|'''Base Current''' is '''7uA'''(micro ampere).
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:23
 
|09:23
−
|Change the base voltage value to '''3V''' and click on '''START''' button.Collector current is '''2.7mA'''
+
|Change the base voltage value to '''3V''' and click on '''START''' button. Collector current is '''2.7mA'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 349: Line 349:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:38
 
|09:38
−
|In this tutorial we have studied:  
+
|In this tutorial, we have studied:  
  
 
* Working of PN Junction diode
 
* Working of PN Junction diode
Line 359: Line 359:
 
* LED IV characteristics  
 
* LED IV characteristics  
  
−
*Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
+
* Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
  
−
* Transistor CE
+
* Transistor CE.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|09:58
 
|09:58
−
|As an assignment,
+
|As an assignment-
  
 
* Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.
 
* Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.
Line 375: Line 375:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:13
 
|10:13
−
|This video summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
+
|This video summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:21
 
|10:21
−
|We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates. Please contact us.
+
|We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates. Please contact us.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:28
 
|10:28
−
| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD Government of India.
+
| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|10:34
 
|10:34
−
|This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Madhuri Ganapathi. Thank you for joining.
+
|This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Madhuri Ganapathi.
 +
Thank you for joining.
  
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 11:10, 13 May 2016

Time Narration
00:01 Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on Diode, Rectifier and Transistor.
00:08 In this tutorial, we will study:
  • Working of PN Junction diode
  • Diode as rectifier
  • Diode IV characteristics
  • Light emitting diode(LED) IV characteristics
  • Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
  • Transistor CE.
00:26 Here, I am using:
  • ExpEYES version 3.1.0
  • Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04
00:36 To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with ExpEYES Junior interface.

If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

00:47 Let's first define a PN junction diode.
00:51 PN junction diode:
  • is a semiconductor device which allows current to pass through in one direction.
  • It converts alternating current to direct current.
01:03 We will demonstrate working of PN junction diode as a half wave rectifier.
01:09 In this experiment, we will:
  • Convert AC signal into a DC signal in forward bias
  • Convert AC signal into a DC signal in reverse bias
  • Filter the AC component using a capacitor.
01:25 Now, I will explain the circuit connections.

1K resistor is connected between GND and A2.

PN junction diode is connected between A2 and SINE.

SINE is connected is to A1. Here SINE is an AC source.

This is the circuit diagram.

01:46 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
01:49 On the Plot window, click on A1 and drag to CH1. A1 is assigned to CH1.
01:56 Click on A2 and drag CH2. A2 is assigned to CH2.
02:01 Move the mSec/div slider to adjust the waves. Two sine waves are generated.
02:10 Black trace is the original sine wave.
02:13 Red trace is the rectified sine wave. Negative half of red trace is completely removed, as it is a rectified wave.
02:23 Positive half starts after diode attains a threshold voltage. AC signal gets converted into a DC signal, in the forward bias.
02:34 Click on CH1 and drag to FIT.

Click on CH2 and drag to FIT.

02:40 Observe the voltage and frequency values on the right side of the window.
02:45 On reversing the diode connection, AC signal gets converted into a DC signal, in the reverse bias.
02:52 We will filter the sine wave using a 10uF(micro farad) capacitor. In the same connection, replace 1K resistor with a 10uF(micro farad) capacitor.
03:04 This is the circuit diagram.
03:06 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
03:09 On the Plot window, we can see that rectified sine wave is filtered. Here AC component is called ripple in the DC.
03:20 Now we will demonstrate diode IV characteristics of PN junction diode and LEDs.
03:27 I will explain the circuit connections. PVS is connected to IN1 through 1K resistor.
03:34 IN1 is connected to GND through PN junction diode.
03:39 This is the circuit diagram.
03:41 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
03:44 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
03:53 EYES:IV characteristics and Schematic windows open. Schematic window shows the circuit diagram.
04:00 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.
04:05 Current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 0.6 volts.
04:13 Click on FIT button.
04:16 Diode equation and Ideality factor are displayed. Diode's ideality factor varies between 1 and 2.
04:26 We will replace diode with red, green and white LEDs one by one, in the circuit.
04:33 Please note LED glows in only one direction. If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.
04:43 Let's first connect red LED in the circuit. This is the circuit diagram.
04:49 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
04:56 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.

In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 1.7 volts.

05:11 Let's connect green LED in the circuit.
05:15 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
05:22 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.
05:27 In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 1.8 volts. Here the value may vary a little.
05:40 Let's connect white LED in the circuit.
05:44 On the Plot window, click on EXPERIMENTS button. Select Diode IV.
05:51 On EYES:IV characteristics window, click on START button.

In the diode IV curve, current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 2.6 volts.

06:05 Now, we will demonstrate 180 degree out of phase sine waves.
06:10 We can do this by inverting the output of SINE using an amplifier. Here we are using 51K resistor for the amplification.
06:21 I will explain the circuit connections.
06:24 A1 is connected to SINE.

51K resistor is connected between SINE and IN. OUT is connected to A2.

06:35 This is the circuit diagram.
06:37 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
06:40 On the Plot window, click on A1 and drag to CH1. A1 is assigned to CH1.
06:49 Click on A2 and drag CH2.

A2 is assigned to CH2.

06:54 Move the mSec/div slider to adjust the waves. Two AC waveforms differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.
07:04 Click on CH1 and drag to FIT.

Click on CH2 and drag to FIT.

07:10 Voltage and frequency values are displayed on the right side.
07:15 Right click on CH1. Voltage, frequency & Phase shift values are displayed at the bottom of the window.
07:25 Now we will plot transistor CE(collector emitter) characteristic curves.
07:31 Please use 2N2222, NPN transistor. Solder the wires of the transistor. So that transistor can be connected properly to the ExpEYES kit.
07:44 I will explain the circuit connections.

SQR1 is connected to 200K resistor. 200K resistor is connected to base of the transistor.

07:56 PVS is connected to collector using a 1K resistor.

IN1 is connected between 1K resistor and collector.

08:06 Emitter is connected to GND.

100uF(micro farad) capacitor is connected between 200K resistor and GND. This is the circuit diagram.

08:18 Let's see the result on the Plot window.
08:21 On the Plot window, Set PVS value as 3 volt. PVS is set to 3volts to provide internal voltage.
08:31 Click on EXPERIMENTS button and select Transistor CE.
08:37 EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics and Schematic windows open.

Schematic window shows circuit diagram.

08:47 On the EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics window, change the base voltage value to 1V.
08:55 Click on START button. Collector current increases and becomes constant.

Collector current is close to 0.3mA. Base Current is 2uA(micro ampere).

09:10 Change the base voltage value to 2V and click on START button. Collector current is 1.5mA
09:19 Base Current is 7uA(micro ampere).
09:23 Change the base voltage value to 3V and click on START button. Collector current is 2.7mA
09:33 Base Current is 12uA(micro ampere).
09:37 Let's summarize.
09:38 In this tutorial, we have studied:
  • Working of PN Junction diode
  • Diode as rectifier
  • Diode IV characteristics
  • LED IV characteristics
  • Out of Phase inverting amplifier and
  • Transistor CE.
09:58 As an assignment-
  • Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.
  • This is the circuit diagram.
  • The output should look like this.
10:13 This video summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:21 We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates. Please contact us.
10:28 Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.
10:34 This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Madhuri Ganapathi.

Thank you for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

Pratik kamble, Ranjana, Sandhya.np14

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