Difference between revisions of "PERL/C3/File-Handling/English-timed"
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PoojaMoolya (Talk | contribs) (Created page with " {| Border = 1 | '''Time''' | '''Narration''' |- | 00:01 | Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on''' File Handling in PERL.''' |- | 00:06 | In this tutorial we will...") |
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| − | | The '''while '''loop will read line by line and loop through the'''<nowiki> <</nowiki>DATA>''' file | + | | The '''while '''loop will read line by line and loop through the'''<nowiki> <</nowiki>DATA>''' file until all the lines have been read. |
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| − | | We can see the text''' Working with files makes data storage and retrieval a simple task! '''In our second.txt file. | + | | We can see the text''' Working with files makes data storage and retrieval a simple task! '''In our '''second.txt''' file. |
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Revision as of 12:44, 26 November 2015
| Time | Narration |
| 00:01 | Welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on File Handling in PERL. |
| 00:06 | In this tutorial we will learn how to
|
| 00:17 | For this tutorial, I am using
|
| 00:28 | You can use any text editor of your choice. |
| 00:32 | To follow this tutorial, you should have working knowledge of Perl programming. |
| 00:37 | If not, then go through the relevant Perl spoken tutorials on the spoken tutorial website. |
| 00:43 | The basic operations we can do with files in Perl are:
|
| 00:54 | The default file handles are
|
| 01:02 | This is the syntax for open function. |
| 01:05 | In the syntax, FILEHANDLE is the file handle returned by the open function. |
| 01:11 | MODE represents the mode of opening the file. For eg: read, write, etc. |
| 01:18 | EXPR is the physical filename used to read or write. In this case, “First.txt” is the filename. |
| 01:27 | There is another way to write the open function, as shown here. |
| 01:32 | Let us understand how to open an existing file and read the data from it. |
| 01:38 | First we will create a text file and store some data in it. Go to the terminal and type gedit first.txt and press Enter. |
| 01:51 | In the first dot txt file, type the following text: |
| 01:55 | Save the file and close gedit. |
| 01:59 | Now we will look at a Perl program that opens the file first.txt and reads the content. |
| 02:07 | Let me open the sample program openfile.pl which I have already saved. |
| 02:13 | Type gedit openfile dot pl ampersand and press Enter. |
| 02:19 | In the openfile dot pl file, type the following code as displayed on the screen. |
| 02:25 | Let us understand the code now. |
| 02:28 | The open function opens a file for reading. |
| 02:33 | The first parameter DATA is the filehandle which allows Perl to refer to the file in future. |
| 02:40 | The second parameter “<” less than symbol denotes the READ mode. |
| 02:44 | If you fail to specify the “Mode”, by default the file will be opened in “READ” mode. |
| 02:50 | The third parameter first.txt is the filename from where the data has to be read. |
| 02:57 | What will happen if the file first.txt does not exist? |
| 03:02 | The script will die with the appropriate error message stored in the dollar exclamation ($!)variable. |
| 03:08 | The while loop will read line by line and loop through the <DATA> file until all the lines have been read. |
| 03:17 | Print dollar underscore ($_) variable will print the contents of the current line. |
| 03:22 | Lastly, close the file with the FILEHANDLE name, which we had given in the open statement.
|
| 03:29 | Closing a file prevents any accidental file changes or overwriting of the content. |
| 03:36 | Now, press Ctrl+S to save the file. |
| 03:40 | Let us execute the program. |
| 03:42 | Switch back to the terminal and type perl openfile dot pl and press Enter. |
| 03:51 | The output is displayed as shown. |
| 03:54 | This is the same content that we saw earlier in first dot txt file. |
| 03:59 | Next we will see how to write data into a file. |
| 04:03 | The open statement with greater than (>) symbol defines the WRITE mode. |
| 04:08 | Filename represents the name of the file where the data has to be written. |
| 04:13 | Let me open the sample program writefile.pl which I have already saved. |
| 04:19 | Switch to the terminal. |
| 04:21 | Now, type gedit writefile dot pl ampersand and press Enter. |
| 04:29 | In the writefile dot pl file, type the following code as displayed on the screen. |
| 04:34 | Let me explain the code now. |
| 04:37 | The open function opens a file second.txt in write mode. |
| 04:44 | “>” Greater than symbol before the filename denotes the write mode. |
| 04:49 | The first parameter FILE1 is the FILEHANDLE. |
| 04:53 | The print function prints the given text to FILEHANDLE. i.e FILE1 |
| 04:59 | Now, press Ctrl+S to save the file |
| 05:03 | Let us execute the program. |
| 05:05 | Switch back to the terminal and type perl writefile dot pl and press Enter. |
| 05:12 | Now let us check whether the text has been written in second.txt file. |
| 05:18 | Type gedit second.txt and press Enter. |
| 05:23 | We can see the text Working with files makes data storage and retrieval a simple task! In our second.txt file. |
| 05:32 | Let us close the second.txt file. |
| 05:35 | What will happen if we open the same file again in write mode? Let us see that. |
| 05:41 | In the writefile.pl, Comment the previous print Statement. |
| 05:46 | Add the below print command. |
| 05:48 | Now, press Ctrl+S to save the file. Let us execute the program. |
| 05:54 | Switch back to the terminal and type perl writefile dot pl and press Enter. |
| 06:00 | Now let us check the second.txt file once again. |
| 06:04 | Type gedit second.txt and press Enter. |
| 06:09 | We can see the output “Greater than symbol (>) overwrites the content of the file!" |
| 06:14 | The previous content of the second.txt file has been overwritten. |
| 06:19 | This is because we had opened the file in the write mode again. |
| 06:24 | Let us close the second.txt file. |
| 06:27 | Next, we will see how to append data to an existing file. |
| 06:32 | The open statement with two greater than (>> ) symbols denotes the APPEND mode. |
| 06:38 | Now I will open the writefile dot pl again in gedit.
|
| 06:44 | In the open statement, type two greater (>>) than symbols. This will denote that the file is in append mode. |
| 06:52 | Comment the previous print statement as it is already executed. |
| 06:57 | Add the line print FILE1 within double quotes Two greater than symbols >> opens the file in append mode to append to the existing data. |
| 07:07 | Now, press Ctrl+S to save the file. |
| 07:11 | Let us execute the program. |
| 07:14 | Switch back to the terminal and type perl writefile dot pl and press Enter. |
| 07:20 | Now let us check whether the text has been appended to the second.txt file. |
| 07:26 | Type gedit second.txt and press Enter. |
| 07:31 | We can see the text has been appended in our second.txt file. |
| 07:36 | Let us close the second.txt file. |
| 07:39 | Similarly, there are other modes also. |
| 07:42 | Try out these options on your own and understand what happens. |
| 07:49 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarise. |
| 07:53 | In this tutorial we learnt to
|
| 08:03 | Here is an assignment for you.
Change the file attribute to +> in the writefile.pl program. |
| 08:11 | Save and execute the program. |
| 08:14 | Open the second.txt file to see the output. |
| 08:17 | Analyse the usage of file attribute +> |
| 08:22 | The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
Please download and watch it |
| 08:29 | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
|
| 08:37 | For more details, please write to us. |
| 08:41 | Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
| 08:48 | More information on this mission is available at this link. |
| 08:53 | This is Nirmala Venkat from IIT Bombay, signing off. Thanks for watching. |
