Difference between revisions of "BASH/C2/String-and-File-attributes/English-timed"

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|-
 
|-
 
| 00:01
 
| 00:01
−
|  Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''String and File Attributes comparison in Bash.'''
+
|  Dear friends, welcome to the '''spoken tutorial''' on '''String and File Attributes comparison in Bash.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:10
 
| 00:10
−
|   In this tutorial, we will learn
+
| In this tutorial, we will learn:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 00:13
 
| 00:13
−
| * '''String comparison''' and '''File attributes comparison'''
+
| * '''String comparison''' and '''File attributes comparison'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 00:22
 
| 00:22
−
|  For this tutorial, I am using  
+
|  For this tutorial, I am using:
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 00:34
 
| 00:34
−
| Please note,''' GNU Bash''' version '''4''' or above, is recommended to practise this tutorial.
+
| Please note,''' GNU Bash''' version '''4''' or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 00:53
 
| 00:53
−
| To compare two '''equal strings'''.
+
| to compare two '''equal strings'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 00:59
 
| 00:59
−
| To compare two '''not equal strings'''.
+
| to compare two '''not equal strings'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  01:06
 
|  01:06
−
|  I have a simple program here, that checks the user ID.
+
|  I have a simple program here that checks the user ID.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:11
 
| 01:11
−
|  Open a file in your editor and save it as '''strcompare dot sh'''
+
|  Open a file in your '''editor''' and '''save''' it as '''strcompare dot sh'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:19
 
|  01:19
−
| Now, type the code as shown here, in your '''strcompare dot sh''' file.
+
| Now type the code as shown here, in your '''strcompare dot sh''' file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 01:26   
 
| 01:26   
−
|  Let me explain the code.   
+
|  Let me explain the '''code'''.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 01:31
 
| 01:31
−
|  '''whoami''' command gives the '''username''' of the current '''user.'''
+
|  '''whoami''' '''command''' gives the '''username''' of the current '''user.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  01:36
 
|  01:36
−
|  The '''if''' statement checks the output of the variable '''whoami ''' against the '''string “root”'''.
+
|  The '''if''' statement checks the '''output''' of the variable '''whoami ''' against the '''string “root”'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 01:57
 
| 01:57
−
| '''“You have no permission to run strcompare dot sh as non-root user.”'''
+
| '''“You have no permission to run 'strcompare dot sh' as non-root user.”'''
  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:05
 
| 02:05
−
| Here '''$0 (dollar zero)''' is the '''zeroeth''' argument which is a filename itself.
+
| Here '''$0 (dollar zero)''' is the '''zeroth''' argument which is a 'file-name' itself.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  02:13
 
|  02:13
−
|  If the user is the '''root user''', it will '''echo -''' '''“Welcome root!”'''
+
|  If the user is the '''root user''', it will '''echo -''' '''“Welcome root!”'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:18
 
| 02:18
 
|  Then we have the '''exit''' statement for the program.
 
|  Then we have the '''exit''' statement for the program.
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 02:23
 
| 02:23
 
| And here with '''fi ''' we end the '''if statement.'''
 
| And here with '''fi ''' we end the '''if statement.'''
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  02:28  
 
|  02:28  
−
|  Let us switch back to our slides to know more about the '''exit statement.'''
+
|  Let us switch back to our '''slides''' to know more about the '''exit statement.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  02:56
 
|  02:56
−
|  Now, let's execute the program.
+
|  Now, let's '''execute''' the program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  02:58  
 
|  02:58  
−
|  Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl+Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
+
|  Open the '''terminal''' by pressing '''Ctrl+Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  03:12
 
|  03:12
−
| Type '''whoami'''
+
| Type '''whoami'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  03:17
 
|  03:17
−
| This will output the name of the current user.
+
| This will '''output''' the name of the current user.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 03:25
 
| 03:25
−
| Type '''chmod +x strcompare dot sh'''
+
| Type: '''chmod +x strcompare dot sh'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 03:32
 
| 03:32
−
| Type '''dot slash strcompare dot sh'''
+
| Type: '''dot slash strcompare dot sh'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 04:23   
 
| 04:23   
−
|  '''file1''' is the variable in which we save the path of the file.  
+
|  '''file1''' is the variable in which we '''save''' the '''path''' of the file.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  04:37
 
|  04:37
−
|  If the condition is '''true,'''  it will '''echo "File exists and is a normal file" '''
+
|  If the condition is '''True,'''  it will '''echo "File exists and is a normal file" '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:44
 
|  04:44
−
|  Else, it will '''echo "File does not exis" '''
+
|  Else, it will '''echo "File does not exist" '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:48
 
|  04:48
−
| Switch back to the '''terminal''' let us execute our file.
+
| Switch back to the '''terminal'''. Let us '''execute''' our file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  04:53  
 
|  04:53  
−
|  Type '''chmod  plus x fileattrib dot sh'''
+
|  Type: '''chmod  plus x fileattrib dot sh'''
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|  05:05  
 
|  05:05  
 
|  The output is displayed as:
 
|  The output is displayed as:
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  05:07
 
|  05:07
 
| '''File exists and is a normal file'''.
 
| '''File exists and is a normal file'''.
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 05:24
 
| 05:24
−
| Type '''gedit empty dot sh ampersand sign'''
+
| Type: '''gedit empty dot sh ampersand''' sign.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  05:45  
 
|  05:45  
−
| Type ''' empty dot sh '''
+
| Type ''' empty dot sh '''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  05:51
 
|  05:51
−
|  ''' “File exists and is not empty”'''
+
|  ''' “File exists and is not empty”'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 05:57
 
| 05:57
−
| ''' “File is empty”'''
+
| ''' “File is empty”'''.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 06:01  
 
| 06:01  
−
|  Come back to the terminal.   
+
|  Come back to the '''terminal'''.   
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:03  
 
| 06:03  
−
| Let me clear the prompt.
+
| Let me clear the '''prompt'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:06
 
| 06:06
−
| Let's execute.
+
| Let's '''execute'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 06:08  
 
| 06:08  
−
| Type '''dot slash fileattrib dot sh''' press '''Enter.'''
+
| Type: '''dot slash fileattrib dot sh''' press '''Enter.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  06:17
 
|  06:17
−
|  Now, let us see another file attribute, which will check the '''write premission''' of any file.
+
|  Now, let us see another file attribute which will check the '''write permission''' of any file.
−
 
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  06:36
 
|  06:36
−
| '''“User has write permission to this file”'''
+
| '''“User has write permission to this file”'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  06:43
 
|  06:43
−
| '''“User doesn't have write permission to this file”'''
+
| '''“User doesn't have write permission to this file”'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  06:53
 
|  06:53
−
| I will select a file, which is not a readable file or which does not have '''write permission'''.
+
| I will select a file which is not a readable file or which does not have '''write permission'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:01
 
|  07:01
−
|   Let me change the '''filepath''' to
+
| Let me change the '''file path''' to
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 07:12
 
| 07:12
−
| Let us execute our program.
+
| Let us '''execute''' our program.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  07:40
 
|  07:40
−
| Note that our filename is '''fileattrib2 dot sh'''
+
| Note that our file-name is '''fileattrib2 dot sh'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  07:46
 
|  07:46
−
| Let's go through the code.
+
| Let's go through the '''code'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:04  
 
| 08:04  
−
|  If the '''condition''' is '''true''', we print '''file1 is newer than  file2.'''
+
|  If the '''condition''' is '''True''', we print '''file1 is newer than  file2.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:21  
 
| 08:21  
−
| If the '''condition''' is '''true''', we print '''file1 is older than  file2.'''
+
| If the '''condition''' is '''True''', we print '''file1 is older than  file2.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  08:35
 
|  08:35
−
| First, we will edit '''empty1 dot sh''' file
+
| First, we will edit '''empty1 dot sh''' file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 08:42  
 
| 08:42  
−
| Type: '''echo within doubel quotes Hiii after the double quotes greater than sign empty one dot sh'''. Press '''Enter'''.
+
| Type: '''echo within double quotes Hiii after the double quotes greater than sign empty one dot sh'''. Press '''Enter'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  08:53   
 
|  08:53   
−
|  Now, let us make our script executeable.
+
|  Now, let us make our '''script''' executable.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 08:57   
 
| 08:57   
−
| Type '''chmod plus x fileattrib2 dot sh'''
+
| Type: '''chmod plus x fileattrib2 dot sh'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  09:03
 
|  09:03
 
|  Now type '''dot slash fileattrib2 dot sh'''
 
|  Now type '''dot slash fileattrib2 dot sh'''
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| 09:23
 
| 09:23
 
| Here also I will add an '''echo statement.'''
 
| Here also I will add an '''echo statement.'''
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  09:27
 
|  09:27
−
|  Type echo within double quotes '''How are you''' after the quotes (greater than sign) >'''empty2 dot sh'''.  
+
|  Type: echo within double quotes '''How are you''' after the quotes (greater than sign) >'''empty2 dot sh'''.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  09:38
 
|  09:38
−
| Let me clear the prompt.
+
| Let me clear the '''prompt'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 09:41
 
| 09:41
−
|  Now let us execute our script again.  
+
|  Now let us '''execute''' our '''script''' again.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 09:45
 
| 09:45
−
| Press the up-arrow key.  
+
| Press the '''up-arrow''' key.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 09:47
 
| 09:47
 
| Go to '''dot slash fileattrib2 dot sh''' Press '''Enter.'''
 
| Go to '''dot slash fileattrib2 dot sh''' Press '''Enter.'''
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  09:53  
 
|  09:53  
−
|  Now the output is displayed as:
+
|  Now the '''output''' is displayed as:
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  09:59  
 
|  09:59  
−
| And '''file1 is older than file2'''
+
| And '''file1 is older than file2'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:03
 
|  10:03
 
|  This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
 
|  This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
−
 
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:06
 
|  10:06
−
|  Let us summarise.
+
|  Let us summarize.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:08
 
| 10:08
−
| In this tutorial we learnt,
+
| In this tutorial, we learnt:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:11
 
| 10:11
−
| '''String comparison'''
+
|* '''String comparison'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:12
 
| 10:12
−
|'''file attributes'''
+
|* '''file attributes'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:14
 
| 10:14
−
|'''==(equal to equal to)'''
+
|* '''==(equal to equal to)'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:16
 
| 10:16
−
|'''!= (not equal to)'''
+
|* '''!= (not equal to)'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:17
 
| 10:17
−
|'''-f (hyphen f) '''
+
|* '''-f (hyphen f) '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:18
 
| 10:18
−
|'''-s'''(hyphen s)
+
|* '''-s'''(hyphen s)
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:19
 
| 10:19
−
|'''-w'''(hyphen w)
+
|* '''-w'''(hyphen w)
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:21
 
| 10:21
−
|'''-nt'''(hyphen nt)
+
|* '''-nt'''(hyphen nt)and
  
−
|-
+
|-
 
| 10:22
 
| 10:22
−
|and  '''-ot '''(hyphen ot)attributes.
+
|* '''-ot '''(hyphen ot) attributes.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:25
 
|  10:25
−
|   As an assignment
+
| As an assignment-
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:26
 
| 10:26
−
| Explore some more attributes.
+
| explore some more attributes.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:29
 
| 10:29
 
| Ex: '''-r '''
 
| Ex: '''-r '''
−
 
+
'''-x'''and
−
'''-x'''
+
'''-o'''
−
 
+
−
and '''-o'''
+
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:33
 
|  10:33
−
|  Watch the video available at the link shown below
+
|  Watch the video available at the link shown below.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:36
 
| 10:36
−
| It summarises the Spoken Tutorial project  
+
| It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:40
 
|  10:40
−
| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
+
| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:45
 
|  10:45
−
|  The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
+
|  The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10:47
 
| 10:47
−
| Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  
+
| Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  10:51
 
|  10:51
−
| Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  
+
| Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
|  11:02
 
|  11:02
−
|  Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
+
|  '''Spoken Tutorial''' project is a part of the '''Talk to a Teacher''' project.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 11:06
 
| 11:06
−
| It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
+
| It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  11:14
 
|  11:14
−
| More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below .
+
| More information on this mission is available at the link shown below .
  
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| 11:25
 
| 11:25
−
| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signning off.
+
| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
  
 
|-
 
|-

Revision as of 17:22, 3 July 2015

Title of script: String and File Attributes comparison in Bash

Author: Ashwini Patil

Keywords: video tutorial, ==, !=, string compare, file attributes.


Time Narration
00:01 Dear friends, welcome to the spoken tutorial on String and File Attributes comparison in Bash.
00:10 In this tutorial, we will learn:
00:13 * String comparison and File attributes comparison.
00:18 We will do this using a few examples.
00:22 For this tutorial, I am using:
00:25 * Ubuntu Linux 12.04 Operating System and
00:30 * GNU BASH version 4.1.10
00:34 Please note, GNU Bash version 4 or above is recommended to practice this tutorial.
00:42 Let us start with an introduction.
00:45 There are two ways to compare a string in Bash.
00:49 1) First: using == (equal to equal to) operator
00:53 to compare two equal strings.
00:56 2) Second: != (not equal to) operator.
00:59 to compare two not equal strings.
01:03 Let us look at an example.
01:06 I have a simple program here that checks the user ID.
01:11 Open a file in your editor and save it as strcompare dot sh.
01:19 Now type the code as shown here, in your strcompare dot sh file.
01:26 Let me explain the code.
01:28 This is shebang line.
01:31 whoami command gives the username of the current user.
01:36 The if statement checks the output of the variable whoami against the string “root”.
01:44 We have used not-equal to operator here to compare the strings.
01:50 If the current user is not the root user, then it will echo this statement -
01:57 “You have no permission to run 'strcompare dot sh' as non-root user.”


02:05 Here $0 (dollar zero) is the zeroth argument which is a 'file-name' itself.
02:13 If the user is the root user, it will echo - “Welcome root!”.
02:18 Then we have the exit statement for the program.
02:23 And here with fi we end the if statement.
02:28 Let us switch back to our slides to know more about the exit statement.
02:34 Every program returns an exit status.
02:38 A successful command returns a 0 (zero).
02:42 An erroneous command returns a non-zero value.
02:47 It can be interpreted as an error code.
02:51 We can customize return value of the exit statement .
02:56 Now, let's execute the program.
02:58 Open the terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
03:08 First, let's check the current user of the system.
03:12 Type whoami.
03:15 Press Enter.
03:17 This will output the name of the current user.
03:21 Now let's make our script executable.
03:25 Type: chmod +x strcompare dot sh
03:32 Type: dot slash strcompare dot sh
03:37 The output is displayed as:
03:39 You have no permission to run dot slash strcompare dot sh as non-root user.
03:47 Now let's execute the same program as root user.
03:52 Type: sudo dot slash strcompare dot sh
03:58 It will prompt for an password.
04:01 Give your password here.
04:04 The output is displayed as: Welcome root!.
04:08 Now, let's learn about the file attributes comparison.
04:13 I already have a working example of the code.
04:17 In this program, we will check whether a given file exists or not.
04:23 file1 is the variable in which we save the path of the file.
04:29 -(hyphen) f command checks whether the file exists or not.
04:33 And whether it is a normal file.
04:37 If the condition is True, it will echo "File exists and is a normal file" .
04:44 Else, it will echo "File does not exist" .
04:48 Switch back to the terminal. Let us execute our file.
04:53 Type: chmod plus x fileattrib dot sh
05:00 Type: dot slash fileattrib dot sh
05:05 The output is displayed as:
05:07 File exists and is a normal file.
05:11 Now we will check whether the file is empty or not.
05:16 Before executing our program, I will create an empty file named as empty dot sh.
05:24 Type: gedit empty dot sh ampersand sign.
05:31 Click on Save, close the file.
05:35 Let us replace - (hyphen) f attrib with - (hyphen) s attribute.
05:41 Replace the filename here as well.
05:45 Type empty dot sh .
05:47 Now, replace the first echo statement with:
05:51 “File exists and is not empty”.
05:54 And the second echo statement with:
05:57 “File is empty”.
05:59 Click on Save.
06:01 Come back to the terminal.
06:03 Let me clear the prompt.
06:06 Let's execute.
06:08 Type: dot slash fileattrib dot sh press Enter.
06:13 The output is File is empty.
06:17 Now, let us see another file attribute which will check the write permission of any file.
06:24 Come back to our program.
06:26 Let us replace the - (hyphen) s attribute with - (hyphen) w.
06:32 Now replace the first echo statement with:


06:36 “User has write permission to this file”.
06:40 And the second echo statement with:
06:43 “User doesn't have write permission to this file”.
06:47 Click on Save.
06:49 I will use a different file for this example.
06:53 I will select a file which is not a readable file or which does not have write permission.
07:01 Let me change the file path to
07:04 “slash etc slash mysql slash debian dot cnf”
07:10 Click on Save.
07:12 Let us execute our program.
07:15 Press the up-arrow key. Press Enter.
07:19 We see that the output is displayed as:
07:21 User doesn't have write permission to this file.
07:26 Now, let us see another example based on file attributes.
07:31 In this example, we will check whether file1 is newer than file2.
07:38 Let us see the program.
07:40 Note that our file-name is fileattrib2 dot sh
07:46 Let's go through the code.
07:48 Here we have two variables file1 and file2.
07:53 The two files have already been created and are empty.
07:58 Here we check whether file1 is newer than file2.
08:04 If the condition is True, we print file1 is newer than file2.
08:09 Else, file2 is newer than file1.
08:14 This is another if statement.
08:16 Here we check whether file1 is older than file2.
08:21 If the condition is True, we print file1 is older than file2.
08:27 Else, we print file2 is older than file1.
08:32 Come back to our terminal.
08:35 First, we will edit empty1 dot sh file.
08:39 I will just add an echo statement in it.
08:42 Type: echo within double quotes Hiii after the double quotes greater than sign empty one dot sh. Press Enter.
08:53 Now, let us make our script executable.
08:57 Type: chmod plus x fileattrib2 dot sh
09:03 Now type dot slash fileattrib2 dot sh
09:09 We see the output as:
09:11 file1 is newer than file2
09:15 file2 is older than file1
09:19 Now let's edit empty2 dot sh file.
09:23 Here also I will add an echo statement.
09:27 Type: echo within double quotes How are you after the quotes (greater than sign) >empty2 dot sh.
09:38 Let me clear the prompt.
09:41 Now let us execute our script again.
09:45 Press the up-arrow key.
09:47 Go to dot slash fileattrib2 dot sh Press Enter.
09:53 Now the output is displayed as:
09:55 file2 is newer than file1
09:59 And file1 is older than file2.
10:03 This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
10:06 Let us summarize.
10:08 In this tutorial, we learnt:
10:11 * String comparison
10:12 * file attributes
10:14 * ==(equal to equal to)
10:16 * != (not equal to)
10:17 * -f (hyphen f)
10:18 * -s(hyphen s)
10:19 * -w(hyphen w)
10:21 * -nt(hyphen nt)and
10:22 * -ot (hyphen ot) attributes.
10:25 As an assignment-
10:26 explore some more attributes.
10:29 Ex: -r

-xand -o

10:33 Watch the video available at the link shown below.
10:36 It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
10:40 If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
10:45 The Spoken Tutorial Project team:
10:47 Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials.
10:51 Gives certificates to those who pass an online test.
10:55 For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org
11:02 Spoken Tutorial project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
11:06 It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India.
11:14 More information on this mission is available at the link shown below .
11:19 The script has been contributed by Fossee and spoken-tutorial team.
11:25 This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay, signing off.
11:29 Thank You for joining.

Contributors and Content Editors

PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Ranjana, Sandhya.np14

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