Difference between revisions of "LaTeX-Old-Version/C2/Equations/English-timed"

|Welcome to this tutorial on creating '''equations''' through '''latex'''.  

|I have created a '''12pt''' size, '''article class''' document. And using '''AMSmath '''package''' and also using the 'ccliscences' package for creative commons copyright statement as here.  

|'''make title''', creates the title page. '''new page''' command, takes the rest of the document to a new page.  

|Align star, Frac d by dt of begin b-matrix, x_1, next line, x_2, end b-matrix.

|Let us now augment the vector with two more components.  

|You do it as follows. Next line x3, next line x4. Save it. Compile it. So I have four components.  

|Let me now say that this is equal to the right hand side matrix of begin b-matrix.

|And then, lets close this matrix. Save.  

| It is always a good idea to compile after very few small additions so that we have not made a mistake.  

|What we will do is, lets come here, get rid of these dollar signs. Save it.  

|Exit compilation by this x. recompile it and note that minus gamma has come. So we need one more line here, we put that. Zero, alpha without dollar sign, zero, zero. Alright, now this is the way to do that.

| Lets complete this equation. I have a few more terms here.  

|Let me just see if it is here, yes it is here.  

| Let us add one more aligned statement. And I have written this equation here.  

|Here is the equation, so let me say begin align star.  

|Let’s cut this. Copy this. Close this align. We compile it.  

|There are two problems with this. There is a large gap between the two equations and also we may want to align the equations.  

|In view of these observations, we put both of these equations into a single align star environment.  

|We will take care of that by telling latex to split this by the reverse slash. Two of them.  

|But the equations are not aligned. Suppose we want to align the equal to sign. Suppose we want to align these two signs, we put an ampersand symbol in front of the equal to signs here. Lets put it.  

|Suppose we want to introduce some text in between the equations without upsetting the alignment.

| This can be achieved using the inter-text command.

| So we remove, we made a mistake here, the delta mu has come here. So what we should do is, let us first, put this properly, compile this.  

|Now delta mu has come there. U of t is here.  

|Now we want introduce some text between these two. So the line separator slash, slash slash  is removed and in that place we introduce this text that we want to include.  

|Let’s take this text and put it there. Whatever text we want to put appears in braces with an inter-text command.  

|Lets compile this. So here is the text and you also have the equations aligned.  

|Note also the use of the dollar sign within the inter-text command.  

|Inter-text is like running text, so this is not part of the align environment. You need to include dollars here.  

|These equations don’t have numbers. In fact, the star in the aligned star command has told latex not to put the equation numbers.  

|Let us remove the star and see what the aligned environment does. Let’s remove the star here. Also remove the star here. Let’s see what happens.  

|Suppose this is the second equation I want to discretize, So I write this statement.  

|Let me compile it. So it says we will now discretize the PID controller given in equation 2.  

|Slash, slash, A equals B.  

|Now I have A equals B as the second equation. Now this has become the third equation.

| Here we have hardcoded that equation 2 has to be discretized but this is no longer the second equation.

| Hardcoding of equation numbers in referencing always has this problem. This is solved by the label command.

| So let us come here and here at the end of the equation we introduce ‘label equation PID’ and then here I write in equation ‘ref’, ref is the command, and whatever than comes here label, should appear here also, again within the braces,’ equation PID’.  

|Lets see what happens when I compile it.  

|On second compilation see what happens here – now it has become three. On second compilation the numbers become correct.  

|Let us now delete the A equals B equation.

|Let’s compile it. This equation 2 is gone, but you still have this three.  

|ON first compilation the reference gives the previous number, on second compilation the numbers become correct.  

|The labels are case sensitive. For example, here I have called it equation PID, PID is in capitals. Let’s change this to small PID.  

|Its only that these have to be identical, these need not be characters. For example, suppose I want to give numbers here, let me just put hundred, let me put 100. Save it. Compile it.  

|Okay, it doesn’t know it yet in the first compilation, but if I compile it a second time it will know. Numbers are the same.  

|And says section ref sec-100, shows how to write equations. Save it.  

|On next compilation this is taken care of.  

|So section 1, this number is the same as this one.  

|So this works for sections, sub-sections and so on. In fact with any environment that has a number associated with it.  

|Lets compile these. Once again. Alright.