Difference between revisions of "Linux/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration/English-timed"
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− | | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Basics of System Administration in Linux. | + | | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on '''Basics of System Administration''' in '''Linux'''. |
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| 00:09 | | 00:09 | ||
− | | In this tutorial we will learn the | + | | In this tutorial, we will learn the following. |
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| 00:13 | | 00:13 | ||
− | | | + | |* adduser |
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| 00:14 | | 00:14 | ||
− | | | + | |* su |
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| 00:16 | | 00:16 | ||
− | | | + | |* usermod |
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| 00:17 | | 00:17 | ||
− | | | + | |* userdel |
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| 00:18 | | 00:18 | ||
− | | | + | |* id |
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| 00:19 | | 00:19 | ||
− | | | + | |* du |
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| 00:20 | | 00:20 | ||
− | | | + | |* df |
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| 00:22 | | 00:22 | ||
− | | | + | | I am using '''Ubuntu 10.10''' for this tutorial. |
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| 00:27 | | 00:27 | ||
− | | | + | | As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on '''General Purpose Utilities in Linux''' |
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| 00:35 | | 00:35 | ||
− | | | + | | which is available on this website. |
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| 00:39 | | 00:39 | ||
− | | | + | | One must have "admin" access in order to execute the commands shown. |
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| 00:53 | | 00:53 | ||
− | | | + | | The "adduser" command will create a new user login for us along with authentication. |
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| 01:11 | | 01:11 | ||
− | | Sudo command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a super user. | + | | "Sudo" command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a '''super''' user. |
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| 01:19 | | 01:19 | ||
− | | The sudo command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial. | + | | The "sudo" command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial. |
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| 01:32 | | 01:32 | ||
− | | Open the “Terminal” by pressing the keys “Ctrl, Alt and t” | + | | Open the “Terminal” by pressing the keys “Ctrl, Alt and t” simultaneously on your keyboard. |
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| 01:49 | | 01:49 | ||
− | | Here type the command “sudo space adduser” and press Enter. | + | | Here, type the command “sudo space adduser” and press Enter. |
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| 02:07 | | 02:07 | ||
− | | The typed password on the terminal | + | | The typed password on the terminal is not visible. |
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| 02:16 | | 02:16 | ||
− | | Once done, a message “adduser : Only one or two names allowed” is displayed. | + | | Once done, a message “adduser: Only one or two names allowed” is displayed. |
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| 02:27 | | 02:27 | ||
− | | So let us create a new user account named “duck”. | + | | So, let us create a new user account named “duck”. |
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| 02:34 | | 02:34 | ||
− | | Type the command : | + | | Type the command: |
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| 02:36 | | 02:36 | ||
− | | sudo space adduser space duck | + | | sudo space adduser space duck and press Enter. |
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| 02:49 | | 02:49 | ||
− | | In the process of creating a new user, a | + | | In the process of creating a new user, a separate “home” directory for that user has also been created. |
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| 03:05 | | 03:05 | ||
− | | Type the password of your choice | + | | Type the password of your choice. In my case, I am going to type “duck” as the password and press Enter. |
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| 04:00 | | 04:00 | ||
− | | To do this, please type | + | | To do this, please type at the command prompt: |
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Revision as of 18:08, 11 March 2015
Time | Narration |
---|---|
00:02 | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Basics of System Administration in Linux. |
00:09 | In this tutorial, we will learn the following. |
00:13 | * adduser |
00:14 | * su |
00:16 | * usermod |
00:17 | * userdel |
00:18 | * id |
00:19 | * du |
00:20 | * df |
00:22 | I am using Ubuntu 10.10 for this tutorial. |
00:27 | As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on General Purpose Utilities in Linux |
00:35 | which is available on this website. |
00:39 | One must have "admin" access in order to execute the commands shown. |
00:47 | Let us first learn how to create a new user. |
00:53 | The "adduser" command will create a new user login for us along with authentication. |
01:01 | We can add any user account with the help of “sudo” command. |
01:06 | Let me give you a brief explanation about the “sudo” command. |
01:11 | "Sudo" command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a super user. |
01:19 | The "sudo" command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial. |
01:27 | Lets now learn how to create a “New User”. |
01:32 | Open the “Terminal” by pressing the keys “Ctrl, Alt and t” simultaneously on your keyboard. |
01:45 | I have already invoked the “Terminal” here. |
01:49 | Here, type the command “sudo space adduser” and press Enter. |
01:58 | You will be prompted for a password. |
02:01 | I will give the “Admin” password here and Enter. |
02:07 | The typed password on the terminal is not visible. |
02:11 | So we have to type the password carefully. |
02:16 | Once done, a message “adduser: Only one or two names allowed” is displayed. |
02:27 | So, let us create a new user account named “duck”. |
02:34 | Type the command: |
02:36 | sudo space adduser space duck and press Enter. |
02:45 | We have created a new user called “duck”. |
02:49 | In the process of creating a new user, a separate “home” directory for that user has also been created. |
02:58 | Please note that we will be prompted for a new password for the user “duck”. |
03:05 | Type the password of your choice. In my case, I am going to type “duck” as the password and press Enter. |
03:17 | Please type the new password again. |
03:20 | The password is asked twice for security reasons and for confirmation. |
03:26 | Now our password for the new user is updated. |
03:31 | We will be asked for other details too. |
03:35 | But for the time being, I will enter only the “Full Name” as “duck” and leave the rest of the details blank by pressing the Enter key. |
03:46 | Enter. |
03:47 | I will confirm this by entering “y”. |
03:51 | This is to confirm that all the information is correct. |
03:55 | Let us now check, if the user account has been created. |
04:00 | To do this, please type at the command prompt: |
04:04 | “ls space /(slash) home” |
04:09 | and press Enter. |
04:11 | To show the list of users in the home folder “ls” command is used. |
04:17 | And here is our newly created user named “duck”. |
04:23 | Let me switch back to the slides. |
04:26 | Now the next command is the “su” |
04:30 | “su” stands for “Switch User”. |
04:34 | This command is useful for switching from the current user to another user. |
04:39 | Let us go to the Terminal now. |
04:43 | Enter the command |
04:45 | “su space hyphen space duck” on the “Terminal”and press Enter. |
04:53 | You will be prompted for a password. |
04:56 | I shall type the user “duck's” password here please recall that it was “duck” itself. |
05:04 | Please notice that, the Terminal switches from the previous user to the new user, which is “duck” in our case. |
05:14 | To logout from this user, type |
05:17 | “logout” and hit Enter. |
05:22 | Now the terminal logs out from the current user “duck” and comes back to the previous user account, which is “vinhai” in our case. |
05:31 | Let us learn about the “usermod” command. |
05:35 | The “usermod” command |
05:37 | Enables a super user or root user to modify the settings of other user accounts such as |
05:46 | Change the password to no password or empty password. |
05:50 | Show the date on which the user account will be disabled. |
05:55 | Let us try this command and see. |
05:57 | Let me switch to the terminal now. |
05:59 | Let me show you how to set a date of expiry for the user account duck. |
06:05 | Here at the command prompt type |
06:09 | sudo space usermod space -(hyphen)e space 2012-(hyphen)12-(hyphen)27 space duck |
06:33 | and press Enter. |
06:37 | The user account expiry date is set as mentioned in the command here with the help of the option “-e”. |
06:46 | Now you have set an expiry date for the user account “duck”. |
06:52 | Let us now talk about the “uid” and “gid” commands. |
06:57 | “id – command” is used to check the identities of all the users and groups |
07:04 | To know about the identity of the user, we use “id space -(hyphen)u”. |
07:12 | To know about the identity of the group users, it is “id space -(hyphen)g” |
07:20 | Now lets work on this. |
07:22 | At the terminal, let us type |
07:25 | “id” and press Enter. |
07:29 | Now we can see the User IDs and Group IDs on the system that we are using |
07:37 | To get only the user id, we use “-(hyphen)u” option. |
07:43 | Let us type the command, “id space -(hyphen)u” |
07:49 | and press enter. |
07:50 | Now we can see only the ids of the users. |
07:55 | But what if we need to know the names of the users? |
08:00 | To find that out, we will type |
08:02 | “id space -(hyphen)n space -(hyphen)u” on the terminal hereand press Enter. |
08:13 | Now we can see the names of the users instead of their ids. |
08:20 | Let us now learn the commands for Group IDs. |
08:24 | Lets type “ id space -(hyphen)g”. |
08:29 | Here we can see the group ids. |
08:32 | If we want to view all the current user's group IDs, type |
08:38 | “id space -(hyphen) (capital)G” and press Enter. |
08:46 | Please notice that I have typed G in capital letter. |
08:50 | See the result for yourself. |
08:53 | Now let us learn how to delete a user account. |
08:57 | For this we use “userdel” command. |
09:00 | We can delete an user account permanently with the help of the “userdel” command. |
09:07 | Lets try this on the terminal. |
09:09 | Here type “sudo space userdel space -(hyphen)r space duck”. |
09:22 | I have used the -(hyphen)r option. |
09:25 | This is to remove the user along with his home directory. |
09:30 | Let us press Enter and see what happens. |
09:34 | Now the user “duck” has been deleted. |
09:38 | Check this by typing |
09:41 | “ls space /(slash)home” and press the Enter. |
09:47 | We will find that, the user account “duck” has been deleted. |
09:53 | Let me go back to the slides now. |
09:56 | Some of the useful commands in Linux System Administration are “df” and “du” |
10:03 | The “df” command gives a report on the free space available on the disk. |
10:08 | And the “du” command gives a report on how much space a file has occupied. |
10:13 | Please try these two commands and find the output for yourself as an assignment. |
10:19 | Let us shift to the terminal, I shall show you a fewuseful options used with the “df” command. |
10:26 | Please type df space -(hyphen)h and press Enter. |
10:33 | Here it shows the size of the Filesystem, and the space is used. |
10:38 | It also shows the space mounted on in a human readable format. |
10:46 | Let us now try some options with the “du” command |
10:50 | At this point i assume that you have created some text files in your home folder. |
10:57 | If not please refer to the tutorial on “General Purpose Utilities in Linux”. |
11:04 | I have already created some text files in my home directory to execute the commands. |
11:11 | Goto “home folder” on the terminal by typing |
11:15 | “cd space /(slash) home” and press Enter. |
11:20 | Then type du space -(hyphen)s space *. (astrix) dot txt and press enter. |
11:33 | This command will give you a report on the txt files available in the directory along with its file sizes. |
11:43 | As an assignment, at the command prompt type |
11:47 | “du space -(hyphen)ch space *.(astrix dot)txt” and see what happens. |
11:59 | Let me go back to the slides. |
12:01 | To summarise, we have learnt: |
12:03 | “adduser” command to create a new user. |
12:06 | “su” command to switch from one user to another user. |
12:09 | “usermod” command to change the user account settings. |
12:12 | “userdel” command to delete the user account. |
12:15 | id command to know the information about user ids and group ids. |
12:20 | “df” command to check the file system size and its availability. |
12:24 | “du” command to check the space occupied by a file. |
12:27 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial on “Basics of system administration” |
12.33 | The video available at this url, |
12:37 | Summarises the Spoken Tutorial project. |
12:40 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
12:44 | We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials. We also give certificates to those who pass an online test. Please contact us for more details. |
12:53 | Spoken Tutorial is a part of the “Talk to a Teacher” project
Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India. |
13:03 | More information is available on this url |
13:08 | This script has been contributed by ----------------------(name of the translator) |
13:12 | and this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off. Thanks for watching. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Minal, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sakinashaikh, Sandhya.np14, Vasudeva ahitanal