Difference between revisions of "Scilab/C2/Getting-Started/English-timed"
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{| border=1 | {| border=1 | ||
− | + | |'''Time''' | |
− | + | |'''Narration''' | |
− | + | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:02 |
− | |Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. | + | |Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Getting Started''' with Scilab. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:07 |
| In this tutorial we are going to learn: | | In this tutorial we are going to learn: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:09 |
− | | The use Scilab as a calculator. | + | |* The use of Scilab as a calculator. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:12 |
− | | How to | + | |* How to store values in a variable. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:15 |
− | | How to | + | |* How to perform various mathematical operations using these variables. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:21 |
− | | How to | + | |* How to create a file, to store commands executed during the session, in the current working directory. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:29 |
− | | How to define complex numbers. | + | |* How to define complex numbers. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:31 |
− | | How to | + | |* How to perform exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric operations on numbers. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:38 |
− | |The prerequisite for this tutorial | + | |The prerequisite for this tutorial is- Scilab should be installed on your computer. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:44 |
− | | I am using Scilab 5.2.0 and Mac OS/X for demonstration | + | | I am using '''Scilab 5.2.0''' and '''Mac OS/X''' for demonstration. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:51 |
|Here is the Flow chart for the tutorial. | |Here is the Flow chart for the tutorial. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |00 | + | |00:55 |
− | |Click on the Scilab shortcut icon on your Desktop and Start Scilab. | + | |Click on the '''Scilab shortcut icon''' on your Desktop and Start Scilab. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:01 |
| This is the Scilab console window. Notice that the cursor is on the command prompt. | | This is the Scilab console window. Notice that the cursor is on the command prompt. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:07 |
| I suggest that you practice this tutorial in Scilab simultaneously while pausing the video at regular intervals of time. | | I suggest that you practice this tutorial in Scilab simultaneously while pausing the video at regular intervals of time. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:16 |
|Scilab can be used as a calculator. | |Scilab can be used as a calculator. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:19 |
|Let us see some of the basic operations that it can do. | |Let us see some of the basic operations that it can do. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:25 |
− | | Type 42 plus 4 multiplied by 4 minus 64 divided 4 and press | + | | Type 42 plus 4 multiplied by 4 minus 64 divided by 4 and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:36 |
| The output is 42, as expected. | | The output is 42, as expected. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:39 |
|Note that the answer 42 is stored in the default variable "a n s". | |Note that the answer 42 is stored in the default variable "a n s". | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:45 |
|We can also create named variables: Type, | |We can also create named variables: Type, | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |01 | + | |01:49 |
− | | a equals 12, b=21 , c=33 and press | + | | a equals 12, b=21 , c=33 and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:00 |
| This stores the values 12, 21 and 33 in the variables a, b and c respectively. | | This stores the values 12, 21 and 33 in the variables a, b and c respectively. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:08 |
− | | I will clear the scilab console using the clc command here | + | | I will clear the scilab console using the '''clc''' command here. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:13 |
|Now we will perform some mathematical operations using these variables. | |Now we will perform some mathematical operations using these variables. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:19 |
| For example, | | For example, | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:21 |
− | | a+b+c gives the result 66 | + | | a+b+c gives the result 66; |
|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:27 |
|also | |also | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:29 |
| a times into bracket | | a times into bracket | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:35 |
− | | b plus c gives the result 648 | + | | b plus c gives the result 648. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:41 |
|We can also assign the answer to another variable say 'd' by typing d = bracket a+b close the bracket multiplied by c gives the answer | |We can also assign the answer to another variable say 'd' by typing d = bracket a+b close the bracket multiplied by c gives the answer | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |02 | + | |02:58 |
| d = 1089. | | d = 1089. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:01 |
|We can check the values in the variables by typing the names of the variables separated by commas on the command line as | |We can check the values in the variables by typing the names of the variables separated by commas on the command line as | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:09 |
− | | a,b,c,d and press | + | | a,b,c,d and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:16 |
− | | I will clear the console here using the clc command | + | | I will clear the console here using the '''clc''' command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:21 |
|To take the power, use the “raised to” symbol which is located on the number key 6 of your keyboard. | |To take the power, use the “raised to” symbol which is located on the number key 6 of your keyboard. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:29 |
− | |Press ' | + | |Press 'Shift key' and number key 6 to use this symbol. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:34 |
| for example, 7 square can be found by 7 raised to 2 and press Enter. | | for example, 7 square can be found by 7 raised to 2 and press Enter. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:43 |
− | |For finding the square root of a number, say, 17, we use : sqrt of 17 | + | |For finding the square root of a number, say, 17, we use : '''sqrt''' of 17. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |03 | + | |03:55 |
|This is same as 17 raised to the power of zero point five. | |This is same as 17 raised to the power of zero point five. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:06 |
|By convention, only the positive value comes as output. | |By convention, only the positive value comes as output. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:10 |
| More generally, to find 34 to the power of (2 by 5), type: | | More generally, to find 34 to the power of (2 by 5), type: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:15 |
− | |34 raised to bracket 2 | + | |34 raised to bracket 2 divided by 5 close the bracket and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:25 |
− | | Negative powers can also be used | + | | Negative powers can also be used. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:28 |
− | | Clear the cansole using clc command | + | | Clear the cansole using '''clc''' command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:33 |
| So far, you have seen how to do some simple calculations and how to create variables in Scilab. | | So far, you have seen how to do some simple calculations and how to create variables in Scilab. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:40 |
| Now let us start with the new command. | | Now let us start with the new command. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:43 |
− | | This will | + | | This will help remember commands which were previously issued along with the outputs. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:49 |
− | | First type the command pwd and press Enter | + | | First, type the command '''pwd''' and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:55 |
| This is the current working directory (on my computer). | | This is the current working directory (on my computer). | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |04 | + | |04:58 |
− | |It might be different on your computer | + | |It might be different on your computer. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |05 | + | |05:01 |
− | |The current working directory can be changed by clicking the changed current directory icon located on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. | + | |The current working directory can be changed by clicking the changed current directory icon, located on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |05 | + | |05:15 |
|Now issue the diary command by typing: | |Now issue the diary command by typing: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |05 | + | |05:20 |
− | | diary bracket, open inverted commas, myrecord.txt close inverted commas, close the bracket and press | + | | '''diary bracket, open inverted commas, myrecord.txt close inverted commas, close the bracket''' and press '''Enter'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |05 | + | |05:40 |
|This command will create a file with the name "myrecord.txt" in the current working directory. | |This command will create a file with the name "myrecord.txt" in the current working directory. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |05 | + | |05:48 |
| A transcript of the Scilab session from now onwards will be saved in this file. | | A transcript of the Scilab session from now onwards will be saved in this file. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |05 | + | |05:53 |
| Its usefulness will be demonstrated at a later stage in this tutorial. | | Its usefulness will be demonstrated at a later stage in this tutorial. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | 06 | + | | 06:00 |
|Please pause the tutorial now and attempt exercise number one given with the video. | |Please pause the tutorial now and attempt exercise number one given with the video. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |06 | + | |06:07 |
|Now, let us see how Scilab handles complex numbers. | |Now, let us see how Scilab handles complex numbers. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |06 | + | |06:13 |
− | | The imaginary unit i is defined in Scilab as percent i: | + | | The imaginary unit '''i''' is defined in Scilab as '''percent i''': |
|- | |- | ||
− | |06 | + | |06:18 |
− | | For example | + | | For example,Five point two multiplied percent i gives 5.2i; |
|- | |- | ||
− | |06 | + | |06:29 |
|also bracket 10 plus 5 into percent i whole multiply by 2 times percent i gives the result -10. + 20.i | |also bracket 10 plus 5 into percent i whole multiply by 2 times percent i gives the result -10. + 20.i | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |06 | + | |06:58 |
− | | Now clear the console here | + | | Now clear the console here. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:04 |
|Let us see some other predefined numerical constants available in Scilab. | |Let us see some other predefined numerical constants available in Scilab. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:09 |
| As with i, their names also start with the percent sign: | | As with i, their names also start with the percent sign: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:13 |
− | | For example, percent pi. | + | | For example, '''percent pi''' (%pi). |
|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:18 |
− | | The value of pi is as expected. | + | | The value of '''pi''' is as expected. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:21 |
− | |Now, we will demonstrate the use of pi using a few built-in trigonometric functions as follows. | + | |Now, we will demonstrate the use of '''pi''' using a few built-in trigonometric functions as follows. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:27 |
− | | For the functions | + | | For the functions '''sine of percent pi by 2''' the result is 1. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 07 | + | | 07:37 |
− | | | + | |And for '''cos of percent pi by 2''' the result is 6.123D-17. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:50 |
|Please note that the angles are measured in radians and | |Please note that the angles are measured in radians and | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:54 |
− | | | + | | notice that the second answer is zero for all practical purposes. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |07 | + | |07:59 |
− | | %eps is related to number known as "machine epsilon", | + | | '''%eps''' is related to number known as "machine epsilon", |
|- | |- | ||
− | |08 | + | |08:03 |
| It is the minimum digit resolution that Scilab can give. | | It is the minimum digit resolution that Scilab can give. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |08 | + | |08:08 |
− | |Type % eps on your console to find its value on your computer. | + | |Type '''%eps''' on your console to find its value on your computer. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |08 | + | |08:19 |
− | | On my computer it gives 2.220D-16 | + | | On my computer it gives 2.220D-16. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |08 | + | |08:24 |
| This shows the floating point precision used by Scilab . | | This shows the floating point precision used by Scilab . | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |08 | + | |08:28 |
− | | This number is a notation for 2.22 times 10^(-16). | + | | This number is a notation for 2.22 times 10^(-16). Clear the console here. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |08 | + | |08:41 |
|If one wants to write 0.000456, one can write it as 4.56d-4 or 4.56e-4. | |If one wants to write 0.000456, one can write it as 4.56d-4 or 4.56e-4. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:06 |
− | |While scilab variables and functions are case-sensitive, here we can use small d or capital D, | + | |While scilab variables and functions are case-sensitive, here we can use small d or capital D, small e or capital E. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:16 |
|The base of the natural logarithm is another important predefined numerical constant: | |The base of the natural logarithm is another important predefined numerical constant: | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:22 |
− | | percent e gives the result as expected. | + | | '''percent e''' (%e) gives the result as expected. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:30 |
− | |We can achieve the same result with the function "e x p | + | |We can achieve the same result with the function "e x p". |
|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:35 |
− | | For example: exp bracket | + | | For example: exp bracket 1 close the bracket and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:44 |
− | | You can see both the answers are same | + | | You can see both the answers are same. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:47 |
− | |Clear the console using the clc command here. | + | |Clear the console using the '''clc''' command here. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:55 |
|similarly, | |similarly, | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |09 | + | |09:56 |
| %e square gives the following answer | | %e square gives the following answer | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10:04 |
|which can also be achieved by typing exp of 2 . | |which can also be achieved by typing exp of 2 . | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10:18 |
− | |The command log means the natural logarithm of a number, that is, to the base e. | + | |The command '''log''' means the natural logarithm of a number, that is, to the base e. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10:23 |
| Use log 10 for taking the logarithm with respect to base 10. | | Use log 10 for taking the logarithm with respect to base 10. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10:29 |
− | | For example, log10 bracket 1e minus 23 close bracket and press | + | | For example, log10 bracket 1e minus 23 close bracket and press Enter, this gives the expected answer -23. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10:47 |
− | | We get complex numbers when taking logarithm of negative. | + | | We get complex numbers when taking logarithm of negative . |
|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10:51 |
| For complex numbers you can check this for yourself type : log of -1 or log of %i on your scilab console. | | For complex numbers you can check this for yourself type : log of -1 or log of %i on your scilab console. | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:01 |
− | |Now recall that we invoked a recording of all the typed commands into the file myrecord.txt through the diary command | + | |Now recall that we invoked a recording of all the typed commands into the file myrecord.txt through the diary command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:09 |
|Now, let's see how to close that file and view it. | |Now, let's see how to close that file and view it. | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:13 |
− | | For closing the file, type | + | | For closing the file, type |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:16 |
− | | diary of zero | + | | '''diary of zero'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:21 |
| This command will close and save the file myrecord.txt. | | This command will close and save the file myrecord.txt. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:26 |
| Also recall that this file was created in current working directory, which in my case is desktop. | | Also recall that this file was created in current working directory, which in my case is desktop. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:34 |
− | |Let us open this file | + | |Let us open this file. To do so, click on the '''Open-a-file''' shortcut icon on your scilab console window toolbar. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:46 |
− | | I will change the file format to | + | | I will change the file format to '''All Files'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:51 |
|Select the file myrecord.txt and click on Open. | |Select the file myrecord.txt and click on Open. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |11 | + | |11:59 |
|Note that all transactions, both commands and the corresponding answers given by Scilab, have been saved into this file. | |Note that all transactions, both commands and the corresponding answers given by Scilab, have been saved into this file. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:10 |
|I will close this file. | |I will close this file. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:15 |
− | |Click | + | |Click '''Yes'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:21 |
− | |We know that | + | |We know that while a program is being developed, one experiments a lot with the code before arriving at suitable code. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:29 |
|Diary command helps to keep track of all the transactions. | |Diary command helps to keep track of all the transactions. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:35 |
− | | If you recall that | + | | If you recall that we had closed the file my record.txt using the command '''diary of zero''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:42 |
− | | | + | | please note that no transactions can be saved after executing this command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12:48 |
|If we need to save the session once again, we need to issue the diary command again. | |If we need to save the session once again, we need to issue the diary command again. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | 12 | + | | 12:54 |
− | |If the file contains some useful information, then one should use | + | |If the file contains some useful information, then one should use some other file name in the diary command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 13 | + | | 13:03 |
− | | Because | + | | Because use of same file name will overwrite the existing file. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 13 | + | | 13:09 |
|Pause the video here and solve the second exercise given with the video. | |Pause the video here and solve the second exercise given with the video. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | 13 | + | | 13:15 |
|You may have noticed that the solution for the problem was not exactly zero. | |You may have noticed that the solution for the problem was not exactly zero. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | | 13 | + | | 13:21 |
| For more information on how to deal with this, type “help clean”. | | For more information on how to deal with this, type “help clean”. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |13 | + | |13:27 |
|In general, if you need help about a particular command, then the 'help' or help with an argument command can be used. | |In general, if you need help about a particular command, then the 'help' or help with an argument command can be used. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |13 | + | |13:37 |
− | | For example, type “help chdir” on the scilab console and press | + | | For example, type “help chdir” on the scilab console and press Enter. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |13 | + | |13:53 |
− | | I will increase the size of the | + | | I will increase the size of the '''Help Browser'''. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 14 | + | | 14:01 |
− | | Help chdir gives detailed information on how to change the current working directory. | + | | '''Help chdir''' gives detailed information on how to change the current working directory. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 14 | + | | 14:10 |
− | | Another option is to click on the | + | | Another option is to click on the Help Browser icon on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14 | + | |14:20 |
− | | Let me close the | + | | Let me close the Help Browser and coming back to the slides. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14 | + | |14:31 |
− | | The up - down arrow keys can | + | | The up - down arrow keys can be used to see the previously executed commands. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14 | + | |14:36 |
− | |While using the up - down arrows, you can stop at any command | + | |While using the up - down arrows, you can stop at any command and press Enter to execute it. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |14 | + | |14:45 |
− | | You can edit the commands | + | | You can edit the commands if necessary. |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 14 | + | | 14:48 |
| In fact, you are looking for a previous command you typed, which started with the letter 'e', then type e, and then use up arrow key. | | In fact, you are looking for a previous command you typed, which started with the letter 'e', then type e, and then use up arrow key. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |14 | + | |14:59 |
− | |Use tab key to auto-complete the | + | |Use tab key to auto-complete the command. It gives us all the available options to choose. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:07 |
|In this tutorial we have learnt : | |In this tutorial we have learnt : | ||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:10 |
− | |Use of Scilab as a calculator . | + | |* Use of Scilab as a calculator . |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:12 |
− | | Store the result in the default variable ans. | + | |* Store the result in the default variable ans. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:16 |
− | | Assign values to the variable using the equality sign. | + | |* Assign values to the variable using the equality sign. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:20 |
− | | Check values in variables by typing the name of the variable separated by commas on the console. | + | |* Check values in variables by typing the name of the variable separated by commas on the console. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:28 |
− | | Check the current working directory using pwd command. | + | |* Check the current working directory using pwd command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:34 |
− | | Use diary command to save all commands typed on the console into a file. | + | |* Use diary command to save all commands typed on the console into a file. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:40 |
− | | Define complex numbers, natural exponents and π using %i, %e and %pi respectively. | + | |* Define complex numbers, natural exponents and π using %i, %e and %pi respectively. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:49 |
− | | Use help command for detailed information about any command. | + | |* Use help command for detailed information about any command. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |15 | + | |15:54 |
|This brings us to the end of this spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. | |This brings us to the end of this spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. | ||
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− | |15 | + | |15:59 |
| There are many other functions in Scilab which will be covered in other spoken tutorials. | | There are many other functions in Scilab which will be covered in other spoken tutorials. | ||
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− | |16 | + | |16:06 |
− | | This spoken tutorial has been created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). | + | | This spoken tutorial has been: created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). |
|- | |- | ||
− | |16 | + | |16:14 |
− | | More information on the FOSSEE project could be obtained from http://fossee.in or http://scilab.in website | + | | More information on the FOSSEE project could be obtained from http://fossee.in or http://scilab.in website. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |16 | + | |16:22 |
− | | | + | | Supported by the National Mission on Eduction through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |16 | + | |16:29 |
− | | More information on this please visit spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen intro | + | | For More information on this, please visit spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen intro. |
|- | |- | ||
− | |16 | + | |16:43 |
|I hope you find this spoken tutorial useful for learning. | |I hope you find this spoken tutorial useful for learning. | ||
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− | |16 | + | |16:47 |
| Thank you. | | Thank you. | ||
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− | |16 | + | |16:48 |
− | | This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay signing off. | + | | This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay, signing off. |
Latest revision as of 09:27, 19 February 2015
Time | Narration |
00:02 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. |
00:07 | In this tutorial we are going to learn: |
00:09 | * The use of Scilab as a calculator. |
00:12 | * How to store values in a variable. |
00:15 | * How to perform various mathematical operations using these variables. |
00:21 | * How to create a file, to store commands executed during the session, in the current working directory. |
00:29 | * How to define complex numbers. |
00:31 | * How to perform exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric operations on numbers. |
00:38 | The prerequisite for this tutorial is- Scilab should be installed on your computer. |
00:44 | I am using Scilab 5.2.0 and Mac OS/X for demonstration. |
00:51 | Here is the Flow chart for the tutorial. |
00:55 | Click on the Scilab shortcut icon on your Desktop and Start Scilab. |
01:01 | This is the Scilab console window. Notice that the cursor is on the command prompt. |
01:07 | I suggest that you practice this tutorial in Scilab simultaneously while pausing the video at regular intervals of time. |
01:16 | Scilab can be used as a calculator. |
01:19 | Let us see some of the basic operations that it can do. |
01:25 | Type 42 plus 4 multiplied by 4 minus 64 divided by 4 and press Enter. |
01:36 | The output is 42, as expected. |
01:39 | Note that the answer 42 is stored in the default variable "a n s". |
01:45 | We can also create named variables: Type, |
01:49 | a equals 12, b=21 , c=33 and press Enter. |
02:00 | This stores the values 12, 21 and 33 in the variables a, b and c respectively. |
02:08 | I will clear the scilab console using the clc command here. |
02:13 | Now we will perform some mathematical operations using these variables. |
02:19 | For example, |
02:21 | a+b+c gives the result 66; |
02:27 | also |
02:29 | a times into bracket |
02:35 | b plus c gives the result 648. |
02:41 | We can also assign the answer to another variable say 'd' by typing d = bracket a+b close the bracket multiplied by c gives the answer |
02:58 | d = 1089. |
03:01 | We can check the values in the variables by typing the names of the variables separated by commas on the command line as |
03:09 | a,b,c,d and press Enter. |
03:16 | I will clear the console here using the clc command. |
03:21 | To take the power, use the “raised to” symbol which is located on the number key 6 of your keyboard. |
03:29 | Press 'Shift key' and number key 6 to use this symbol. |
03:34 | for example, 7 square can be found by 7 raised to 2 and press Enter. |
03:43 | For finding the square root of a number, say, 17, we use : sqrt of 17. |
03:55 | This is same as 17 raised to the power of zero point five. |
04:06 | By convention, only the positive value comes as output. |
04:10 | More generally, to find 34 to the power of (2 by 5), type: |
04:15 | 34 raised to bracket 2 divided by 5 close the bracket and press Enter. |
04:25 | Negative powers can also be used. |
04:28 | Clear the cansole using clc command. |
04:33 | So far, you have seen how to do some simple calculations and how to create variables in Scilab. |
04:40 | Now let us start with the new command. |
04:43 | This will help remember commands which were previously issued along with the outputs. |
04:49 | First, type the command pwd and press Enter. |
04:55 | This is the current working directory (on my computer). |
04:58 | It might be different on your computer. |
05:01 | The current working directory can be changed by clicking the changed current directory icon, located on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
05:15 | Now issue the diary command by typing: |
05:20 | diary bracket, open inverted commas, myrecord.txt close inverted commas, close the bracket and press Enter. |
05:40 | This command will create a file with the name "myrecord.txt" in the current working directory. |
05:48 | A transcript of the Scilab session from now onwards will be saved in this file. |
05:53 | Its usefulness will be demonstrated at a later stage in this tutorial. |
06:00 | Please pause the tutorial now and attempt exercise number one given with the video. |
06:07 | Now, let us see how Scilab handles complex numbers. |
06:13 | The imaginary unit i is defined in Scilab as percent i: |
06:18 | For example,Five point two multiplied percent i gives 5.2i; |
06:29 | also bracket 10 plus 5 into percent i whole multiply by 2 times percent i gives the result -10. + 20.i |
06:58 | Now clear the console here. |
07:04 | Let us see some other predefined numerical constants available in Scilab. |
07:09 | As with i, their names also start with the percent sign: |
07:13 | For example, percent pi (%pi). |
07:18 | The value of pi is as expected. |
07:21 | Now, we will demonstrate the use of pi using a few built-in trigonometric functions as follows. |
07:27 | For the functions sine of percent pi by 2 the result is 1. |
07:37 | And for cos of percent pi by 2 the result is 6.123D-17. |
07:50 | Please note that the angles are measured in radians and |
07:54 | notice that the second answer is zero for all practical purposes. |
07:59 | %eps is related to number known as "machine epsilon", |
08:03 | It is the minimum digit resolution that Scilab can give. |
08:08 | Type %eps on your console to find its value on your computer. |
08:19 | On my computer it gives 2.220D-16. |
08:24 | This shows the floating point precision used by Scilab . |
08:28 | This number is a notation for 2.22 times 10^(-16). Clear the console here. |
08:41 | If one wants to write 0.000456, one can write it as 4.56d-4 or 4.56e-4. |
09:06 | While scilab variables and functions are case-sensitive, here we can use small d or capital D, small e or capital E. |
09:16 | The base of the natural logarithm is another important predefined numerical constant: |
09:22 | percent e (%e) gives the result as expected. |
09:30 | We can achieve the same result with the function "e x p". |
09:35 | For example: exp bracket 1 close the bracket and press Enter. |
09:44 | You can see both the answers are same. |
09:47 | Clear the console using the clc command here. |
09:55 | similarly, |
09:56 | %e square gives the following answer |
10:04 | which can also be achieved by typing exp of 2 . |
10:18 | The command log means the natural logarithm of a number, that is, to the base e. |
10:23 | Use log 10 for taking the logarithm with respect to base 10. |
10:29 | For example, log10 bracket 1e minus 23 close bracket and press Enter, this gives the expected answer -23. |
10:47 | We get complex numbers when taking logarithm of negative . |
10:51 | For complex numbers you can check this for yourself type : log of -1 or log of %i on your scilab console. |
11:01 | Now recall that we invoked a recording of all the typed commands into the file myrecord.txt through the diary command. |
11:09 | Now, let's see how to close that file and view it. |
11:13 | For closing the file, type |
11:16 | diary of zero. |
11:21 | This command will close and save the file myrecord.txt. |
11:26 | Also recall that this file was created in current working directory, which in my case is desktop. |
11:34 | Let us open this file. To do so, click on the Open-a-file shortcut icon on your scilab console window toolbar. |
11:46 | I will change the file format to All Files. |
11:51 | Select the file myrecord.txt and click on Open. |
11:59 | Note that all transactions, both commands and the corresponding answers given by Scilab, have been saved into this file. |
12:10 | I will close this file. |
12:15 | Click Yes. |
12:21 | We know that while a program is being developed, one experiments a lot with the code before arriving at suitable code. |
12:29 | Diary command helps to keep track of all the transactions. |
12:35 | If you recall that we had closed the file my record.txt using the command diary of zero |
12:42 | please note that no transactions can be saved after executing this command. |
12:48 | If we need to save the session once again, we need to issue the diary command again. |
12:54 | If the file contains some useful information, then one should use some other file name in the diary command. |
13:03 | Because use of same file name will overwrite the existing file. |
13:09 | Pause the video here and solve the second exercise given with the video. |
13:15 | You may have noticed that the solution for the problem was not exactly zero. |
13:21 | For more information on how to deal with this, type “help clean”. |
13:27 | In general, if you need help about a particular command, then the 'help' or help with an argument command can be used. |
13:37 | For example, type “help chdir” on the scilab console and press Enter. |
13:53 | I will increase the size of the Help Browser. |
14:01 | Help chdir gives detailed information on how to change the current working directory. |
14:10 | Another option is to click on the Help Browser icon on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
14:20 | Let me close the Help Browser and coming back to the slides. |
14:31 | The up - down arrow keys can be used to see the previously executed commands. |
14:36 | While using the up - down arrows, you can stop at any command and press Enter to execute it. |
14:45 | You can edit the commands if necessary. |
14:48 | In fact, you are looking for a previous command you typed, which started with the letter 'e', then type e, and then use up arrow key. |
14:59 | Use tab key to auto-complete the command. It gives us all the available options to choose. |
15:07 | In this tutorial we have learnt : |
15:10 | * Use of Scilab as a calculator . |
15:12 | * Store the result in the default variable ans. |
15:16 | * Assign values to the variable using the equality sign. |
15:20 | * Check values in variables by typing the name of the variable separated by commas on the console. |
15:28 | * Check the current working directory using pwd command. |
15:34 | * Use diary command to save all commands typed on the console into a file. |
15:40 | * Define complex numbers, natural exponents and π using %i, %e and %pi respectively. |
15:49 | * Use help command for detailed information about any command. |
15:54 | This brings us to the end of this spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. |
15:59 | There are many other functions in Scilab which will be covered in other spoken tutorials. |
16:06 | This spoken tutorial has been: created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). |
16:14 | More information on the FOSSEE project could be obtained from http://fossee.in or http://scilab.in website. |
16:22 | Supported by the National Mission on Eduction through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
16:29 | For More information on this, please visit spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen intro. |
16:43 | I hope you find this spoken tutorial useful for learning. |
16:47 | Thank you. |
16:48 | This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay, signing off. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Gaurav, Jyotisolanki, Krupali, PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14, Sneha