Difference between revisions of "Scilab/C2/Getting-Started/English-timed"
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|00:09 | |00:09 | ||
− | | The use of Scilab as a calculator. | + | |* The use of Scilab as a calculator. |
|- | |- | ||
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|00:12 | |00:12 | ||
− | | How to store values in a variable. | + | |* How to store values in a variable. |
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|00:15 | |00:15 | ||
− | | How to perform various mathematical operations using these variables. | + | |* How to perform various mathematical operations using these variables. |
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|00:21 | |00:21 | ||
− | | How to create a file, to store commands executed during the session, in the current working directory. | + | |* How to create a file, to store commands executed during the session, in the current working directory. |
|- | |- | ||
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|00:29 | |00:29 | ||
− | | How to define complex numbers. | + | |* How to define complex numbers. |
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|00:31 | |00:31 | ||
− | | How to perform exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric operations on numbers. | + | |* How to perform exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric operations on numbers. |
|- | |- | ||
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− | |Press ' Shift key' and number key 6 to use this symbol. | + | |Press 'Shift key' and number key 6 to use this symbol. |
|- | |- | ||
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|03:43 | |03:43 | ||
− | |For finding the square root of a number, say, 17, we use : '''sqrt''' of 17 | + | |For finding the square root of a number, say, 17, we use : '''sqrt''' of 17. |
|- | |- | ||
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− | | For example, '''percent pi'''. | + | | For example, '''percent pi''' (%pi). |
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− | |Type '''% eps''' on your console to find its value on your computer. | + | |Type '''%eps''' on your console to find its value on your computer. |
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− | | On my computer it gives 2.220D-16 | + | | On my computer it gives 2.220D-16. |
|- | |- | ||
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|09:06 | |09:06 | ||
− | |While scilab variables and functions are case-sensitive, here we can use small d or capital D, | + | |While scilab variables and functions are case-sensitive, here we can use small d or capital D, small e or capital E. |
|- | |- | ||
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− | | percent e gives the result as expected. | + | | '''percent e''' (%e) gives the result as expected. |
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− | |We can achieve the same result with the function "e x p | + | |We can achieve the same result with the function "e x p". |
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− | | For example: exp bracket | + | | For example: exp bracket 1 close the bracket and press Enter. |
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− | | You can see both the answers are same | + | | You can see both the answers are same. |
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− | |Clear the console using the clc command here. | + | |Clear the console using the '''clc''' command here. |
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|10:18 | |10:18 | ||
− | |The command log means the natural logarithm of a number, that is, to the base e. | + | |The command '''log''' means the natural logarithm of a number, that is, to the base e. |
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|10:29 | |10:29 | ||
− | | For example, log10 bracket 1e minus 23 close bracket and press | + | | For example, log10 bracket 1e minus 23 close bracket and press Enter, this gives the expected answer -23. |
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− | | We get complex numbers when taking logarithm of negative. | + | | We get complex numbers when taking logarithm of negative . |
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− | |Now recall that we invoked a recording of all the typed commands into the file myrecord.txt through the diary command | + | |Now recall that we invoked a recording of all the typed commands into the file myrecord.txt through the diary command. |
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− | | For closing the file, type | + | | For closing the file, type |
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− | | diary of zero | + | | '''diary of zero'''. |
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− | |Let us open this file | + | |Let us open this file. To do so, click on the '''Open-a-file''' shortcut icon on your scilab console window toolbar. |
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− | | I will change the file format to | + | | I will change the file format to '''All Files'''. |
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− | |Click | + | |Click '''Yes'''. |
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− | |We know that | + | |We know that while a program is being developed, one experiments a lot with the code before arriving at suitable code. |
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− | | If you recall that | + | | If you recall that we had closed the file my record.txt using the command '''diary of zero''' |
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− | | | + | | please note that no transactions can be saved after executing this command. |
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− | |If the file contains some useful information, then one should use | + | |If the file contains some useful information, then one should use some other file name in the diary command. |
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− | | Because | + | | Because use of same file name will overwrite the existing file. |
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− | | For example, type “help chdir” on the scilab console and press | + | | For example, type “help chdir” on the scilab console and press Enter. |
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− | | I will increase the size of the | + | | I will increase the size of the '''Help Browser'''. |
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− | | Help chdir gives detailed information on how to change the current working directory. | + | | '''Help chdir''' gives detailed information on how to change the current working directory. |
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− | | Another option is to click on the | + | | Another option is to click on the Help Browser icon on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
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− | | Let me close the | + | | Let me close the Help Browser and coming back to the slides. |
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− | | The up - down arrow keys can | + | | The up - down arrow keys can be used to see the previously executed commands. |
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− | |While using the up - down arrows, you can stop at any command | + | |While using the up - down arrows, you can stop at any command and press Enter to execute it. |
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− | | You can edit the commands | + | | You can edit the commands if necessary. |
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− | |Use tab key to auto-complete the | + | |Use tab key to auto-complete the command. It gives us all the available options to choose. |
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− | |Use of Scilab as a calculator . | + | |* Use of Scilab as a calculator . |
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− | | Store the result in the default variable ans. | + | |* Store the result in the default variable ans. |
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− | | Assign values to the variable using the equality sign. | + | |* Assign values to the variable using the equality sign. |
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− | | Check values in variables by typing the name of the variable separated by commas on the console. | + | |* Check values in variables by typing the name of the variable separated by commas on the console. |
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− | | Check the current working directory using pwd command. | + | |* Check the current working directory using pwd command. |
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− | | Use diary command to save all commands typed on the console into a file. | + | |* Use diary command to save all commands typed on the console into a file. |
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− | | Define complex numbers, natural exponents and π using %i, %e and %pi respectively. | + | |* Define complex numbers, natural exponents and π using %i, %e and %pi respectively. |
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− | | Use help command for detailed information about any command. | + | |* Use help command for detailed information about any command. |
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− | | This spoken tutorial has been created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). | + | | This spoken tutorial has been: created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). |
|- | |- | ||
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− | | More information on the FOSSEE project could be obtained from http://fossee.in or http://scilab.in website | + | | More information on the FOSSEE project could be obtained from http://fossee.in or http://scilab.in website. |
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− | | | + | | Supported by the National Mission on Eduction through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
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− | | More information on this please visit spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen intro | + | | For More information on this, please visit spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen intro. |
|- | |- | ||
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− | | This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay signing off. | + | | This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay, signing off. |
Latest revision as of 09:27, 19 February 2015
Time | Narration |
00:02 | Welcome to the spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. |
00:07 | In this tutorial we are going to learn: |
00:09 | * The use of Scilab as a calculator. |
00:12 | * How to store values in a variable. |
00:15 | * How to perform various mathematical operations using these variables. |
00:21 | * How to create a file, to store commands executed during the session, in the current working directory. |
00:29 | * How to define complex numbers. |
00:31 | * How to perform exponential, logarithmic and trigonometric operations on numbers. |
00:38 | The prerequisite for this tutorial is- Scilab should be installed on your computer. |
00:44 | I am using Scilab 5.2.0 and Mac OS/X for demonstration. |
00:51 | Here is the Flow chart for the tutorial. |
00:55 | Click on the Scilab shortcut icon on your Desktop and Start Scilab. |
01:01 | This is the Scilab console window. Notice that the cursor is on the command prompt. |
01:07 | I suggest that you practice this tutorial in Scilab simultaneously while pausing the video at regular intervals of time. |
01:16 | Scilab can be used as a calculator. |
01:19 | Let us see some of the basic operations that it can do. |
01:25 | Type 42 plus 4 multiplied by 4 minus 64 divided by 4 and press Enter. |
01:36 | The output is 42, as expected. |
01:39 | Note that the answer 42 is stored in the default variable "a n s". |
01:45 | We can also create named variables: Type, |
01:49 | a equals 12, b=21 , c=33 and press Enter. |
02:00 | This stores the values 12, 21 and 33 in the variables a, b and c respectively. |
02:08 | I will clear the scilab console using the clc command here. |
02:13 | Now we will perform some mathematical operations using these variables. |
02:19 | For example, |
02:21 | a+b+c gives the result 66; |
02:27 | also |
02:29 | a times into bracket |
02:35 | b plus c gives the result 648. |
02:41 | We can also assign the answer to another variable say 'd' by typing d = bracket a+b close the bracket multiplied by c gives the answer |
02:58 | d = 1089. |
03:01 | We can check the values in the variables by typing the names of the variables separated by commas on the command line as |
03:09 | a,b,c,d and press Enter. |
03:16 | I will clear the console here using the clc command. |
03:21 | To take the power, use the “raised to” symbol which is located on the number key 6 of your keyboard. |
03:29 | Press 'Shift key' and number key 6 to use this symbol. |
03:34 | for example, 7 square can be found by 7 raised to 2 and press Enter. |
03:43 | For finding the square root of a number, say, 17, we use : sqrt of 17. |
03:55 | This is same as 17 raised to the power of zero point five. |
04:06 | By convention, only the positive value comes as output. |
04:10 | More generally, to find 34 to the power of (2 by 5), type: |
04:15 | 34 raised to bracket 2 divided by 5 close the bracket and press Enter. |
04:25 | Negative powers can also be used. |
04:28 | Clear the cansole using clc command. |
04:33 | So far, you have seen how to do some simple calculations and how to create variables in Scilab. |
04:40 | Now let us start with the new command. |
04:43 | This will help remember commands which were previously issued along with the outputs. |
04:49 | First, type the command pwd and press Enter. |
04:55 | This is the current working directory (on my computer). |
04:58 | It might be different on your computer. |
05:01 | The current working directory can be changed by clicking the changed current directory icon, located on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
05:15 | Now issue the diary command by typing: |
05:20 | diary bracket, open inverted commas, myrecord.txt close inverted commas, close the bracket and press Enter. |
05:40 | This command will create a file with the name "myrecord.txt" in the current working directory. |
05:48 | A transcript of the Scilab session from now onwards will be saved in this file. |
05:53 | Its usefulness will be demonstrated at a later stage in this tutorial. |
06:00 | Please pause the tutorial now and attempt exercise number one given with the video. |
06:07 | Now, let us see how Scilab handles complex numbers. |
06:13 | The imaginary unit i is defined in Scilab as percent i: |
06:18 | For example,Five point two multiplied percent i gives 5.2i; |
06:29 | also bracket 10 plus 5 into percent i whole multiply by 2 times percent i gives the result -10. + 20.i |
06:58 | Now clear the console here. |
07:04 | Let us see some other predefined numerical constants available in Scilab. |
07:09 | As with i, their names also start with the percent sign: |
07:13 | For example, percent pi (%pi). |
07:18 | The value of pi is as expected. |
07:21 | Now, we will demonstrate the use of pi using a few built-in trigonometric functions as follows. |
07:27 | For the functions sine of percent pi by 2 the result is 1. |
07:37 | And for cos of percent pi by 2 the result is 6.123D-17. |
07:50 | Please note that the angles are measured in radians and |
07:54 | notice that the second answer is zero for all practical purposes. |
07:59 | %eps is related to number known as "machine epsilon", |
08:03 | It is the minimum digit resolution that Scilab can give. |
08:08 | Type %eps on your console to find its value on your computer. |
08:19 | On my computer it gives 2.220D-16. |
08:24 | This shows the floating point precision used by Scilab . |
08:28 | This number is a notation for 2.22 times 10^(-16). Clear the console here. |
08:41 | If one wants to write 0.000456, one can write it as 4.56d-4 or 4.56e-4. |
09:06 | While scilab variables and functions are case-sensitive, here we can use small d or capital D, small e or capital E. |
09:16 | The base of the natural logarithm is another important predefined numerical constant: |
09:22 | percent e (%e) gives the result as expected. |
09:30 | We can achieve the same result with the function "e x p". |
09:35 | For example: exp bracket 1 close the bracket and press Enter. |
09:44 | You can see both the answers are same. |
09:47 | Clear the console using the clc command here. |
09:55 | similarly, |
09:56 | %e square gives the following answer |
10:04 | which can also be achieved by typing exp of 2 . |
10:18 | The command log means the natural logarithm of a number, that is, to the base e. |
10:23 | Use log 10 for taking the logarithm with respect to base 10. |
10:29 | For example, log10 bracket 1e minus 23 close bracket and press Enter, this gives the expected answer -23. |
10:47 | We get complex numbers when taking logarithm of negative . |
10:51 | For complex numbers you can check this for yourself type : log of -1 or log of %i on your scilab console. |
11:01 | Now recall that we invoked a recording of all the typed commands into the file myrecord.txt through the diary command. |
11:09 | Now, let's see how to close that file and view it. |
11:13 | For closing the file, type |
11:16 | diary of zero. |
11:21 | This command will close and save the file myrecord.txt. |
11:26 | Also recall that this file was created in current working directory, which in my case is desktop. |
11:34 | Let us open this file. To do so, click on the Open-a-file shortcut icon on your scilab console window toolbar. |
11:46 | I will change the file format to All Files. |
11:51 | Select the file myrecord.txt and click on Open. |
11:59 | Note that all transactions, both commands and the corresponding answers given by Scilab, have been saved into this file. |
12:10 | I will close this file. |
12:15 | Click Yes. |
12:21 | We know that while a program is being developed, one experiments a lot with the code before arriving at suitable code. |
12:29 | Diary command helps to keep track of all the transactions. |
12:35 | If you recall that we had closed the file my record.txt using the command diary of zero |
12:42 | please note that no transactions can be saved after executing this command. |
12:48 | If we need to save the session once again, we need to issue the diary command again. |
12:54 | If the file contains some useful information, then one should use some other file name in the diary command. |
13:03 | Because use of same file name will overwrite the existing file. |
13:09 | Pause the video here and solve the second exercise given with the video. |
13:15 | You may have noticed that the solution for the problem was not exactly zero. |
13:21 | For more information on how to deal with this, type “help clean”. |
13:27 | In general, if you need help about a particular command, then the 'help' or help with an argument command can be used. |
13:37 | For example, type “help chdir” on the scilab console and press Enter. |
13:53 | I will increase the size of the Help Browser. |
14:01 | Help chdir gives detailed information on how to change the current working directory. |
14:10 | Another option is to click on the Help Browser icon on the toolbar of the scilab console window as you see. |
14:20 | Let me close the Help Browser and coming back to the slides. |
14:31 | The up - down arrow keys can be used to see the previously executed commands. |
14:36 | While using the up - down arrows, you can stop at any command and press Enter to execute it. |
14:45 | You can edit the commands if necessary. |
14:48 | In fact, you are looking for a previous command you typed, which started with the letter 'e', then type e, and then use up arrow key. |
14:59 | Use tab key to auto-complete the command. It gives us all the available options to choose. |
15:07 | In this tutorial we have learnt : |
15:10 | * Use of Scilab as a calculator . |
15:12 | * Store the result in the default variable ans. |
15:16 | * Assign values to the variable using the equality sign. |
15:20 | * Check values in variables by typing the name of the variable separated by commas on the console. |
15:28 | * Check the current working directory using pwd command. |
15:34 | * Use diary command to save all commands typed on the console into a file. |
15:40 | * Define complex numbers, natural exponents and π using %i, %e and %pi respectively. |
15:49 | * Use help command for detailed information about any command. |
15:54 | This brings us to the end of this spoken tutorial on Getting Started with Scilab. |
15:59 | There are many other functions in Scilab which will be covered in other spoken tutorials. |
16:06 | This spoken tutorial has been: created by the Free and Open Source Software in Science and Engineering Education(FOSSEE). |
16:14 | More information on the FOSSEE project could be obtained from http://fossee.in or http://scilab.in website. |
16:22 | Supported by the National Mission on Eduction through ICT, MHRD, Government of India. |
16:29 | For More information on this, please visit spoken hyphen tutorial dot org slash NMEICT hyphen intro. |
16:43 | I hope you find this spoken tutorial useful for learning. |
16:47 | Thank you. |
16:48 | This is Anuradha Amrutkar from IIT Bombay, signing off. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Gaurav, Jyotisolanki, Krupali, PoojaMoolya, Sandhya.np14, Sneha