Difference between revisions of "BOSS-Linux/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration/English-timed"

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'''Linux – Basics of System Administration'''
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{| border=1
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| '''Time'''
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| '''Narration'''
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{| style="border-spacing:0;"
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| style="border-top:0.05pt solid #000000;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Time'''
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| style="border:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| '''Narration'''
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:02
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| 00:02
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Basics of System Administration in Linux.  
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| Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Basics of System Administration in Linux.  
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:09
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| 00:09
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In this tutorial we will learn the followings.
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| In this tutorial we will learn the followings.
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:13
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| 00:13
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| adduser
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| adduser
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:14
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| 00:14
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| su
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| su
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:16
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| 00:16
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| usermod
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| usermod
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:17
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| 00:17
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| userdel
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| userdel
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:18
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| 00:18
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| id
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| id
  
 
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:19
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| 00:19
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| du
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| du
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:20
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| 00:20
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| df
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| df
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:22
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| 00:22
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I am using Ubuntu 10.10 for this tutorial.
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| I am using Linux  for this tutorial.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:27
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| 00:27
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on “General Purpose Utilities in Linux”
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| As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on '''General Purpose Utilities in Linux'''  which is available on this website
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:35
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| 00:39
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| which is available on this website
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| One must have admin access in order to execute the commands shown.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:39
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| 00:47
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| One must have admin access in order to execute the commands shown.
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| Let us first learn how to create a new user.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:47
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| 00:53
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us first learn how to create a new user.
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| The '''adduser''' command will create a new user login for us along with authentication.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 00:53
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| 01:01
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The “adduser” command will create a new user login for us along with authentication.
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| We can add any user account with the help of  '''sudo''' command.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:01
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| 01:06
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can add any user account with the help of “sudo” command.
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| Let me give you a brief explanation about the '''sudo''' command.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:06
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| 01:11
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me give you a brief explanation about the “sudo” command.
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| '''Sudo''' command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a super user.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:11
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| 01:19
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Sudo command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a super user.
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| The '''sudo''' command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:19
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| 01:27
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The sudo command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial.
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| Lets now learn how to create a '''New User'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:27
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| 01:32
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Lets now learn how to create a “New User”.
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| I have already invoked the '''Terminal''' here.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:32
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| 01:36
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Open the “Terminal” by pressing the keys “Ctrl, Alt and t” simultaniously on your keyboard
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| Here type the command '''sudo space adduser''' and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:45
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| 01:45
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have already invoked the “Terminal” here.
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| You will be prompted for a password.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:49
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| 01:48
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here type the command “sudo space adduser” and press Enter.
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| I will give the '''Admin''' password here and Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 01:58
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| 01:54
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You will be prompted for a password.
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| The typed password on the terminal, is not visible.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:01
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| 01:58
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I will give the “Admin” password here and Enter.
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| So we have to type the password carefully.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:07
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| 02:03
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The typed password on the terminal, is not visible.
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| Once done, a message ''' adduser : Only one or two names allowed''' is displayed.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:11
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| 02:14
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| So we have to type the password carefully.
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| So let us create a new user account named '''duck'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:16
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| 02:21
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Once done, a message “adduser : Only one or two names allowed” is displayed.
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| Type the command :  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:27
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| 02:23
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| So let us create a new user account named “duck”.
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| '''sudo space adduser space duck''', and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:34
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| 02:33
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type the command :
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| We have created a new user called '''duck'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:36
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| 02:36
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| sudo space adduser space duck, and press Enter.
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| In the process of creating a new user, a seperate '''home''' directory for that user has also been created.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:45
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| 02:46
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We have created a new user called “duck”.
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| Please note that we will be prompted for a new password for the user '''duck'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:49
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| 02:52
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| In the process of creating a new user, a seperate “home” directory for that user has also been created.  
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| Type the password of your choice, in my case i am going to type '''duck''' as the password and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 02:58
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| 03:04
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please note that we will be prompted for a new password for the user “duck”.
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| Please type the new password again.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:05
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| 03:07
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Type the password of your choice, in my case im going to type “duck” as the password and press Enter.
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| The password is asked twice for security reasons and for confirmation.
  
 
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|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:17
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| 03:13
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please type the new password again.
+
| Now our password for the new user is updated.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:20
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| 03:18
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The password is asked twice for security reasons and for confirmation.
+
| We will be asked for other details too.
  
 
|-
 
|-
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:26
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| 03:22
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now our password for the new user is updated.
+
| But for the time being, I will enter only the '''Full Name''' as '''duck''' and leave the rest of the details blank by pressing the Enter key.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:31
+
| 03:33
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We will be asked for other details too.
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| Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:35
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| 03:34
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| But for the time being, I will enter only the “Full Name” as “duck” and leave the rest of the details blank by pressing the Enter key.
+
| I will confirm this by entering “y”.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:46
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| 03:39
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Enter.
+
| This is to confirm that all the information is correct.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:47
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| 03:43
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I will confirm this by entering “y”.
+
| Let us now check, if the user account has been created.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:51
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| 03:48
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is to confirm that all the information is correct.
+
| To do this, please type the at the command prompt
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 03:55
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| 03:51
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us now check, if the user account has been created.
+
| '''ls  /(slash) home'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:00
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| 03:56
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To do this, please type the at the command prompt
+
| and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:04
+
| 03:58
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “ls space /(slash) home”
+
| To show the list of users in the home folder this command is used.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:09
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| 04:05
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| and press Enter.
+
| And here is our newly created user named '''duck'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:11
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| 04:10
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| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To show the list of users in the home folder “ls” command is used.
+
| Let me switch back to the slides.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:17
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| 04:13
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| And here is our newly created user named “duck”.
+
| Now the next command is the '''su''' command
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:23
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| 04:18
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me switch back to the slides.
+
| '''su''' stands for '''Switch User'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:26
+
| 04:21
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now the next command is the “su”
+
| This command is useful for switching from the current user to another user.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:30
+
| 04:26
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “su” stands for “Switch User”.
+
| Let us go to the Terminal now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:34
+
| 04:30
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This command is useful for switching from the current user to another user.
+
| Enter the command '''su space hyphen space duck''' on the '''terminal''' and press Enter.
−
 
+
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:39
+
| 04:41
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us go to the Terminal now.
+
| You will be prompted for a password.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:43
+
| 04:44
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Enter the command
+
| I shall type the user '''duck''' password here please recall that it was '''duck''' itself.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:45
+
| 04:51
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “su space hyphen space duck” on the “Terminal”and press Enter.  
+
| Please notice that, the Terminal switches from the previous user to the new user, which is “duck” in our case.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:53
+
| 05:02
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| You will be prompted for a password.
+
| To logout from this user, type '''logout''' and hit Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 04:56
+
| 05:10
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I shall type the user “duck's” password here please recall that it was “duck” itself.
+
| Now the terminal logs out from the current user '''duck''' and comes back to the previous user account, which is '''vinhai''' in our case.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:04
+
| 05:18
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please notice that, the Terminal switches from the previous user to the new user, which is “duck” in our case.
+
| Let us learn about the '''usermod''' command.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:14
+
| 05:23
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To logout from this user, type
+
| The '''usermod''' command
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:17
+
| 05:24
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “logout” and hit Enter.
+
| Enables a super user or root user to modify the settings of other user accounts such as
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:22
+
| 05:33
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now the terminal logs out from the current user “duck” and comes back to the previous user account, which is “vinhai” in our case.
+
| Change the password to no password or empty password.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:31
+
| 05:37
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us learn about the “usermod” command.
+
| Show the date on which the user account will be disabled.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:35
+
| 05:42
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The “usermod” command
+
| Let us try this command and see.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:37
+
| 05:44
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Enables a super user or root user to modify the settings of other user accounts such as
+
| Let me switch to the terminal now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:46
+
| 05:46
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Change the password to no password or empty password.
+
| Let me show you how to set a date of expiry for the user account '''duck.'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:50
+
| 05:52
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Show the date on which the user account will be disabled.
+
| Here at the command prompt type
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:55
+
| 05:56
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us try this command and see.
+
| ''' sudo space usermod space -(hyphen)e space 2012-(hyphen)12-(hyphen)27 space duck '''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:57
+
| 06:21
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me switch to the terminal now.
+
| and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 05:59
+
| 06:25
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me show you how to set a date of expiry for the user account duck.
+
| The user account expiry date is set as mentioned in the command here with the help of the option “-e”.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:05
+
| 06:34
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here at the command prompt type
+
| Now you have set an expiry date for the user account '''duck'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:09
+
| 06:39
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| sudo space usermod space -(hyphen)e space 2012-(hyphen)12-(hyphen)27 space duck
+
| Let us now talk about the '''uid''' and '''gid''' commands.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:33
+
| 06:45
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| and press Enter.
+
| '''id – command''' is used to check the identities of all the users and groups
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:37
+
| 06:51
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The user account expiry date is set as mentioned in the command here with the help of the option “-e”.
+
| To know about the identity of the user, we use '''id space -(hyphen)u'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:46
+
| 07:00
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now you have set an expiry date for the user account “duck”.
+
| To know about the identity of the group users, it is '''id space -(hyphen)g'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:52
+
| 07:08
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us now talk about the “uid” and “gid” commands.
+
| Now lets work on this.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 06:57
+
| 07:10
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “id – command” is used to check the identities of all the users and groups
+
| At the terminal, let us type '''id''' and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:04
+
| 07:17
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To know about the identity of the user, we use “id space -(hyphen)u”.
+
| Now we can see the User IDs and Group IDs on the system that we are using
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:12
+
| 07:25
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To know about the identity of the group users, it is “id space -(hyphen)g”
+
| To get only the user id, we use “-(hyphen)u” option.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:20
+
| 07:30
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now lets work on this.
+
| Let us type the command, '''id space -(hyphen)u'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:22
+
| 07:36
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| At the terminal, let us type
+
| and press enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:25
+
| 07:38
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “id” and press Enter.
+
| Now we can see only the ids of the users.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:29
+
| 07:42
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we can see the User IDs and Group IDs on the system that we are using
+
| But what if we need to know the names of the users?
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:37
+
| 07:47
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To get only the user id, we use “-(hyphen)u” option.
+
| To find that out, we will type
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:43
+
| 07:50
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us type the command, “id space -(hyphen)u”
+
| ''' id space -(hyphen)n space -(hyphen)u''' on the terminal here and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:49
+
| 08:00
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| and press enter.
+
| Now we can see the names of the users instead of their ids.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:50
+
| 08:08
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we can see only the ids of the users.
+
| Let us now learn the commands for Group IDs.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 07:55
+
| 08:12
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| But what if we need to know the names of the users?
+
| Lets type ''' id space -(hyphen)g'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:00
+
| 08:17
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To find that out, we will type
+
| Here we can see the group ids.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:02
+
| 08:20
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “id space -(hyphen)n space -(hyphen)u” on the terminal hereand press Enter.
+
| If we want to view all the current user's group IDs, type
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:13
+
| 08:26
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now we can see the names of the users instead of their ids.
+
| '''id space -(hyphen) (capital)G''' and press Enter.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:20
+
| 08:32
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us now learn the commands for Group IDs.
+
| Please notice that I have typed G in capital letter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:24
+
| 08:38
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Lets type “ id space -(hyphen)g”.
+
| See the result for yourself.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:29
+
| 08:40
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here we can see the group ids.
+
| Now let us learn how to delete a user account.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:32
+
| 08:44
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| If we want to view all the current user's group IDs, type
+
| For this we use '''userdel''' command.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:38
+
| 08:48
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “id space -(hyphen) (capital)G” and press Enter.  
+
| We can delete an user account permanently with the help of the '''userdel''' command.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:46
+
| 08:54
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please notice that I have typed G in capital letter.
+
| Lets try this on the terminal.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:50
+
| 08:56
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| See the result for yourself.
+
| Here type '''sudo space userdel space -(hyphen)r space duck'''.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:53
+
| 09:09
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now let us learn how to delete a user account.
+
| I have used the -(hyphen)r option.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 08:57
+
| 09:12
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| For this we use “userdel” command.
+
| This is to remove the user along with his home directory.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:00
+
| 09:17
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We can delete an user account permanently with the help of the “userdel” command.
+
| Let us press Enter and see what happens.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:07
+
| 09:21
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Lets try this on the terminal.
+
| Now the user '''duck''' has been deleted.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:09
+
| 09:25
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here type “sudo space userdel space -(hyphen)r space duck”.
+
| Check this by typing
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:22
+
| 09:28
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have used the -(hyphen)r option.
+
| '''ls space /(slash)home''' and press the Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:25
+
| 09:35
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This is to remove the user along with his home directory.
+
| We will find that, the user account '''duck''' has been deleted.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:30
+
| 09:40
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us press Enter and see what happens.
+
| Let me go back to the slides now.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:34
+
| 09:43
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Now the user “duck” has been deleted.
+
| Some of the useful commands in Linux System Administration are “df” and “du”
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:38
+
| 09:50
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Check this by typing
+
| The '''df''' command gives a report on the free space available on the disk.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:41
+
| 09:55
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “ls space /(slash)home” and press the Enter.
+
| And the '''du''' command gives a report on how much space a file has occupied.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:47
+
| 10:00
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We will find that, the user account “duck” has been deleted.
+
| Please try these two commands and find the output for yourself as an assignment.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:53
+
| 10:06
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me go back to the slides now.
+
| Let us shift to the terminal, I shall show you a few useful options used with the “df” command.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 09:56
+
| 10:13
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Some of the useful commands in Linux System Administration are “df” and “du”
+
| Please type df space -(hyphen)h and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:03
+
| 10:20
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The “df” command gives a report on the free space available on the disk.
+
| Here it shows the size of the File system, and the space is used.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:08
+
| 10:25
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| And the “du” command gives a report on how much space a file has occupied.
+
| It also shows the space mounted on in a human readable format.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:13
+
| 10:34
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please try these two commands and find the output for yourself as an assignment.
+
| Let us now try some options with the “du” command
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:19
+
| 10:37
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us shift to the terminal, I shall show you a fewuseful options used with the “df” command.
+
| At this point i assume that you have created some text files in your home folder.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:26
+
| 10:44
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Please type df space -(hyphen)h and press Enter.
+
| If not please refer to the tutorial on '''General Purpose Utilities in Linux'''
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:33
+
| 10:51
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Here it shows the size of the Filesystem, and the space is used.
+
| I have already created some text files in my home directory to execute the commands.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:38
+
| 10:58
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| It also shows the space mounted on in a human readable format.
+
| Goto '''home folder''' on the terminal by typing
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:46
+
| 11:03
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let us now try some options with the “du” command
+
| ''' cd space /(slash) home''' and press Enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:50
+
| 11:07
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| At this point i assume that you have created some text files in your home folder.
+
| Then type '''du space -(hyphen)s space *. (astrix) dot txt''' and press enter.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 10:57
+
| 11:21
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| If not please refer to the tutorial on “General Purpose Utilities in Linux”.
+
| This command will give you a report on the txt files available in the directory along with its file sizes.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:04
+
| 11:30
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| I have already created some text files in my home directory to execute the commands.
+
| As an assignment, at the command prompt type
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:11
+
| 11:35
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Goto “home folder” on the terminal by typing
+
| '''du space -(hyphen)ch space *.(astrix dot)txt''' and see what happens.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:15
+
| 11:46
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “cd space /(slash) home” and press Enter.
+
| Let me go back to the slides.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:20
+
| 11:48
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Then type du space -(hyphen)s space *. (astrix) dot txt and press enter.
+
| To summarise, we have learnt:
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:33
+
| 11:51
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This command will give you a report on the txt files available in the directory along with its file sizes.
+
| '''adduser''' command to create a new user.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:43
+
| 11:53
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| As an assignment, at the command prompt type
+
| “su” command to switch from one user to another user.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:47
+
| 11:56
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “du space -(hyphen)ch space *.(astrix dot)txt” and see what happens.
+
| “usermod” command to change the user account settings.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 11:59
+
| 12:00
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Let me go back to the slides.
+
| “userdel” command to delete the user account.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:01
+
| 12:03
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| To summarise, we have learnt:
+
| id command to know the information about user ids and group ids.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:03
+
| 12:07
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “adduser” command to create a new user.
+
| “df” command to check the file system size and its availability.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:06
+
| 12:11
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “su” command to switch from one user to another user.
+
| “du” command to check the space occupied by a file.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:09
+
| 12:15
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “usermod” command to change the user account settings.
+
| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on “Basics of system administration”
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:12
+
| 12.20
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “userdel” command to delete the user account.
+
| The video available at this url,
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:15
+
| 12:24
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| id command to know the information about user ids and group ids.
+
| Summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:20
+
| 12:27
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “df” command to check the file system size and its availability.
+
| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:24
+
| 12:31
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| “du” command to check the space occupied by a file.
+
| We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials. We also give certificates to those who pass an online test. Please contact us for more details.
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:27
+
| 12:41
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial on “Basics of system administration”
+
| Spoken Tutorial is a part of the “Talk to a Teacher” project
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12.33
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| The video available at this url,
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:37
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:40
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:44
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials. We also give certificates to those who pass an online test. Please contact us for more details.
+
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 12:53
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| Spoken Tutorial is a part of the “Talk to a Teacher” project
+
  
 
Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India.  
 
Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India.  
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 13:03
+
| 12:50
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| More information is available on this url
+
| More information is available on this url
  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 13:08
+
| 12:55
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| This script has been contributed by ----------------------(name of the translator)
+
| This script for this tutorial  has been contributed by Praveen and this is Namita from IIT Bombay signing off. Thank you for joining
−
 
+
−
|-
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:none;padding:0.097cm;"| 13:12
+
−
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:0.05pt solid #000000;border-left:0.05pt solid #000000;border-right:0.05pt solid #000000;padding:0.097cm;"| and this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off. Thanks for watching.
+
−
 
+
−
|}
+

Revision as of 14:16, 4 December 2014

Time Narration
00:02 Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Basics of System Administration in Linux.
00:09 In this tutorial we will learn the followings.
00:13 adduser
00:14 su
00:16 usermod
00:17 userdel
00:18 id
00:19 du
00:20 df
00:22 I am using Linux for this tutorial.
00:27 As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on General Purpose Utilities in Linux which is available on this website
00:39 One must have admin access in order to execute the commands shown.
00:47 Let us first learn how to create a new user.
00:53 The adduser command will create a new user login for us along with authentication.
01:01 We can add any user account with the help of sudo command.
01:06 Let me give you a brief explanation about the sudo command.
01:11 Sudo command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a super user.
01:19 The sudo command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial.
01:27 Lets now learn how to create a New User.
01:32 I have already invoked the Terminal here.
01:36 Here type the command sudo space adduser and press Enter.
01:45 You will be prompted for a password.
01:48 I will give the Admin password here and Enter.
01:54 The typed password on the terminal, is not visible.
01:58 So we have to type the password carefully.
02:03 Once done, a message adduser : Only one or two names allowed is displayed.
02:14 So let us create a new user account named duck.
02:21 Type the command :
02:23 sudo space adduser space duck, and press Enter.
02:33 We have created a new user called duck.
02:36 In the process of creating a new user, a seperate home directory for that user has also been created.
02:46 Please note that we will be prompted for a new password for the user duck.
02:52 Type the password of your choice, in my case i am going to type duck as the password and press Enter.
03:04 Please type the new password again.
03:07 The password is asked twice for security reasons and for confirmation.
03:13 Now our password for the new user is updated.
03:18 We will be asked for other details too.
03:22 But for the time being, I will enter only the Full Name as duck and leave the rest of the details blank by pressing the Enter key.
03:33 Enter.
03:34 I will confirm this by entering “y”.
03:39 This is to confirm that all the information is correct.
03:43 Let us now check, if the user account has been created.
03:48 To do this, please type the at the command prompt
03:51 ls /(slash) home
03:56 and press Enter.
03:58 To show the list of users in the home folder this command is used.
04:05 And here is our newly created user named duck.
04:10 Let me switch back to the slides.
04:13 Now the next command is the su command
04:18 su stands for Switch User.
04:21 This command is useful for switching from the current user to another user.
04:26 Let us go to the Terminal now.
04:30 Enter the command su space hyphen space duck on the terminal and press Enter.
04:41 You will be prompted for a password.
04:44 I shall type the user duck password here please recall that it was duck itself.
04:51 Please notice that, the Terminal switches from the previous user to the new user, which is “duck” in our case.
05:02 To logout from this user, type logout and hit Enter.
05:10 Now the terminal logs out from the current user duck and comes back to the previous user account, which is vinhai in our case.
05:18 Let us learn about the usermod command.
05:23 The usermod command
05:24 Enables a super user or root user to modify the settings of other user accounts such as
05:33 Change the password to no password or empty password.
05:37 Show the date on which the user account will be disabled.
05:42 Let us try this command and see.
05:44 Let me switch to the terminal now.
05:46 Let me show you how to set a date of expiry for the user account duck.
05:52 Here at the command prompt type
05:56 sudo space usermod space -(hyphen)e space 2012-(hyphen)12-(hyphen)27 space duck
06:21 and press Enter.
06:25 The user account expiry date is set as mentioned in the command here with the help of the option “-e”.
06:34 Now you have set an expiry date for the user account duck.
06:39 Let us now talk about the uid and gid commands.
06:45 id – command is used to check the identities of all the users and groups
06:51 To know about the identity of the user, we use id space -(hyphen)u.
07:00 To know about the identity of the group users, it is id space -(hyphen)g
07:08 Now lets work on this.
07:10 At the terminal, let us type id and press Enter.
07:17 Now we can see the User IDs and Group IDs on the system that we are using
07:25 To get only the user id, we use “-(hyphen)u” option.
07:30 Let us type the command, id space -(hyphen)u
07:36 and press enter.
07:38 Now we can see only the ids of the users.
07:42 But what if we need to know the names of the users?
07:47 To find that out, we will type
07:50 id space -(hyphen)n space -(hyphen)u on the terminal here and press Enter.
08:00 Now we can see the names of the users instead of their ids.
08:08 Let us now learn the commands for Group IDs.
08:12 Lets type id space -(hyphen)g.
08:17 Here we can see the group ids.
08:20 If we want to view all the current user's group IDs, type
08:26 id space -(hyphen) (capital)G and press Enter.
08:32 Please notice that I have typed G in capital letter.
08:38 See the result for yourself.
08:40 Now let us learn how to delete a user account.
08:44 For this we use userdel command.
08:48 We can delete an user account permanently with the help of the userdel command.
08:54 Lets try this on the terminal.
08:56 Here type sudo space userdel space -(hyphen)r space duck.
09:09 I have used the -(hyphen)r option.
09:12 This is to remove the user along with his home directory.
09:17 Let us press Enter and see what happens.
09:21 Now the user duck has been deleted.
09:25 Check this by typing
09:28 ls space /(slash)home and press the Enter.
09:35 We will find that, the user account duck has been deleted.
09:40 Let me go back to the slides now.
09:43 Some of the useful commands in Linux System Administration are “df” and “du”
09:50 The df command gives a report on the free space available on the disk.
09:55 And the du command gives a report on how much space a file has occupied.
10:00 Please try these two commands and find the output for yourself as an assignment.
10:06 Let us shift to the terminal, I shall show you a few useful options used with the “df” command.
10:13 Please type df space -(hyphen)h and press Enter.
10:20 Here it shows the size of the File system, and the space is used.
10:25 It also shows the space mounted on in a human readable format.
10:34 Let us now try some options with the “du” command
10:37 At this point i assume that you have created some text files in your home folder.
10:44 If not please refer to the tutorial on General Purpose Utilities in Linux
10:51 I have already created some text files in my home directory to execute the commands.
10:58 Goto home folder on the terminal by typing
11:03 cd space /(slash) home and press Enter.
11:07 Then type du space -(hyphen)s space *. (astrix) dot txt and press enter.
11:21 This command will give you a report on the txt files available in the directory along with its file sizes.
11:30 As an assignment, at the command prompt type
11:35 du space -(hyphen)ch space *.(astrix dot)txt and see what happens.
11:46 Let me go back to the slides.
11:48 To summarise, we have learnt:
11:51 adduser command to create a new user.
11:53 “su” command to switch from one user to another user.
11:56 “usermod” command to change the user account settings.
12:00 “userdel” command to delete the user account.
12:03 id command to know the information about user ids and group ids.
12:07 “df” command to check the file system size and its availability.
12:11 “du” command to check the space occupied by a file.
12:15 This brings us to the end of this tutorial on “Basics of system administration”
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