Difference between revisions of "BASH/C3/Here-document-and-Here-string/English"
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* '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2 | * '''GNU BASH''' version 4.2 | ||
− | Please note,''' GNU Bash''' '''version 4''' or above is recommended | + | Please note,''' GNU Bash''' '''version 4''' or above is recommended for practice. |
|- | |- | ||
Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
* It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line. | * It feeds a command list to an interactive program or command line. | ||
* It can be treated as a separate file. | * It can be treated as a separate file. | ||
− | * It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to | + | * It can also be treated as multiple line input redirected to a shell script. |
− | + | ||
Line 75: | Line 74: | ||
HERE | HERE | ||
− | |||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Syntax is, | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Syntax is, | ||
− | '''command | + | '''command space less than less than space HERE'''. |
− | After this on the next line, we can give the text | + | After this on the next line, we can give the text inputs. |
It can consist of any number of lines. | It can consist of any number of lines. | ||
− | Here, '''text1, text2, textN''' are the text | + | |
+ | Here, '''text1, text2, textN''' are the text inputs. | ||
Line 105: | Line 104: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/env bash </nowiki>''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/env bash </nowiki>''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The first line of code is the | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The first line of code is the '''shebang''' line. |
|- | |- | ||
Line 117: | Line 116: | ||
'''HERE''' | '''HERE''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let me put a block of | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let me put a block of code after this line. |
<nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki> | <nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki> | ||
Line 133: | Line 132: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''<nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki>''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''<nowiki>wc -w << HERE </nowiki>''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * '''wc '''represents 'word count' | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| |
+ | * '''wc '''represents 'word count' | ||
* '''wc hyphen w '''counts the number of words in the '''Here''' '''document.''' | * '''wc hyphen w '''counts the number of words in the '''Here''' '''document.''' | ||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the block of text | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the block of text | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * The block of text until the second occurance of '''HERE, '''will be treated as a file. | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| |
+ | * The block of text until the second occurance of '''HERE, '''will be treated as a file. | ||
* The content present in '''HERE document''' is an input to the command '''wc -w''' | * The content present in '''HERE document''' is an input to the command '''wc -w''' | ||
− | |||
Line 150: | Line 149: | ||
− | If we try to execute the same command in the terminal, we should get '4' as an output. | + | If we try to execute the same command in the '''terminal''', we should get ''''4'''' as an output. |
This is because we have passed four words to the command ''''wc -c''''. | This is because we have passed four words to the command ''''wc -c''''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Now click on '''Save''' to save the file. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to '''Terminal''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to '''Terminal''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us switch to the '''Terminal | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us switch to the '''Terminal''' using '''Ctrl, Alt''' and '''T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard. |
|- | |- | ||
Line 165: | Line 166: | ||
− | '''dot slash here.sh>>''' | + | '''dot slash here.sh>>'''Press '''Enter''' |
Line 200: | Line 201: | ||
− | Type '''Hello and''' | + | Type '''Hello and welcome to Bash learning''' |
|- | |- | ||
Line 211: | Line 212: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the '''terminal, '''type'''./here.sh''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the '''terminal, '''type'''./here.sh''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the '''terminal, | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| On the '''terminal, type '''./here.sh''' |
− | + | ||
− | '''./here.sh''' | + | |
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|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''0'th argument is : $0 ''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''0'th argument is : $0 ''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line will display the '''0th | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line will display the '''0th (zeroeth) argument'''. |
− | The 0th (zeroeth) argument, by default, is the filename. | + | The '''0th (zeroeth) argument''', by default, is the '''filename'''. |
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''1st argument is $1 ''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''1st argument is $1 ''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line will display the 1st argument passed to the program. | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line will display the '''1st argument''' passed to the program. |
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''2nd argument is $2 ''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''2nd argument is $2 ''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| And this line will display the 2nd argument passed to the program. | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| And this line will display the '''2nd argument''' passed to the program. |
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''this''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''this''' | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter, '''this.''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter, '''this.''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
Line 282: | Line 279: | ||
On the '''terminal''' type: | On the '''terminal''' type: | ||
− | '''chmod | + | '''chmod space +x space hereoutput.sh''' |
'''./hereoutput.sh Sunday Monday''' | '''./hereoutput.sh Sunday Monday''' | ||
Line 290: | Line 287: | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The output is dispalyed as: | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The output is dispalyed as: | ||
− | + | '''0'th argument is: ./hereoutput.sh ''' which is the '''filename.''' | |
− | + | ||
− | '''0'th argument is: ./hereoutput.sh ''' | + | |
'''1st argument is: Sunday''' | '''1st argument is: Sunday''' | ||
Line 306: | Line 301: | ||
'''Here String''' | '''Here String''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us learn about '''Here ''' | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us learn about '''Here string''' now. |
− | + | ||
* '''Here string '''is used for input redirection from text or a variable. | * '''Here string '''is used for input redirection from text or a variable. | ||
* The input is mentioned in the same line within single quotes. | * The input is mentioned in the same line within single quotes. | ||
− | |||
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'''<nowiki>command <<< 'string'</nowiki>''' | '''<nowiki>command <<< 'string'</nowiki>''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The syntax is, | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The syntax is, | ||
− | '''command | + | '''command space three less than symbols space''' within single quotes write '''string''' |
|- | |- | ||
Line 333: | Line 323: | ||
I will open the same file '''here.sh''' | I will open the same file '''here.sh''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>wc -w <<< 'Welcome to Bash learning'</nowiki> | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>wc -w <<< 'Welcome to Bash learning'</nowiki> | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here at the end I will type: | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here at the end, I will type: |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | ''' | + | '''wc space hyphen w three less than symbols space''' within quotes '''Welcome to Bash learning''' |
− | This will redirect the string within quotes to | + | This will redirect the string within quotes to the command '''wc -w.''' |
− | Click on '''Save '''to save changes. | + | Click on '''Save '''to save the changes. |
|- | |- | ||
Line 369: | Line 352: | ||
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>[Highlight]</nowiki>''' | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''<nowiki>[Highlight]</nowiki>''' | ||
− | '''Output''''''6''' | + | '''Output''' |
+ | |||
+ | '''6''' | ||
'''4''' | '''4''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output as | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output as '''6''' and '''4''' |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | number of words in '''here string''' is''' 4.''' | + | Number of words in '''here document''' is '''6''' and number of words in '''here string''' is''' 4.''' |
|- | |- | ||
Line 399: | Line 381: | ||
* '''HERE document''' | * '''HERE document''' | ||
* '''HERE string''' | * '''HERE string''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
Line 406: | Line 386: | ||
'''Assignment''' | '''Assignment''' | ||
− | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| | + | | style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.191cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| As an assignment, convert a string to uppercase using: |
* '''Here document''' | * '''Here document''' | ||
* '''Here string''' | * '''Here string''' | ||
− | Hint:''' tr a-z A-Z''' is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case. | + | Hint:''' tr a-z A-Z'''. |
+ | |||
+ | This is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case. | ||
|- | |- |
Latest revision as of 12:29, 20 August 2014
Title of script: HERE document and strings
Author: Lavitha Pereira and Ashwini Patil
Keywords: Video tutorial, redirection, here string, here document
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Display Slide 1 | Dear friends, Welcome to the spoken tutorial on HERE document and strings |
Display Slide 2 | In this tutorial, we will learn about
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Display Slide 3Prerequisites
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To follow this tutorial you should have knowledge of Shell Scripting in BASH.
If not, for relevant tutorials please visit our website which is as shown,(http://www.spoken-tutorial.org) |
Display Slide 4
System requirements |
For this tutorial I am using
Please note, GNU Bash version 4 or above is recommended for practice. |
Display slide 5
Here documents
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Let us learn about Here document.
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Display silde 6
Syntax: command << HERE text1 text2 textN HERE
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Syntax is,
command space less than less than space HERE.
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Let us understand this with an example.
| |
#!/usr/bin/env bash | The first line of code is the shebang line. |
wc -w << HERE
Welcome to Bash learning HERE |
Let me put a block of code after this line.
wc -w << HERE Welcome to Bash learning HERE |
Highlight wc -w << HERE |
|
Highlight the block of text |
|
wc -w << HERE | HERE acts as a delimiter for wc -w command while reading multi-line input.
Now click on Save to save the file. |
Switch to Terminal | Let us switch to the Terminal using Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard. |
Type
chmod +x here.sh>>Press Enter
|
And type:chmod space plus x space here dot sh
Press Enter.
Press Enter. |
[Highlight]
'Output'4 |
We can see the output is 4.
|
On the editor:Type:
Hello and before Welcome |
Come back to the program.
Let us add two more words here at the beginning of the text.
|
Click on Save. | Click on Save.
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On the terminal, type./here.sh | On the terminal, type ./here.sh
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Now the output is 6 because we added two more words to our text.
| |
We can also pass an argument to the Here document. | |
Open hereoutput.sh file. | Let us see how to do this with an example.
|
cat << this | The command cat will concatenate files and print the standard output. |
cat << this | Note that we have used the string this instead of HERE.
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0'th argument is : $0 | This line will display the 0th (zeroeth) argument.
The 0th (zeroeth) argument, by default, is the filename. |
1st argument is $1 | This line will display the 1st argument passed to the program. |
2nd argument is $2 | And this line will display the 2nd argument passed to the program. |
this | Here we have to close the document using the same delimiter, this.
|
Save | Save the file. |
chmod +x hereoutput.sh'./hereoutput.sh Sunday Monday' | Let us now execute the program.
chmod space +x space hereoutput.sh ./hereoutput.sh Sunday Monday |
The output is dispalyed as:
0'th argument is: ./hereoutput.sh which is the filename. 1st argument is: Sunday 2nd argument is: Monday | |
<<PAUSE>> | |
Display Slide 12
Here String |
Let us learn about Here string now.
|
Display Slide 13
Syntax: command <<< 'string' |
The syntax is,
command space three less than symbols space within single quotes write string |
Let us understand this with an example.
| |
wc -w <<< 'Welcome to Bash learning' | Here at the end, I will type:
wc space hyphen w three less than symbols space within quotes Welcome to Bash learning
|
Switch to Terminal | We will switch to the Terminal. |
dot slash here.sh
|
Now type:
./here.sh |
[Highlight]
Output 6 4 |
We can see the output as 6 and 4
Number of words in here document is 6 and number of words in here string is 4. |
Likewise, you can write your own Here strings. | |
This brings us to the end of this tutorial. | |
Display Slide 14
Summary |
Summary
Let us summarise. In this tutorial we learnt about
|
Display slide 15
Assignment |
As an assignment, convert a string to uppercase using:
Hint: tr a-z A-Z. This is the command to convert characters from lower to upper case. |
Display Slide 16
http://spoken-tutorial.org /What\_is\_a\_Spoken\_Tutorial About the Spoken Tutorial Project |
Watch the video available at the link shown below.
|
Display Slide 17
Spoken Tutorial Workshops |
The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org |
Display Slide 18
Acknowledgement |
Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project.
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Display Slide 19 | The script has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken-Tutorial teams.
Thank you for joining. |