Difference between revisions of "Linux/C2/Basics-of-System-Administration/English-timed"
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Revision as of 17:06, 9 July 2014
Linux – Basics of System Administration
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| 00:02 | Hello and welcome to the Spoken Tutorial on Basics of System Administration in Linux. |
| 00:09 | In this tutorial we will learn the followings. |
| 00:13 | adduser |
| 00:14 | su |
| 00:16 | usermod |
| 00:17 | userdel |
| 00:18 | id |
| 00:19 | du |
| 00:20 | df |
| 00:22 | I am using Ubuntu 10.10 for this tutorial. |
| 00:27 | As a prerequisite please go through the spoken tutorial on “General Purpose Utilities in Linux” |
| 00:35 | which is available on this website |
| 00:39 | One must have admin access in order to execute the commands shown. |
| 00:47 | Let us first learn how to create a new user. |
| 00:53 | The “adduser” command will create a new user login for us along with authentication. |
| 01:01 | We can add any user account with the help of “sudo” command. |
| 01:06 | Let me give you a brief explanation about the “sudo” command. |
| 01:11 | Sudo command allows the administrative user to execute a command as a super user. |
| 01:19 | The sudo command has many options. We will learn about the options as we go further in this tutorial. |
| 01:27 | Lets now learn how to create a “New User”. |
| 01:32 | Open the “Terminal” by pressing the keys “Ctrl, Alt and t” simultaniously on your keyboard |
| 01:45 | I have already invoked the “Terminal” here. |
| 01:49 | Here type the command “sudo space adduser” and press Enter. |
| 01:58 | You will be prompted for a password. |
| 02:01 | I will give the “Admin” password here and Enter. |
| 02:07 | The typed password on the terminal, is not visible. |
| 02:11 | So we have to type the password carefully. |
| 02:16 | Once done, a message “adduser : Only one or two names allowed” is displayed. |
| 02:27 | So let us create a new user account named “duck”. |
| 02:34 | Type the command : |
| 02:36 | sudo space adduser space duck, and press Enter. |
| 02:45 | We have created a new user called “duck”. |
| 02:49 | In the process of creating a new user, a seperate “home” directory for that user has also been created. |
| 02:58 | Please note that we will be prompted for a new password for the user “duck”. |
| 03:05 | Type the password of your choice, in my case im going to type “duck” as the password and press Enter. |
| 03:17 | Please type the new password again. |
| 03:20 | The password is asked twice for security reasons and for confirmation. |
| 03:26 | Now our password for the new user is updated. |
| 03:31 | We will be asked for other details too. |
| 03:35 | But for the time being, I will enter only the “Full Name” as “duck” and leave the rest of the details blank by pressing the Enter key. |
| 03:46 | Enter. |
| 03:47 | I will confirm this by entering “y”. |
| 03:51 | This is to confirm that all the information is correct. |
| 03:55 | Let us now check, if the user account has been created. |
| 04:00 | To do this, please type the at the command prompt |
| 04:04 | “ls space /(slash) home” |
| 04:09 | and press Enter. |
| 04:11 | To show the list of users in the home folder “ls” command is used. |
| 04:17 | And here is our newly created user named “duck”. |
| 04:23 | Let me switch back to the slides. |
| 04:26 | Now the next command is the “su” |
| 04:30 | “su” stands for “Switch User”. |
| 04:34 | This command is useful for switching from the current user to another user. |
| 04:39 | Let us go to the Terminal now. |
| 04:43 | Enter the command |
| 04:45 | “su space hyphen space duck” on the “Terminal”and press Enter. |
| 04:53 | You will be prompted for a password. |
| 04:56 | I shall type the user “duck's” password here please recall that it was “duck” itself. |
| 05:04 | Please notice that, the Terminal switches from the previous user to the new user, which is “duck” in our case. |
| 05:14 | To logout from this user, type |
| 05:17 | “logout” and hit Enter. |
| 05:22 | Now the terminal logs out from the current user “duck” and comes back to the previous user account, which is “vinhai” in our case. |
| 05:31 | Let us learn about the “usermod” command. |
| 05:35 | The “usermod” command |
| 05:37 | Enables a super user or root user to modify the settings of other user accounts such as |
| 05:46 | Change the password to no password or empty password. |
| 05:50 | Show the date on which the user account will be disabled. |
| 05:55 | Let us try this command and see. |
| 05:57 | Let me switch to the terminal now. |
| 05:59 | Let me show you how to set a date of expiry for the user account duck. |
| 06:05 | Here at the command prompt type |
| 06:09 | sudo space usermod space -(hyphen)e space 2012-(hyphen)12-(hyphen)27 space duck |
| 06:33 | and press Enter. |
| 06:37 | The user account expiry date is set as mentioned in the command here with the help of the option “-e”. |
| 06:46 | Now you have set an expiry date for the user account “duck”. |
| 06:52 | Let us now talk about the “uid” and “gid” commands. |
| 06:57 | “id – command” is used to check the identities of all the users and groups |
| 07:04 | To know about the identity of the user, we use “id space -(hyphen)u”. |
| 07:12 | To know about the identity of the group users, it is “id space -(hyphen)g” |
| 07:20 | Now lets work on this. |
| 07:22 | At the terminal, let us type |
| 07:25 | “id” and press Enter. |
| 07:29 | Now we can see the User IDs and Group IDs on the system that we are using |
| 07:37 | To get only the user id, we use “-(hyphen)u” option. |
| 07:43 | Let us type the command, “id space -(hyphen)u” |
| 07:49 | and press enter. |
| 07:50 | Now we can see only the ids of the users. |
| 07:55 | But what if we need to know the names of the users? |
| 08:00 | To find that out, we will type |
| 08:02 | “id space -(hyphen)n space -(hyphen)u” on the terminal hereand press Enter. |
| 08:13 | Now we can see the names of the users instead of their ids. |
| 08:20 | Let us now learn the commands for Group IDs. |
| 08:24 | Lets type “ id space -(hyphen)g”. |
| 08:29 | Here we can see the group ids. |
| 08:32 | If we want to view all the current user's group IDs, type |
| 08:38 | “id space -(hyphen) (capital)G” and press Enter. |
| 08:46 | Please notice that I have typed G in capital letter. |
| 08:50 | See the result for yourself. |
| 08:53 | Now let us learn how to delete a user account. |
| 08:57 | For this we use “userdel” command. |
| 09:00 | We can delete an user account permanently with the help of the “userdel” command. |
| 09:07 | Lets try this on the terminal. |
| 09:09 | Here type “sudo space userdel space -(hyphen)r space duck”. |
| 09:22 | I have used the -(hyphen)r option. |
| 09:25 | This is to remove the user along with his home directory. |
| 09:30 | Let us press Enter and see what happens. |
| 09:34 | Now the user “duck” has been deleted. |
| 09:38 | Check this by typing |
| 09:41 | “ls space /(slash)home” and press the Enter. |
| 09:47 | We will find that, the user account “duck” has been deleted. |
| 09:53 | Let me go back to the slides now. |
| 09:56 | Some of the useful commands in Linux System Administration are “df” and “du” |
| 10:03 | The “df” command gives a report on the free space available on the disk. |
| 10:08 | And the “du” command gives a report on how much space a file has occupied. |
| 10:13 | Please try these two commands and find the output for yourself as an assignment. |
| 10:19 | Let us shift to the terminal, I shall show you a fewuseful options used with the “df” command. |
| 10:26 | Please type df space -(hyphen)h and press Enter. |
| 10:33 | Here it shows the size of the Filesystem, and the space is used. |
| 10:38 | It also shows the space mounted on in a human readable format. |
| 10:46 | Let us now try some options with the “du” command |
| 10:50 | At this point i assume that you have created some text files in your home folder. |
| 10:57 | If not please refer to the tutorial on “General Purpose Utilities in Linux”. |
| 11:04 | I have already created some text files in my home directory to execute the commands. |
| 11:11 | Goto “home folder” on the terminal by typing |
| 11:15 | “cd space /(slash) home” and press Enter. |
| 11:20 | Then type du space -(hyphen)s space *. (astrix) dot txt and press enter. |
| 11:33 | This command will give you a report on the txt files available in the directory along with its file sizes. |
| 11:43 | As an assignment, at the command prompt type |
| 11:47 | “du space -(hyphen)ch space *.(astrix dot)txt” and see what happens. |
| 11:59 | Let me go back to the slides. |
| 12:01 | To summarise, we have learnt: |
| 12:03 | “adduser” command to create a new user. |
| 12:06 | “su” command to switch from one user to another user. |
| 12:09 | “usermod” command to change the user account settings. |
| 12:12 | “userdel” command to delete the user account. |
| 12:15 | id command to know the information about user ids and group ids. |
| 12:20 | “df” command to check the file system size and its availability. |
| 12:24 | “du” command to check the space occupied by a file. |
| 12:27 | This brings us to the end of this tutorial on “Basics of system administration” |
| 12.33 | The video available at this url, |
| 12:37 | Summarises the Spoken Tutorial project. |
| 12:40 | If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it. |
| 12:44 | We conduct workshops using spoken tutorials. We also give certificates to those who pass an online test. Please contact us for more details. |
| 12:53 | Spoken Tutorial is a part of the “Talk to a Teacher” project
Supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT (NMEICT), MHRD, Government of India. |
| 13:03 | More information is available on this url |
| 13:08 | This script has been contributed by ----------------------(name of the translator) |
| 13:12 | and this is -----------------------(name of the recorder) from --------------------------(name of the place)signing off. Thanks for watching. |
Contributors and Content Editors
Minal, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sakinashaikh, Sandhya.np14, Vasudeva ahitanal
