Difference between revisions of "C-and-C++/C3/Strings/English-timed"

Revision as of 15:12, 23 June 2014

Time	Narration
00:01	Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on Strings in C and C++
00:06	In this tutorial we will learn,
00:08	What is a string.
00:10	Declaration of a string.
00:13	Initialization of a string.
00:15	Few examples on string.
00:17	We will also see some common errors and their solutions.
00:22	To record this tutorial, I am using,
00:25	Ubuntu Operating System version 11.04
00:29	gcc and g++ Compiler version 4.6.1 .
00:35	Let us start with the introduction to strings.
00:38	String is a sequence of characters, that is treated as a single data item.
00:44	Size of string = length of string + 1
00:49	Let me tell you how to declare a string.
00:52	The syntax for this is
00:55	char, name of string and size
00:59	char is the data type, name of the string is the string name, and we can give the size here.
01:06	Eg: here we have declared a character string names with size 10
01:13	Now we will see an example.
01:15	I have already typed the program, I will open it.
01:19	Note that our file name is string.c
01:23	In this program, we will take a string as an input from the user and print it.
01:29	Let me explain the code now.
01:32	These are our header files.
01:34	Here string.h includes the declarations, functions, constants of string handling utilities.
01:43	Whenever we work on string functions, we should include this header file.
01:47	This is our main function.
01:49	Here we are declaring the string strname with size '30'.
01:55	Here we are accepting a string from the user.
01:58	To read a string, we can use scanf() function with format specifier %s
02:05	We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.
02:11	Then we print the string.
02:13	And this is our return statement.
02:16	Now click on Save
02:18	Let us execute the program.
02:20	Please open the terminal window by pressing Ctrl, Alt and T keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
02:30	To compile, type gcc space string.c space -o space str
02:37	And press Enter
02:40	To execute, type ./str
02:43	now press Enter
02:46	Here it is displayed as Enter the string .
02:49	I will type Talk To A Teacher.
02:56	now press Enter.
02:58	The output is displayed as The string is Talk To A Teacher
03:03	Now let us switch back to our slides
03:06	Until now we discussed about the declaration of a string.
03:10	Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.
03:13	The syntax for this is
03:16	char var_name[size] = “string”;
03:20	Eg: Here we have declared a character string “names”"' with size 10 and the string is “Priya”"'
03:28	Another syntax is
03:31	char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'} within single quotes
03:36	eg: char names[10] = {'P', 'r', 'i', 'y', 'a'} in single quotes
03:42	Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.
03:48	Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.
03:52	First, press shift, ctrl and s keys simultaneously on your keyboard
03:58	Now save the file with the name stringinitialize
04:03	Now click on Save
04:06	We are going to initialize the string.
04:08	Hence, at the 5th line, type
04:11	= and within the double quotes “Spoken- Tutorial”;
04:20	Now, click on Save
04:22	Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the string.
04:27	Click on Save.
04:30	Let us execute.
04:31	Come back to our terminal.
04:33	To compile, type
04:35	gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2
04:44	Here we have str2 because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter str for the file string.c
04:54	Now press Enter.
04:56	To execute, type ./str2
05:00	The output is displayed as "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".
05:06	Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .
05:09	Come back to our program
05:11	Suppose here we type the spelling of string as sting
05:16	Now click on Save.
05:18	Let us execute
05:19	Come back to our terminal
05:21	Now compile as before
05:23	We see an fatal error.
05:25	sting.h: no such file or directory
05:28	compilation terminated
05:30	Come back to our program.
05:32	This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name sting.h
05:39	Hence it is giving an error.
05:41	Let us fix the error.
05:43	Type r here.
05:45	Now click on Save.
05:46	Let us execute again.
05:47	Come back to our terminal.
05:50	Compile as before, execute as before.
05:54	Yes, it is working!
05:56	Now, let us see another common error.
05:59	Come back to our program.
06:02	Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.
06:06	Now, click on Save .
06:07	Let us see what happens.
06:09	Come back to our terminal.
06:11	Let me clear the prompt.
06:15	Compile as before.
06:17	We see an error.
06:19	Wide character array initialized from non-wide string
06:24	format %s expects argument of type 'char, ' but argument 2 has type 'int'
06:32	Come back to our program.
06:36	This is because we used %s as the format specifier for string.
06:42	And we are initializing it with an integer data type
06:47	Let us fix the error.
06:49	Type char here.
06:51	Click on Save.
06:53	Let us execute. Come back to our terminal.
06:56	Compile as before, execute as before.
07:00	Yes it is working!
07:03	Now we will see how to execute the same program in C++
07:08	Come back to our program.
07:11	Let me open our file string.c
07:15	We will edit the code here.
07:18	First, press shift, ctrl and S key simultaneously on your keyboard.
07:25	Now save the file with an extension .cpp
07:29	and click on Save.
07:33	Now we will change the header file as iostream.
07:38	Include the using statement.
07:43	Now click on Save.
07:47	Now we will delete this declaration.
07:50	And will declare a string variable.
07:53	Type string space strname and a semicolon
07:59	Click on Save.
08:02	Replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
08:07	Delete the closing bracket here.
08:11	Delete the scanf statement and type getline opening bracket closing bracket within the brackets type(cin, strname)
08:24	At the end, type a semicolon.
08:28	Now again, replace the printf statement with the cout statement.
08:36	Delete the format specifier and \n
08:40	Now delete the comma
08:42	Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.
08:49	Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type \n
08:54	And click on Save
08:58	Here we have declared a string variable 'strname'
09:03	Since we do not use the format specifier in C++, the compiler should know that strname is a string variable.
09:13	Here we use getline to extract the characters from the input sequence.
09:18	It stores them as a string.
09:22	Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.
09:27	Let me clear the prompt.
09:30	To compile, type
09:32	g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3
09:39	and press Enter.
09:41	To execute, type ./str3
09:46	Press Enter.
09:47	It is displayed as Enter the string
09:50	I will enter as Talk To A Teacher
09:55	Now press Enter
09:57	The output is displayed as
09:59	' "The string is Talk To A Teacher "'
10:03	We can see that the output is similar to our C code.
10:07	Now come back to our slides.
10:10	Let us summarize
10:11	In this tutorial we learnt
10:13	Strings
10:14	Declaration of a string
10:16	eg: char strname[30]
10:20	Initialization of a string
10:21	eg: char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”
10:26	As an assignment
10:28	Write a program to print a string using the 2nd syntax
10:34	Watch the video available at the link shown below
10:37	It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
10:40	If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
10:44	The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
10:46	Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
10:49	Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
10:54	For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org
11:01	Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project
11:04	It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
11:12	More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
11:16	This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.
11:20	Thank You for watching.

Contributors and Content Editors

Kavita salve, PoojaMoolya, Pratik kamble, Sandhya.np14

Difference between revisions of "C-and-C++/C3/Strings/English-timed"

Revision as of 15:12, 23 June 2014

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {| border = 1
-|'''Time'''
+|Time
-|'''Narration'''
+|Narration
 |-
-| 00.01
+| 00:01
 |Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on '''Strings'''  in '''C and C++'''
 |-
-| 00.06
+| 00:06
 |In this tutorial we will learn,
 |-
-| 00.08
+| 00:08
 |What is a '''string. '''
 |-
-| 00.10
+| 00:10
 |Declaration of a '''string. '''
 |-
-| 00.13
+| 00:13
 |Initialization of a '''string. '''
 |-
-| 00.15
+| 00:15
 | Few examples on '''string'''.
 |-
-| 00.17
+| 00:17
 |We will also see some common errors and their solutions.
 |-
-| 00.22
+| 00:22
 | To record this tutorial, I am using,
 |-
-| 00.25
+| 00:25
 |'''Ubuntu Operating System''' version 11.04
 |-
-|00.29
+|00:29
 | '''gcc '''and '''g++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 .
 |-
-|00.35
+|00:35
 |Let us start with the introduction to '''strings.'''
 |-
-|00.38
+|00:38
 |'''String''' is a sequence of characters, that is treated as a single data item.
 |-
-| 00.44
+| 00:44
 |Size of '''string '''= length of '''string + 1
 |-
-| 00.49
+| 00:49
 |Let me tell you how to declare a '''string.  '''
 |-
-| 00.52
+| 00:52
 |The syntax for this is
 |-
-| 00.55
+| 00:55
 |'''char''', name of '''string''' and''' size'''
 |-
-|00.59
+|00:59
 |'''char''' is the data type, name of the '''string''' is the string name, and we can give the size here.
 |-
-| 01.06
+| 01:06
 |Eg: here we have declared a '''character string names''' with '''size 10'''
 |-
-| 01.13
+| 01:13
 |Now we will see an example.
 |-
-| 01.15
+| 01:15
 |I have already typed the program,  I will open it.
 |-
-|01.19
+|01:19
 |Note that our file name is '''string.c'''
 |-
-|01.23
+|01:23
 |In this program, we will take a '''string''' as an input from the user and print it.
 |-
-|01.29
+|01:29
 |Let me explain the code now.
 |-
-|01.32
+|01:32
 |These are our header files.
 |-
-| 01.34
+| 01:34
 |Here '''string.h''' includes the declarations, functions, constants of '''string''' handling utilities.
 |-
-| 01.43
+| 01:43
 |Whenever we work on '''string functions''', we should include this header file.
 |-
-| 01.47
+| 01:47
 |This is our '''main function. '''
 |-
-|01.49
+|01:49
 |Here we are declaring the '''string strname '''with size ''' '30'. '''
 |-
-|01.55
+|01:55
 |Here we are accepting a '''string''' from the user.
 |-
-|01.58
+|01:58
 |To read a '''string''', we can use '''scanf() function''' with format specifier '''%s'''
 |-
-|02.05
+|02:05
 |We are using the caret sign and \n to include the spaces with the string.
 |-
-| 02.11
+| 02:11
 |Then we print the '''string. '''
 |-
-| 02.13
+| 02:13
 | And this is our '''return statement. '''
 |-
-| 02.16
+| 02:16
 | Now click on '''Save'''
 |-
-| 02.18
+| 02:18
 | Let us execute the program.
 |-
-| 02.20
+| 02:20
 | Please open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.
 |-
-| 02.30
+| 02:30
 |To compile, type '''gcc''' space '''string.c''' space '''-o''' space''' str '''
 |-
-| 02.37
+| 02:37
 |And press '''Enter '''
 |-
-| 02.40
+| 02:40
 | To execute, type '''./str '''
 |-
-| 02.43
+| 02:43
 |now press '''Enter'''
 |-
-| 02.46
+| 02:46
 |Here it is displayed as '''Enter the string . '''
 |-
-| 02.49
+| 02:49
 | I will type '''Talk To A Teacher. '''
 |-
-| 02.56
+| 02:56
 |now press '''Enter'''.
 |-
-| 02.58
+| 02:58
 |The output is displayed as ''' The string is Talk To A Teacher'''
 |-
-| 03.03
+| 03:03
 |Now let us switch back to our slides
 |-
-| 03.06
+| 03:06
 |Until now we discussed about the declaration of a '''string. '''
 |-
-| 03.10
+| 03:10
 |Now we are going to discuss how to initialize the string.
 |-
-| 03.13
+| 03:13
 |The syntax for this is
 |-
-| 03.16
+| 03:16
 |'''char var_name[size] = “string”; '''
 |-
-| 03.20
+| 03:20
 |Eg: Here we have declared a '''character string  “names”"' with size '''10''' and the '''string''' is '''“Priya”"'
 |-
-| 03.28
+| 03:28
 |Another syntax is
 |-
-| 03.31
+| 03:31
 |'''char var_name[ ] = {'S', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}'''  within single quotes
 |-
-| 03.36
+| 03:36
 |eg: '''char names[10] = {'P', 'r', 'i', 'y', 'a'}'''  in single quotes
 |-
-| 03.42
+| 03:42
 |Let me show you how to use the first syntax with an example.
 |-
-| 03.48
+| 03:48
 |Switch back to our Editor. We will use the same example.
 |-
-| 03.52
+| 03:52
 |First, press '''shift, ctrl and s '''keys simultaneously on your keyboard
 |-
-| 03.58
+| 03:58
 |Now save the file with the name stringinitialize'''
 |-
-| 04.03
+| 04:03
 |Now click on '''Save'''
 |-
-| 04.06
+| 04:06
 | We are going to initialize the '''string.'''
 |-
-| 04.08
+| 04:08
 |Hence, at the 5th line, type
 |-
-| 04.11
+| 04:11
 | '''= and within the double quotes “Spoken- Tutorial”; '''
 |-
-| 04.20
+| 04:20
 |Now, click on '''Save '''
 |-
-| 04.22
+| 04:22
 |Now remove these two lines, as we are only going to print the '''string.'''
 |-
-| 04.27
+| 04:27
 |Click on '''Save. '''
 |-
-| 04.30
+| 04:30
 |Let us execute.
 |-
-| 04.31
+| 04:31
 |Come back to our '''terminal.'''
 |-
-| 04.33
+| 04:33
 |To compile, type
 |-
-| 04.35
+| 04:35
 |'''gcc space stringinitialize.c space -o space str2 '''
 |-
-| 04.44
+| 04:44
 |Here we have '''str2''' because we don't want to overwrite the output parameter str for the file string.c
 |-
-| 04.54
+| 04:54
 |Now press '''Enter. '''
 |-
-| 04.56
+| 04:56
 |To execute, type '''./str2 '''
 |-
-| 05.00
+| 05:00
 |The output is displayed as ''' "The string is Spoken-Tutorial".'''
 |-
-| 05.06
+| 05:06
 |Now we will see some common errors which we can come across .
 |-
-| 05.09
+| 05:09
 |Come back to our program
 |-
-| 05.11
+| 05:11
 |Suppose here we type the spelling of string as '''sting'''
 |-
-| 05.16
+| 05:16
 |Now click on '''Save.'''
 |-
-| 05.18
+| 05:18
 |Let us execute
 |-
-| 05.19
+| 05:19
 |Come back to our '''terminal'''
 |-
-| 05.21
+| 05:21
 |Now compile as before
 |-
-| 05.23
+| 05:23
 |We see an fatal error.
 |-
-| 05.25
+| 05:25
 |'''sting.h: no such file or directory '''
 |-
-| 05.28
+| 05:28
 |'''compilation terminated '''
 |-
-| 05.30
+| 05:30
 |Come back to our program.
 |-
-| 05.32
+| 05:32
 |This is because the compiler is not able to find the header file with the name '''sting.h '''
 |-
-| 05.39
+| 05:39
 |Hence it is giving an error.
 |-
-| 05.41
+| 05:41
 |Let us fix the error.
 |-
-| 05.43
+| 05:43
 |Type '''r''' here.
 |-
-| 05.45
+| 05:45
 |Now click on '''Save. '''
 |-
-| 05.46
+| 05:46
 |Let us execute again.
 |-
-| 05.47
+| 05:47
 |Come back to our '''terminal. '''
 |-
-| 05.50
+| 05:50
 |Compile as before, execute as before.
 |-
-| 05.54
+| 05:54
 |Yes, it is working!
 |-
-| 05.56
+| 05:56
 |Now, let us see another common error.
 |-
-| 05.59
+| 05:59
 |Come back to our program.
 |-
-| 06.02
+| 06:02
 |Suppose, here, I will type int in place of char.
 |-
-| 06.06
+| 06:06
 |Now, click on Save .
 |-
-| 06.07
+| 06:07
 |Let us see what happens.
 |-
-| 06.09
+| 06:09
 |Come back to our terminal.
 |-
-| 06.11
+| 06:11
 |Let me clear the prompt.
 |-
-| 06.15
+| 06:15
 |Compile as before.
 |-
-| 06.17
+| 06:17
 |We see an error.
 |-
-| 06.19
+| 06:19
 |'''Wide character array initialized from non-wide string '''
 |-
-| 06.24
+| 06:24
 |format %s expects argument of type 'char, ' but  argument 2 has type 'int'
 |-
-| 06.32
+| 06:32
 |Come back to our program.
 |-
-| 06.36
+| 06:36
 |This is because we used ''' %s''' as the '''format specifier''' for '''string.'''
 |-
-| 06.42
+| 06:42
 |And we are initializing it with an '''integer''' data type
 |-
-| 06.47
+| 06:47
 |Let us fix the error.
 |-
-| 06.49
+| 06:49
 |Type '''char''' here.
 |-
-| 06.51
+| 06:51
 |Click on '''Save. '''
 |-
-| 06.53
+| 06:53
 |Let us execute. Come back to our '''terminal.'''
 |-
-| 06.56
+| 06:56
 |Compile as before, execute as before.
 |-
-| 07.00
+| 07:00
 |Yes it is working!
 |-
-| 07.03
+| 07:03
 |Now we will see how to execute the same program in '''C++'''
 |-
-| 07.08
+| 07:08
 |Come back to our program.
 |-
-| 07.11
+| 07:11
 |Let me open our file '''string.c'''
 |-
-| 07.15
+| 07:15
 |We will edit the code here.
 |-
-| 07.18
+| 07:18
 |First, press '''shift, ctrl and S''' key simultaneously on your keyboard.
 |-
-| 07.25
+| 07:25
 |Now save the file with an extension '''.cpp'''
 |-
-| 07.29
+| 07:29
 |and click on '''Save. '''
 |-
-| 07.33
+| 07:33
 |Now we will change the header file as ''' iostream. '''
 |-
-| 07.38
+| 07:38
 |Include the '''using statement. '''
 |-
-| 07.43
+| 07:43
 |Now click on '''Save.'''
 |-
-| 07.47
+| 07:47
 |Now we will delete this declaration.
 |-
-| 07.50
+| 07:50
 |And will declare a '''string variable.'''
 |-
-| 07.53
+| 07:53
 |Type '''string space strname''' and a '''semicolon'''
 |-
-| 07.59
+| 07:59
 |Click on '''Save.'''
 |-
-| 08.02
+| 08:02
 | Replace the '''printf''' statement with the '''cout''' statement.
 |-
-| 08.07
+| 08:07
 |Delete the closing bracket here.
 |-
-| 08.11
+| 08:11
 |Delete the '''scanf''' statement and type '''getline opening bracket closing bracket within the brackets type(cin, strname) '''
 |-
-| 08.24
+| 08:24
 |At the end, type a '''semicolon. '''
 |-
-| 08.28
+| 08:28
 |Now again, replace the '''printf''' statement with the '''cout''' statement.
 |-
-| 08.36
+| 08:36
 |Delete the '''format specifier''' and '''\n '''
 |-
-| 08.40
+| 08:40
 |Now delete the '''comma'''
 |-
-| 08.42
+| 08:42
 |Type two opening angle brackets, delete the bracket here.
 |-
-| 08.49
+| 08:49
 |Type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type''' \n '''
 |-
-| 08.54
+| 08:54
 |And click on '''Save'''
 |-
-| 08.58
+| 08:58
 |Here we have declared a '''string variable 'strname' '''
 |-
-| 09.03
+| 09:03
 |Since we do not use the '''format specifier''' in '''C++''', the compiler should know that strname is a '''string variable. '''
 |-
-| 09.13
+| 09:13
 |Here we use '''getline''' to extract the characters from the input sequence.
 |-
-| 09.18
+| 09:18
 |It stores them as a '''string'''.
 |-
-| 09.22
+| 09:22
 |Now let us execute the program. Come back to our terminal.
 |-
-| 09.27
+| 09:27
 |Let me clear the prompt.
 |-
-| 09.30
+| 09:30
 |To compile, type
 |-
-| 09.32
+| 09:32
 |'''g++ space string.cpp space -o space str3 '''
 |-
-| 09.39
+| 09:39
 |and press '''Enter. '''
 |-
-| 09.41
+| 09:41
 |To execute, type '''./str3 '''
 |-
-| 09.46
+| 09:46
 |Press '''Enter. '''
 |-
-| 09.47
+| 09:47
 |It is displayed as '''Enter the string'''
 |-
-| 09.50
+| 09:50
 |I will enter as '''Talk To A Teacher '''
 |-
-| 09.55
+| 09:55
 |Now press '''Enter'''
 |-
-| 09.57
+| 09:57
 |The output is displayed as
 |-
-| 09.59
+| 09:59
 |''' "The string is Talk To A Teacher''  "'
 |-
-| 10.03
+| 10:03
 |We can see that the output is similar to our C code.
 |-
-| 10.07
+| 10:07
 |Now come back to our slides.
 |-
-| 10.10
+| 10:10
 |Let us summarize
 |-
-| 10.11
+| 10:11
 |In this tutorial we learnt
 |-
-| 10.13
+| 10:13
 |'''Strings '''
 |-
-| 10.14
+| 10:14
 |Declaration of a '''string '''
 |-
-| 10.16
+| 10:16
 |'''eg: char strname[30] '''
 |-
-|10.20
+|10:20
 |Initialization of a '''string '''
 |-
-| 10.21
+| 10:21
 |eg: '''char strname[30] = “Talk To A Teacher”'''
 |-
-| 10.26
+| 10:26
 |As an assignment
 |-
-| 10.28
+| 10:28
 |Write a program to print a '''string''' using the 2nd syntax
 |-
-| 10.34
+| 10:34
 |Watch the video available at the link shown below
 |-
-| 10.37
+| 10:37
 |It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project
 |-
-| 10.40
+| 10:40
 |If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it
 |-
-|10.44
+|10:44
 |The Spoken Tutorial Project Team
 |-
-| 10.46
+| 10:46
 |Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
 |-
-| 10.49
+| 10:49
 |Gives certificates to those who pass an online test
 |-
-| 10.54
+| 10:54
 |For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org
 |-
-|11.01
+|11:01
 |Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project
 |-
-|11.04
+|11:04
 |It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
 |-
-| 11.12
+| 11:12
 |More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below
 |-
-| 11.16
+| 11:16
 |This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off.
 |-
-| 11.20
+| 11:20
 |Thank You for watching.