Difference between revisions of "C-and-C++/C3/Arrays/English-timed"

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|Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on '''Arrays''' in '''C''' and '''C++.'''

|Welcome to the spoken-tutorial on '''Arrays''' in '''C''' and '''C++.'''

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|In this tutorial we will learn,   

|In this tutorial we will learn,   

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|What is an '''array.'''

|What is an '''array.'''

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|Declaration of an '''array. '''

|Declaration of an '''array. '''

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|Initialization of an '''array. '''

|Initialization of an '''array. '''

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| Few Examples on array

| Few Examples on array

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|We will also see some common errors and their solutions.  

|We will also see some common errors and their solutions.  

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| To record this tutorial, I am using,  

| To record this tutorial, I am using,  

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|'''Ubuntu Operating System''' version 11.04  

|'''Ubuntu Operating System''' version 11.04  

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| '''gcc''' and '''g++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 .

| '''gcc''' and '''g++ Compiler''' version 4.6.1 .

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|Let us start with the introduction to '''Array.'''

|Let us start with the introduction to '''Array.'''

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|'''Array''' is the collection of data or elements of same data-type.  

|'''Array''' is the collection of data or elements of same data-type.  

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|'''Array''' index starts from 0.  

|'''Array''' index starts from 0.  

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|The first element is stored at index 0.  

|The first element is stored at index 0.  

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|There are three types of arrays:

|There are three types of arrays:

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|'''Single dimensional array. '''

|'''Single dimensional array. '''

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|'''Two dimensional array''' and

|'''Two dimensional array''' and

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|'''Multi-dimensional array. '''

|'''Multi-dimensional array. '''

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|We will be discussing single dimensional array in this tutorial.  

|We will be discussing single dimensional array in this tutorial.  

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|Let us see how to declare '''single dimensional array.'''

|Let us see how to declare '''single dimensional array.'''

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|The Syntax for this is:  

|The Syntax for this is:  

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|'''data-type name of the array and size'''

|'''data-type name of the array and size'''

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|example, here we have declare an integer array star which contain 5 elements

|example, here we have declare an integer array star which contain 5 elements

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|The array index will start from star 0 to star 4

|The array index will start from star 0 to star 4

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|We saw the declaration of an array

|We saw the declaration of an array

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|Now, we will see the initialize of an array.  

|Now, we will see the initialize of an array.  

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|The Syntax for this is:  

|The Syntax for this is:  

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|'''data-type,( name of the array ), size is equal to elements'''

|'''data-type,( name of the array ), size is equal to elements'''

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|example, here we have declared an integer array star with size 3. The elements of the array are 1,2 and 3

|example, here we have declared an integer array star with size 3. The elements of the array are 1,2 and 3

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|Here the index will start from star 0 to star 2

|Here the index will start from star 0 to star 2

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|Now, lets us move to the examples

|Now, lets us move to the examples

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|I have already typed the program on the editor.  

|I have already typed the program on the editor.  

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|So, let me open it.  

|So, let me open it.  

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|Please,note that our file name is '''array.c '''

|Please,note that our file name is '''array.c '''

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| In this program, we will calculate the sum of the elements stored in an array.  

| In this program, we will calculate the sum of the elements stored in an array.  

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| Let me explain the code now

| Let me explain the code now

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| This is our '''header file.'''

| This is our '''header file.'''

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|This is our '''main function'''.  

|This is our '''main function'''.  

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| Here, we have declared and initialized an '''array star''' with size 3.  

| Here, we have declared and initialized an '''array star''' with size 3.  

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| The elements of the array are 4, 5 and 6

| The elements of the array are 4, 5 and 6

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|Then we have declared an '''integer variable sum'''

|Then we have declared an '''integer variable sum'''

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| Here we add the elements of the array and store the result in '''sum'''.  

| Here we add the elements of the array and store the result in '''sum'''.  

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|Note that 4 will be store at index 0, 5 will be store at index 1 and 6 will be store at index 2

|Note that 4 will be store at index 0, 5 will be store at index 1 and 6 will be store at index 2

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| Then we print the sum.

| Then we print the sum.

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|This is our '''return statement.'''

|This is our '''return statement.'''

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|Now, click on '''Save.'''

|Now, click on '''Save.'''

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| Let us execute the program.  

| Let us execute the program.  

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|Please open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T ''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.

|Please open the terminal window by pressing '''Ctrl, Alt and T ''' keys simultaneously on your keyboard.

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|To compile type, '''gcc space array dot c space hypen o array''' and press '''Enter.'''

|To compile type, '''gcc space array dot c space hypen o array''' and press '''Enter.'''

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| To execute type, '''dot slash array '''.Press '''Enter'''

| To execute type, '''dot slash array '''.Press '''Enter'''

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| Here the output is displayed as,  

| Here the output is displayed as,  

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|'''The sum is 15.'''

|'''The sum is 15.'''

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|Now let us see some common errors which we can come accross.  

|Now let us see some common errors which we can come accross.  

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|Come back to our program.  

|Come back to our program.  

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|Suppose here, at line number 4 we miss the curly brackets.  

|Suppose here, at line number 4 we miss the curly brackets.  

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|Click on '''Save'''. Let us see what happens

|Click on '''Save'''. Let us see what happens

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|Come back to the terminal.  

|Come back to the terminal.  

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|Let us compile as before.  

|Let us compile as before.  

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| We see an error

| We see an error

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|Invalid initializer and Expected identifier or bracket before numeric constant.  

|Invalid initializer and Expected identifier or bracket before numeric constant.  

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|This is because arrays must be initialized within curly brackets.  

|This is because arrays must be initialized within curly brackets.  

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|Come back to our program. Let us fix the error.

|Come back to our program. Let us fix the error.

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|Type the curly brackets here at line number 4.

|Type the curly brackets here at line number 4.

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|Now, click on '''Save'''

|Now, click on '''Save'''

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|Lets us execute. Come back to the terminal  

|Lets us execute. Come back to the terminal  

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|Let us compile as before. Let us execute as before.

|Let us compile as before. Let us execute as before.

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| Yes,it is working

| Yes,it is working

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|Now we will execute the same program in C++.  

|Now we will execute the same program in C++.  

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|Come back to our program.  

|Come back to our program.  

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|I will change a few things here.  

|I will change a few things here.  

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|First press '''Shift , Ctrl and S''' keys  simultaneously on your keyboard

|First press '''Shift , Ctrl and S''' keys  simultaneously on your keyboard

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|Now save the file with the extension dot '''cpp''' and click on '''Save'''

|Now save the file with the extension dot '''cpp''' and click on '''Save'''

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|Let us change the ''' header file''' as '''iostream'''

|Let us change the ''' header file''' as '''iostream'''

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|Now include the '''using''' statement

|Now include the '''using''' statement

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|The declaration and initialization of an array is same in C++

|The declaration and initialization of an array is same in C++

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|Hence no need to change anything here

|Hence no need to change anything here

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|Now replace the '''printf''' statement with the '''cout''' statement.  

|Now replace the '''printf''' statement with the '''cout''' statement.  

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|Delete the format specifier and back slash n, now delete the comma and type two opening angle brackets

|Delete the format specifier and back slash n, now delete the comma and type two opening angle brackets

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|Delete the bracket here. Again type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type back slash n

|Delete the bracket here. Again type two opening angle brackets and within the double quotes type back slash n

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|Now click on '''Save.'''  

|Now click on '''Save.'''  

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|Let us execute. Come back to a terminal.   

|Let us execute. Come back to a terminal.   

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|To compile type, '''g++ space array dot cpp space hypen o space array1.'''

|To compile type, '''g++ space array dot cpp space hypen o space array1.'''

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|Here we have array1 because we dont want to overwrite the output parameter '''array''' for the file '''array dot c'''

|Here we have array1 because we dont want to overwrite the output parameter '''array''' for the file '''array dot c'''

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|Now press '''Enter.'''

|Now press '''Enter.'''

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|To execute type,''' dot slash array1''' .Press '''Enter'''

|To execute type,''' dot slash array1''' .Press '''Enter'''

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|The output is displayed as,  '''The sum is 15'''

|The output is displayed as,  '''The sum is 15'''

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|We can see that it is similar to our C code

|We can see that it is similar to our C code

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|Now, we will see another common error.

|Now, we will see another common error.

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|Come back to our program

|Come back to our program

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|Suppose here, at line number 7  

|Suppose here, at line number 7  

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|I will type star[1],  star[2] and  star[3];  

|I will type star[1],  star[2] and  star[3];  

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|Click on Save.

|Click on Save.

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|Let us execute. Come back to our terminal

|Let us execute. Come back to our terminal

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|Let me clear the prompt.

|Let me clear the prompt.

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|Let us compile as before.

|Let us compile as before.

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|Let us execute as before.

|Let us execute as before.

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|We get an unexpected output.

|We get an unexpected output.

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|This is because array index starts from 0.

|This is because array index starts from 0.

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|Come back to our program. We can see here the array index starts from one.

|Come back to our program. We can see here the array index starts from one.

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|Hence it is giving an error. Let us fix the error.

|Hence it is giving an error. Let us fix the error.

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|Type 0 here 1 and 2. Click on Save

|Type 0 here 1 and 2. Click on Save

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|Let us execute. Come back to our terminal

|Let us execute. Come back to our terminal

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|Let us compile as before. Execute as before

|Let us compile as before. Execute as before

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|Yes, it is working.

|Yes, it is working.

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|Now, we will go back to our slides

|Now, we will go back to our slides

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|Le us summarize

|Le us summarize

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|In this tutorial we learned,

|In this tutorial we learned,

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|Arrays.  

|Arrays.  

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|To declare Single Dimensional Arrays.  

|To declare Single Dimensional Arrays.  

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|To initialize Single Dimensional Arrays.

|To initialize Single Dimensional Arrays.

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|example''' int star[3]={4, 5, 6}'''

|example''' int star[3]={4, 5, 6}'''

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|To add the element of the array, example sum is equal to star 0 plus star 1 plus star 2

|To add the element of the array, example sum is equal to star 0 plus star 1 plus star 2

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|As an assignment,  

|As an assignment,  

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|Write a program to calculate the difference of the elements stored in an array.  

|Write a program to calculate the difference of the elements stored in an array.  

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|-

|Watch the video available at the link shown below

|Watch the video available at the link shown below

|-

|-

|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project  

|It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project  

|-

|-

|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  

|If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it  

|-

|-

|The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  

|The Spoken Tutorial Project Team  

|-

|-

|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  

|Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials  

|-

|-

|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  

|Gives certificates to those who pass an online test  

|-

|-

|For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org  

|For more details, please write to, contact@spoken-tutorial.org  

|-

|-

|Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project  

|Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of Talk to a Teacher project  

|-

|-

|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

|It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India

|-

|-

|More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below

|More information on this Mission is available at the link shown below

|-

|-

|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off  

|This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off  

|-

|-

|Thank You for watching.

|Thank You for watching.