View source for PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C3/LCR-Series-and-Parallel-Circuits/English

'''Title of the Tutorial:''' LCR Series and Parallel Circuit

'''Author: '''Dr. Jagdish Kaur and Amardeep Kaur

'''Keywords: '''PhET, AC voltage, resistor, capacitor, inductor, resonance frequency, video tutorial.

{|border=1
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this Spoken Tutorial on '''LCR Series and Parallel Circuits'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial we will learn to,
* Buid LCR circuits in series and parallel combination
* Calculate the resonance frequency from the graph and formula
|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''System Requirements'''
|| This tutorial is recorded using,
* Windows 11
* Google Chrome v 123.0.63
|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''Pre-requisites'''
|| To follow this tutorial,

Learners should be familiar with topics in, 
* Simple AC circuits 
|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''

'''Resonance Frequency'''
|| '''Resonance frequency''' 
* It is the frequency at which the impedance of the LCR circuit becomes minimum or
* Current in the circuit becomes maximum.
* Resonance frequency (υ) is given by
υ = <math>\frac{1}{2\pi \surd \mathit{LC}}</math>
|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''

Links for&nbsp;'''PhET simulations'''

[https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/circuit-construction-kit-ac-virtual-lab https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/circuit-construction-kit-ac-virtual-lab]
|| In this tutorial we will use '''Circuit Construction Kit AC: Virtual Lab PhET simulation'''.

Please use the given link to download the simulation. 
|-
|| Point to the simulations in the''' Downloads folder.'''

'''Circuit Construction Kit AC: Virtual Lab'''
|| I have already downloaded the '''simulation '''to my '''Downloads '''folder.
|-
|| '''Point to Circuit Construction Kit AC: Virtual Lab Simulation.'''
|| Let us begin.
|-
|| '''Right-click on Circuit Construction Kit AC: Virtual Lab Simulation_en.html file.'''

Select '''Open with Google Chrome '''option.

Point to the browser address.
|| To open the simulation, click on '''Circuit Construction Kit AC: Virtual Lab Simulation _en.html '''file.
|-
|| '''Point to the simulation interface.'''
|| This is the interface of '''Circuit construction Kit: AC Virtual Lab '''simulation.
|-
|| Cursor on the interface.
|| Let us find the resonance frequency for '''LCR series '''circuit. 
|-
|| Point to the left side of Circuit elements
|| On the left side of the interface, we can see a list of circuit elements. 
|-
|| '''Drag a wire'''
|| Drag a wire to the interface.
|-
|| '''Drag an Inductor'''

'''Click on the inductor'''

Point to the value of '''inductor.'''
|| Let’s attach an inductor to the wire.

The inductance value of the inductor is 5 Henry.
|-
|| Drag a Capacitor

'''Click on the capacitor'''

Point to the value of '''capacitor'''
|| Let us add a capacitor in series to the inductor.

The capacitance of capacitor is 0.1 Farads.
|-
|| '''Drag a Resistor.'''

'''Click on the Resistor'''

Point to the value of '''resistance.'''
|| Now add a resistor in series to the capacitor.

The resistance of the resistor is 10 ohms.
|-
|| '''Drag a wire and ammeter.'''
|| Let’s attach an ammeter in series to the resistor using a connecting wire.
|-
|| '''Point to the AC voltage source'''

'''Click on the AC Voltage source'''
|| Now attach an AC voltage source parallel to the inductor using connecting wires. 

The AC voltage value is 9 V and its frequency is 0.50 Hz.
|-
|| '''Point on the switch and attached with the AC Voltage source.'''
|| Let’s drag and attach a switch in series to the AC Voltage source using a wire. 
|-
|| '''Drag wires and attached in the circuit.'''

'''Click on the Values check box on the right panel '''
|| The circuit is completed by connecting wires in between switch and ammeter.

Click the '''Values''' check box on the right, to display value of each component.
|-
|| '''Single click on the switch'''
|| Now, close the switch by clicking on it.
|-
|| '''Point to the ammeter reading'''
|| Ammeter reading shows AC current flowing through the circuit.
|-
|| '''Point to the current chart'''
|| Drag the current chart and place its probe near the ammeter.
|-
|| '''Click on the AC Voltage source'''
|| We will change the frequency of AC voltage source to 0.1 Hz.

Observe change in the amplitude in the current chart.
|-
|| '''Click on Pause button'''
|| Please pause the simulation.
|-
|| '''Click on the step forward radio button'''
|| Using the step forward button, observe the maximum value of the current reading.

For 0.1 Hertz frequency, current value is 0.56 A.
|-
|| '''Click on the AC voltage source and change in frequency in steps'''
|| Again, change the frequency of AC voltage source in steps of 0.02 Hz.

Let us note the ammeter reading at each frequency. 

Pause the simulation.

For 0.12Hz frequency current value is 0.66 ampere.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''LCR Series Circuit'''

{| 
|| Frequency (Hz)
|| Current (A)
|-
|| 0.1
|| 0.56
|-
|| 0.12
|| 0.66
|-
|| 0.14
|| 0.74
|-
|| 0.16
|| 0.8
|-
|| 0.18
|| 0.86
|-
|| 0.2
|| 0.89
|-
|| 0.22
|| 0.89
|-
|| 0.24
|| 0.90
|-
|| 0.26
|| 0.88
|-
|| 0.28
|| 0.86
|-
|| 0.3
|| 0.83
|-
|| 0.32
|| 0.89
|-
|| 0.34
|| 0.77
|-
|| 0.36
|| 0.73
|-
|| 0.38
|| 0.7
|-
|| 0.4
|| 0.68
|-
|}
|| The value of current at each frequency is given in the following table:
|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''LCR Series Circuit'''

|| From the graph: Current has maximum value at 0.24 '''Hertz''' frequency.
|-
|| '''Cursor on the interface.'''

'''Click the Reset button '''
|| Now let us find the resonance frequency for '''LCR Parallel''' circuit. 

Click the Reset button the refresh the interface.
|-
|| '''Drag an Inductor, Capacitor, Resistor and connecting wires'''
|| Let us place an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor in parallel to each other.

Now let us connect them using the connecting wires.
|-
|| '''Drag a wire and ammeter.'''
|| Let’s attach an ammeter in series to the inductor using a connecting wire.
|-
|| '''Point to the AC voltage source'''
|| Now attach an AC voltage source in parallel to the inductor using wires. 
|-
|| '''Drag a light bulb and wire'''
|| Let’s attach a light bulb in series to the AC source using a wire.
|-
|| '''Point on the switch and attached with the light bulb'''
|| Let’s drag a switch and attach it in series with the light bulb with a wire.
|-
|| '''Drag wires and attached in the circuit.'''
|| The circuit is completed by connecting the wires in between the switch and the ammeter. 
|-
|| '''Left click on the switch.'''
|| Now, close the switch by clicking on it.
|-
|| '''Point to the ammeter reading'''
|| Ammeter reading shows AC current flowing through the circuit.
|-
|| '''Point to the current chart'''
|| Drag the current chart and place its probe near the ammeter.
|-
|| '''Click on the AC Voltage source'''
|| Let us change the frequency of AC voltage source to 0.1 Hz .

Observe changes in the current chart.
|-
|| '''Click on Pause button'''
|| Pause the simulation
|-
|| '''Click on the step forward radio button'''

'''Point to the current reading values.'''
|| Let us click the step forward button several times.

Observe the values of the current readings.

For 0.1 Hz frequency maximum current value is 0.75 ampere.
|-
|| '''Click on the AC voltage source and change in frequency in steps'''
|| Let us change the frequency of AC voltage source in steps of 0.02 Hz.

Let us note the ammeter reading at each frequency.

Pause the simulation.

For frequency 0.12 Hz, current value is 0.7 A. 
|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''LCR Parallel Circuit'''

{|
|| Frequency (Hz)
|| Current (A)
|- 
|| 0.1
|| 0.75
|- 
|| 0.12
|| 0.7
|- 
|| 0.14
|| 0.63
|- 
|| 0.16
|| 0.56
|- 
|| 0.18
|| 0.52
|- 
|| 0.2
|| 0.48
|- 
|| 0.22
|| 0.45
|- 
|| 0.24
|| 0.44
|- 
|| 0.26
|| 0.46
|- 
|| 0.28
|| 0.5
|- 
|| 0.3
|| 0.54
|- 
|| 0.32
|| 0.57
|- 
|| 0.34
|| 0.61
|- 
|| 0.36
|| 0.63
|- 
|| 0.38
|| 0.65
|- 
|| 0.4
|| 0.67
|-
|}
|| Let us tabulate the values of current at each frequency.

The different values of frequency and current are shown in this table.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''LCR Parallel Circuit'''
|| 

From Graph: Current has minimum value at 0.24 '''Hertz''' frequency.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 11'''

'''Resonance Frequency from Equation'''
|| In LCR series and parallel circuits,

Inductance value is 5 H

Capacitance value is 0.1 F

Resonance frequency (υ) is = <math>\frac{1}{2\pi \sqrt{\mathrm{❑}}}</math><nowiki>= 0.225 Hz</nowiki>

Calculated value of resonance frequency is comparable with the value obtained from graph.
|-
|| 
|| With this, we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarise.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 12'''

'''Summary'''
|| Using this simulation we have
* Built LCR circuits in series and parallel combination
* Calculated the resonance frequency from the graph and formula
|-
|| '''Slide Number 13'''

'''Assignment 1'''
|| As an assignment
* Change the inductance to 7 H and capacitance to 0.2 F and
* Calculate the resonance frequency

|-
|| '''Slide Number 14'''

'''Assignment 2'''
|| * Change the resistance values to 5 ohms and 15 ohms.
* Find the variation of current with frequency. 
|-
|| '''Slide Number 15'''

'''Spoken Tutorial Project'''
|| The video at the following link summarises the '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 16'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team,

Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test

For more details, please write to us [mailto:contact@spoken-tutorail.org contact@spoken-tutorail.org]
|-
|| '''Slide Number 17'''

'''Forum for specific questions:'''
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

Visit [https://forums.spoken-tutorail.org/ https://forums.spoken-tutorail.org]

The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer.

You will have to register to ask questions
|-
|| '''Slide Number 18'''

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| '''The Spoken Tutorial''' Project was established by the Ministry''' of Education, Government of India'''.
|-
|| 
|| This tutorial is contributed by Dr. Jagdish Kaur and Amardeep Kaur from DAV College Amritsar.

Thank you for joining.
|-
|}