View source for PhET/C2/The-Greenhouse-Effect/English-timed

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||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

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|| 00:01
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Greenhouse Effect''', an  interactive '''PhET simulation'''. 

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|| 00:07
|| In this tutorial, we will demonstrate '''Greenhouse Effect''', using Interactive '''PhET simulation'''. 

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|| 00:14
|| To follow this tutorial, you should have knowledge of high-School science. 

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|| 00:20
|| Here I am using- '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04 

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|| 00:26
||'''Java''' version 1.7.0 

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|| 00:30
||'''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2. 

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|| 00:36
|| Using this simulation, students will learn:  
1. Effect of greenhouse gases on atmospheric temperature. 

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||00:44
|| 2. Explore and compare the atmosphere of '''Ice age''' and today.

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||00:49
|| 3. Effect of '''Glass panes''' and '''Clouds''' on atmospheric temperature. 

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||00:55
|| 4. Interaction of photons with atmospheric gases. 
 
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||00:59
|| 5. Contribution of atmospheric gases to '''Greenhouse Effect'''. 

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|| 01:04
|| '''Greenhouse Effect''': 

It is a phenomenon in which earth's atmosphere traps radiation emitted by Sun. 

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|| 01:13
|| This effect is caused by gases in the atmosphere. 

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||01:17
|| They retain the heat radiated back from earth's surface. 

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|| 01:22
|| This slide shows greenhouse gases and their percentages. 

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|| 01:27
|| This process is similar to what happens inside a '''Greenhouse'''. 

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||01:32
|| In cold places, fruits and vegetables are grown in glass covered area called a '''Greenhouse'''. 

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|| 01:40
|| In a '''Greenhouse''', solar radiations pass through the transparent glass and heat up the soil. 

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||01:47
|| Some of this heat is absorbed by the glass and some is reflected. 

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||01:52
|| This mechanism keeps the energy of the sun trapped in the '''Greenhouse'''. 

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||01:58
|| Use the following '''link''' to download the '''simulation'''. 
  
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|| 02:02
|| I have already downloaded the '''Greenhouse Effect''' simulation to my '''Downloads''' folder. 

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||02:08
|| I will open the simulation using the '''terminal'''. 

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|| 02:12
|| Open the terminal. 

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||02:14
|| At the prompt, type: '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''. 

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||02:20
|| Then type: '''java space hyphen jar space greenhouse_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''. 

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||02:31
|| '''Greenhouse Effect''' simulation opens. 

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|| 02:35
|| The simulation has 3 screens: 

'''Greenhouse Effect''', 

'''Glass Layers''' and 

'''Photon Absorption'''. 

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||02:45
|| '''Greenhouse Effect''' screen shows Earth's atmosphere. 

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||02:49
|| Light from Sun is depicted as yellow photons. 

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||02:54
|| The radiated heat from Earth's surface is shown as red '''infrared photons'''. 

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|| 03:00
|| On the right-hand side '''panel''', we have options to explore the atmosphere. 

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||03:06
|| By default, '''Atmosphere during''' is set as '''Today'''. 

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|| 03:11
|| Observe the composition of greenhouse gases for '''Today's Atmosphere'''. 

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|| 03:16
|| There is a thermometer to record the temperature in '''Kelvin''' and '''Fahrenheit''' scales. 

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||03:23
|| '''Options''' panel has radio-buttons to display temperature in '''Fahrenheit''' or '''Celsius''' units. 

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|| 03:31
|| At the bottom of the screen, there are buttons to '''Pause''' and '''Play''' simulation. 

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||03:37
|| Drag the '''slider''' to change the speed of the '''animation''' from '''fast''' to '''slow'''. 

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|| 03:44
|| Observe the temperature on the thermometer. 

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|| 03:48
|| Click on '''Adjustable concentration''' button. 

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||03:52
|| It will increase the concentration of greenhouse gases.

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||03:57
|| Then drag the '''Greenhouse Gas Concentration''' slider towards '''Lots'''. .

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|| 04:03
|| Observe the temperature on the thermometer. 

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||04:07
|| As the concentration of greenhouse gases increases, temperature increases. 

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|| 04:13
|| Does clouds in atmosphere help in reducing the '''Greenhouse Effect'''? 

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||04:18
|| Add '''Clouds''' to the simulation from the '''Options''' menu. 

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||04:23
|| Observe the temperature. Note that '''Clouds''' will help the atmosphere to retain heat. 

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|| 04:30
|| You can also compare the atmosphere during 18<sup>th</sup> century and '''Ice age'''. 

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||04:36
|| Click on '''1750''' radio-button. 

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||04:40
|| Note the composition of greenhouse gases. 

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||04:44
|| Click on '''Ice age''' radio button. 

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||04:47
|| Note the change in composition of greenhouse gases. 

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||04:52
|| Percentage composition of greenhouse gases in '''Ice age''' is much lower. 

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|| 04:58
|| Click on '''Reset All''' button at the bottom of the '''screen''' to '''reset''' the simulation. 

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||05:04
|| Click on '''Yes''' to confirm your action. 

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|| 05:08
|| Now, let us explore other screens in this window. 

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|| 05:13
|| Click on '''Glass Layers''' tab. 

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||05:16
|| Here, we have an option to add '''Glass Panes''' to the simulation. 

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||05:22
|| This helps to understand the effect of '''Glass Panes''' on atmospheric temperature. 

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||05:28
|| Let us add a '''Glass Pane''' and observe the change in temperature. 

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||05:33
|| Add more '''Glass Panes''' and see what happens. 

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|| 05:38
|| Click on '''Photon Absorption''' tab. 

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|| 05:41
|| Drag the '''Infrared Photon''' slider to release the photons. 

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||05:46
|| Click on '''Atmospheric Gases''' radio buttons, one by one, and check the vibrations. 

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||06:00
|| Click on '''Build Atmosphere''' radio button. 

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||06:04
|| Drag the '''slider'''s for the respective atoms. 

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||06:19
|| Then drag the slider for releasing '''Infrared''' or '''Visible Photons'''.

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||06:25
|| Observe the vibrations of the molecules. 

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|| 06:29
|| Let us summarize. 

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|| 06:31
|| In this tutorial, we have learnt about the effect of greenhouse gases on atmospheric temperature, 

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||06:38
|| compared the atmosphere of '''Ice age''' and '''Today''', 

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||06:43
|| effect of '''Glass panes''' and '''Clouds''' on atmospheric temperature, 

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|| 06:48
|| interaction of photons with atmospheric gases, 

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||06:52
|| contribution of atmospheric gases to '''Greenhouse Effect'''. 

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|| 06:57
|| As an assignment, compare atmospheric temperature during 18<sup>th</sup> century and '''Ice age'''. 
 
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||07:05
||  Add '''Clouds''' to the simulation and observe the changes in the temperature.

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|| 07:11
|| Explore '''Glass layers''' and '''Photon Absorption''' screens. 

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||07:16
|| Explain why '''Glass panes''' increase the temperature of the atmosphere. 

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|| 07:22
|| The video at the following link summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. 
Please download and watch it. 

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|| 07:31
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project''' team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and gives certificates on passing online tests. 

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||07:41
|| For more details, please write to us.

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||07:45
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum. 

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|| 07:49
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. 

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||07:57
|| '''Spoken Tutorial''' Project is funded by '''NMEICT, MHRD,''' Government of India. 
More information on this mission is available at this link. 

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|| 08:09
|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha Kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao from IIT-Bombay. 

Thank you for joining 

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