View source for PhET/C2/Build-an-Atom/English


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||'''Visual Cue'''
||'''Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide Number 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Build an Atom''' simulation.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 2'''

'''Learning Objectives'''
|| In this tutorial we will,

Demonstrate '''Build an Atom''', Interactive PhET simulation.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 3'''

'''Pre-requisites'''
||  To follow this tutorial,

Learners should be familiar with topics in high school science. 
|-
|| '''Slide Number 4'''

'''System Requirement'''
||  Here I am using-

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04

Java version 1.7.0

Firefox Web Browser Version 53.02.2.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 5'''

'''Learning Goals'''
||  Using this Simulation, Students will be able to- 

'''Build an atom''' using protons, neutrons and electrons.<br/> 

Identify an element and its position on the periodic table. <br/> 

Determine whether an atom is neutral or an ion. <br/> 

Predict the charge. <br/> 
|-
|| '''Slide Number 6'''

'''Learning Goals'''
|| Determine the mass of an atom or ion. <br/> 

Determine the stability of atom or ion created.<br/> 

Represent the atomic symbols.<br/> 

Create Isotopes of an element.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 7'''

'''Composition Of An Atom'''
|| Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter.

Each atom consists of a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus.

Nucleus is surrounded by much lighter, negatively-charged electrons.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 8'''

'''Composition Of An Atom'''
|| Nucleus may also contain neutrons.

Neutron has same mass as proton but it has no charge.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 9'''

'''About Atom'''
|| Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom defines the chemical element.

Chemical properties of an element arise due to number & arrangement of electrons.
|-
|| 
||  Let us get started.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''Link for PhET simulation'''

http://phet.colorado.edu/ 
||  Use the given link to download the simulation.

[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu]
|-
|| Point to the file in '''Downloads''' folder.
||  I have already downloaded, '''Build an Atom''' simulation to my '''Downloads''' folder.
|-
|| Right click on '''build-an-atom_en.html''' file.

Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.

Point to the browser address.
|| To open the simulation, right click on '''build-an-atom_en.html''' file.

Select '''Open With Firefox Web Browser''' option.

File opens in the browser. 
|-
|| Cursor on the Interface.
|| This is the Interface of '''Build-an-Atom''' simulation.
|-
|| Point to the three screens.
|| The interface has 3 screens, 

'''Atom''',

'''Symbol''' and 

'''Game'''.
|-
|| Point to '''Atom''' screen.

Click on '''Atom''' screen.
||  Let us begin our simulation with '''Atom''' screen.

Click on '''Atom''' screen. 

Using this screen students can-

build atoms,

determine the identity, 

net-charge and 

mass of an atom.
|-
|| Pointer on the '''Atom''' drawing.

Point to the nucleus.

Point to orbits.

Point to the three containers.
|| '''Atom''' screen shows a '''Bohr's''' model of an atom.

It shows position of nucleus and 2 orbits.

At the bottom of the screen there are 3 containers with, 

'''Protons'''

'''Neutrons''' and 

'''Electrons'''.
|-
|| Point towards boxes naming '''Element''', '''Net charge''' and '''Mass Number'''. 


|| On the right-side, there are 3 panels,

'''Element''', 

'''Net charge''' and 

'''Mass Number'''.
|-
||Click on the green plus sign located on each box.

||To open the panel, 

Click on the green plus sign located on top-right corner on each panel.

This allows you to view the changes as you change the number of particles.
|-
|| Point to '''Show''' box.

Click on '''Stable/Unstable''' check box.
|| At the bottom of the screen, you will see '''Show''' box.

In the box, click on '''Stable/Unstable''' check box.
|-
|| Point to box.

Point to '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons'''.
|| The top left corner of the screen shows a box. 

It shows-

The number of '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons''' we have used to create the atom.
|-
|| Click on the '''Proton'''.

Drag and drop on the '''X''' mark.
|| Let us start by building '''Hydrogen''' atom.

From the '''Proton''' container, click on the '''Proton'''.

Drag and drop on the '''X''' mark, which represents the nucleus of an atom.
|-
|| Point to the boxes on the panel.
|| Simultaneously observe the changes in each of the panels.
|-
|| Cursor on the panel.
|| Hydrogen atom is the simplest of all elements.

It has one electron in the first orbit and one proton in the nucleus. 
|-
|| Drag an '''Electron''' and place in the 1<sup>st</sup> orbit.

Point to circular dashed lines.
|| Drag an '''Electron''' and place in the 1<sup>st</sup> orbit.

By default the orbits are shown as circular dashed lines.
|-
||Under '''Model''' heading, click on '''Cloud''' radio button. 

Point to orbit.

Click on '''Orbits''' radio button.
||Under '''Model''' heading, click on '''Cloud''' radio button. 

This will show the orbit as electron cloud.

Click on '''Orbits''' radio button to show the default orbits.
|-
|| Point to the boxes on the panel.

Point to '''Hydrogen'''.

Point to '''Net charge'''.

Point to '''Mass number'''.
|| Observe all the panels on the screen.

'''Element''' box shows '''Hydrogen''' as '''Element'''.

'''Net charge''' is zero and is labeled as neutral atom.

'''Mass number''' is one.
|-
|| Point to '''Stable'''.
|| It also shows that, the atom is '''Stable'''.
|-
|| Drag a '''Proton''' and place it on the nucleus.

Point to '''Helium Ion'''.
|| Now add one more '''Proton''' to the nucleus.

The atom is shown as '''Unstable Helium Ion'''.
|-
||Drag an '''Electron''' and place it on the 1<sup>st</sup> orbit.

Point to Unstable label.
||Add one more '''Electron''' in the 1<sup>st</sup> orbit.

Now it is a '''Neutral''' atom, but the atom is still labeled as '''Unstable'''.
|-
||Drag a '''Neutron''' and place it on the nucleus.

Point to the '''Mass Number'''.

Drag a '''Neutron''' and place it on the nucleus.
||Add a '''Neutron''' to the nucleus. The atom is now '''Stable'''. 

The '''Mass Number''' shows 3, but we know that atomic mass of helium is 4. 

So add another '''Neutron''' to the nucleus. 

This completes the atomic structure of '''Helium''' atom.
|-
|| Point to '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons'''.
|| '''Helium''' atom has 2 '''Protons''', 2 '''Neutrons''' and 2 '''Electrons'''.
|-
|| Point to the model.
|| We can add '''Neutrons''' to the nucleus to create isotopes of the same element.
|-
|| '''Slide number 11'''

'''Isotopes'''
|| Atoms of the same element that differ in neutrons are called Isotopes. 

Isotopes of same element have same chemical properties.
|-
|| Drag and drop one '''Proton''', one '''Electron''' and 2 '''Neutrons''' from the '''Helium''' atom.
|| Remove one '''Proton''', one '''Electron''' and 2 '''Neutrons''' from the '''Helium''' atom.

Now we have hydrogen atom also called '''Protium'''.
|-
|| Cursor on the window.
|| Let us create '''Isotopes''' of '''Hydrogen'''.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 12'''

'''Isotopes of Hydrogen'''
|| '''Hydrogen''' has three isotopes.

'''Protium''', '''Deuterium''' and '''Tritium'''.

Nucleus of '''Protium''' contains only one '''Proton'''.

'''Deuterium''' has one '''Proton''' and one '''Neutron'''.

'''Tritium''' has one '''Proton''' and 2 '''Neutrons'''.
|-
|| Drag and drop one '''Neutron''' to the nucleus.

Point to atom.

Point to '''Stable'''.

Drag and drop one more '''Neutron''' to the nucleus.

Point to atom.
|| Add one '''Neutron''' to the nucleus.

'''Deuterium''' atom is created. 

It is '''Stable'''.

Add another '''Neutron''' to the nucleus to create '''tritium'''.

'''Tritium''' is unstable, as shown here.
|-
|| '''Slide number 13'''

'''Assignment'''
|| As an assignment,

Create a neutral carbon atom.

Show isotopes of carbon. 
|-
|| Click on the reset button.
|| Click on reset button at the bottom-right corner.

This will reset the screen to default settings. 
|-
|| Click on '''Symbol''' screen at the bottom of the screen.
|| Next click on '''Symbol''' screen at the bottom of the interface.

Using this screen, students can interpret atomic symbols. 
|-
|| Cursor on '''Symbol''' screen.
|| Notice that a '''Symbol''' panel is added on the screen.

Atom of every element is represented by a '''symbol'''.

It gives information about atomic number, mass number and charge. 
|-
||Point to subscript number.

Point to superscript number

Point to top right corner number.
||The subscript number is called the atomic number.

The superscript number is called the mass number.

Charge on the atom is shown on the top-right corner. 
|-
|| '''Slide number 14'''

'''Atomic Number and Mass Number'''
|| The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number.

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number.
|-
|| Drag and drop '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons''' to the atom.

Cursor on the '''Symbol''' panel.

Point to '''Element''', atomic number, '''Mass Number''' and charge.
||  Add '''Protons''', '''Neutrons''' and '''Electrons''' to the atom.

Observe the '''Symbol''' panel.

Note the change in name of '''Element''', atomic number, '''Mass Number''' and charge.
|-
|| Point to '''Game''' screen.

Click on '''Game''' screen.

Point to the games.
|| Now we will move on to the '''Game''' screen.

Click on '''Game''' screen at the bottom of the interface.

Four different games are available.

These games will test the knowledge gained using this simulation.
|-
|| Point to timer and sound button.

Click on timer button.

Click on sound Symbol.
|| A timer and a sound button are provided at the bottom-left corner of the screen.

Click on the timer button to enable the timer before the game starts.

We can also control the sound by clicking on the sound symbol.
|-
|| Click on each game screen.

|| Click on each game screen and explore.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 15'''

'''Summary'''
|| In this tutorial we have learnt,

How to use '''Build an Atom''', Interactive PhET simulation.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 16'''

'''Summary'''
|| Using this simulation we have learnt to -

Build models of Hydrogen and Helium atoms.

Add or remove electrons to create ions.

Add or remove neutrons to create isotopes.
|-
|| '''Slide number 17'''

'''Assignment'''
|| As an assignment,

Create a neutral oxygen atom.

Add two electrons to the neutral atom.

Observe the change in parameters on various panels.

Try to remove electrons from the inner shells, observe the results.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 18'''

'''About Spoken Tutorial project'''
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 19'''

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops'''
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team:

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and

gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 20'''

'''Forum for specific questions''':

Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site

Choose the minute and second where you have the question.

Explain your question briefly

Someone from our team will answer them.
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 21'''

'''Acknowledgements'''
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching.
|-
|| '''Slide Number 22'''

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.
|-
|| 
|| This tutorial is contributed by Snehalatha kaliappan and Meenal Ghoderao from IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining. 
|-
|}