View source for OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C3/TON-and-TOFF-Instructions/English


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1: 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''TON & TOFF instructions'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* Delayed turn ON (TON) timer
* Delayed turn OFF (TOFF) timer

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we’ll learn about working of 

* '''Delayed turn ON timer''' and
* '''Delayed turn OFF timer'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* Ubuntu 18.04''' '''OS
* LDmicro
* OpenPLC Mainboard
* 24V, 2A SMPS
* USBasp programmer
* Traffic Light module
* Switchboard module

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''
* '''24V, 2A SMPS'''
* '''USBasp programmer'''
* '''Traffic Light module''' and
* '''Switchboard module'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Working of a Contact and a Coil
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
* To follow this tutorial, you should know the working of a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil'''.
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the LDmicro from the launcher bar
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Instructions -> Timers
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Instructions''' and then on '''Timers'''.

In '''LDmicro''', we have 3 different types of '''timers'''.

They are '''Delayed turn ON, Delayed turn OFF '''and''' Retentive delayed turn ON'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we will learn the working of a '''Delayed turn ON timer'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Contact’ >> Place the cursor to the right of the contact >>

Insert ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' and a '''Coil''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on contact >> Type switch in name box >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the '''Contact''' as '''‘switch’.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on the coil >> Rename it as ‘LED1’ >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then rename the '''Coil''' as '''‘LED'.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the contact >> Click Instructions -> Timers -> Insert TON
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now add a '''Delayed turn on timer''' to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

For that, place the cursor to the right of '''Xswitch'''.

Click on '''Instructions''' then '''Timers''' and then '''Insert TON.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Tnew
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''timer'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the name column, type ON
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Name''' column, type '''ON'''.

Note that the name will be prefixed by '''T''' by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the delay box type 5000

Click the OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the '''Delay''' column we can enter the desired delay.

Note that the delay is in milliseconds.

We’ll have a delay of 5s. 

So type 5000.

Click the '''OK''' button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now check the working of this '''logic'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Simulation mode >> Click Simulate -> Real-time simulation
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn '''ON''' the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start '''real-time simulation''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of Xswitch, YLED and TON in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially, the state of '''Xswitch''', '''YLED''' and '''TON''' are 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on '''Xswitch''' to change its state to 1.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of TON and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The state of '''TON''' will change to 20ms but the state of '''YLED''' is still 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of TON and YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the state of '''YLED''' will change to 1 after 5s.

The state of '''TON''' changes to 4.990s.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The '''TON variable''' counts up from zero in the units of '''PLC scan cycle''', which is 10ms.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of YLED
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the state of '''YLED''' and '''TON''' changes to 0 immediately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is, when '''TON''' is given '''logic''' 0, it outputs '''logic''' 0 immediately.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double click on Xswitch >> Double click on Xswitch 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Again change the state of '''Xswitch''' to 1.

Within 5s, change it back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of TON
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the state of '''TON''' goes back to 0.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, for '''TON''' to output '''logic''' 1, it should be given '''logic''' 1 for at least the delay time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Simulate -> Halt Simulation >> Click Simulate -> Simulation Mode
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn '''OFF''' the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us '''compile''' the '''logic'''.

The detailed steps on how to '''compile''' and save the '''logic''' are explained in the earlier tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP 

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the '''microcontroller AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.''' 

Adjust its '''parameters''' as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on Xswitch in I/O list >> Select PC0 >> Click OK button

Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Assign '''pin PC0''' to '''Xswitch''' and '''pin PA0''' to '''YLED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> rename it as ‘timeron.hex’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Compile''' the '''logic''' as '''timeron.hex'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Rename it as ‘timeron.ld’ >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Save the '''ladder diagram''' as '''timeron.ld.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this '''logic''' on hardware.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn '''ON''' the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> type ‘'''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:timeron.hex’ '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the '''Terminal''' by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you have saved the '''hex file'''.

Type the '''command''' as shown to upload the '''hex file''' to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''.

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.

This will prevent any hardware damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeron.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the connection details now. 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeron.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect GND''' pin''' of the red '''LED''' of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''GND''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the '''+5V pin''' of the red '''LED''' to '''PA0 pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeron.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND''' and '''5V''' of '''switchboard''' to '''GND''' and '''5V''' of the '''Mainboard''' respectively.

Then connect '''NO1''' of the '''Switchboard''' to '''PC0''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the connections as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| After making all the connections properly, turn '''ON''' the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Initially the red '''LED''' will not glow.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Press the switch '''NO1'''.

Remember '''NO1''' should be pressed for at least 5s for '''LED''' to turn '''ON'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The red '''LED''' should turn '''ON''' 5s after the '''NO1''' is pressed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can use '''latched action switches''' to avoid long pressing of '''switches'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Red '''LED''' will go '''OFF''' immediately when you release the '''switch NO1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the '''LED''' will glow after the '''switch''' is pressed for delay time.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn '''OFF''' the '''power supply'''.

Remove the connections made for this example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will now learn about the working of '''Delayed turn off timer'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Delayed turn off timer

* When it is given logic 1 it outputs logic 1 immediately.
* When given logic 0 it takes at least the delay time provided to output logic 0.
* Its variable counts up from zero in the units of PLC scan cycle


| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| For a '''Delayed turn off timer''' when given '''logic''' 1, it outputs '''logic''' 1 immediately.

When given '''logic''' 0 it takes at least the delay time provided to output '''logic''' 0.

Its '''variable''' counts up from zero in the units of '''PLC scan cycle'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7:

Code file - '''timeroff.ld '''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
* The '''files''' used in this tutorial are available in the '''Code Files '''link on this tutorial page.
* Please download and extract them
* Make a copy and then use them while practising

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

I’ll open the''' timeroff.ld '''which I have created and saved already.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeroff.ld logic on LDmicro interface
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, I have replaced the '''Delayed turn on timer''' with '''Delayed turn off timer'''.

I have renamed it as '''TOFF '''and given '''delay''' as 5s.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Hardware setup before connections
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then '''compiled''' the '''logic''' as''' ‘timeroff.hex’ '''and uploaded the same to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| timeroff.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The connections will be the same as in the '''Delayed turn ON timer''' example.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Hardware setup after connections
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see that the red '''LED''' turns '''ON''' immediately after '''NO1''' is pressed.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| It will take 5s to turn '''OFF''' once you release the '''switch NO1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus the '''LED''' goes '''off''', after the delay time once the '''switch''' is released.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Note the difference between '''Delayed turn on''' and '''Delayed turn off timers'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8: Summary

* Delayed turn ON (TON) timer
* Delayed turn OFF (TOFF) timer


| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial we learnt about working of 

* '''Delayed turn ON timer''' and
* '''Delayed turn OFF timer'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9: Assignment

* Draw a '''ladder diagram''' to blink an '''LED'''.
* Hint: Use both '''Delayed turn ON''' and '''Delayed turn OFF timers'''.


| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
* As an assignment, draw a '''ladder diagram''' to blink an '''LED'''.
* Hint: Use both '''Delayed turn ON''' and '''Delayed turn OFF timers'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
* Please post your timed queries in this forum

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 15:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}