View source for Linux/C2/Basic-Commands/Khasi

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|'''Time'''
|'''Narration'''
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|00:00
|Paralok baieit, pdiang sngewbha sha ka spoken tutorial halor ka '''Linux''' Operating System. 
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|00:05
|Ha kane ka tutorial, ngin pule katto katne ki '''basic commands'''. 
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|00:10
|Nga pyndonkam ka '''Ubuntu 10.04'''.
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|00:12
|Ngi ngeit ba phi la tip kumno ban plie sdang ïaka Linux operating system. 
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|00:17
|Lada phi sngewkwah tip shuh shuh, kadon ha kawei pat ka spoken tutorial, haka website [http://spoken-tutorial.org/ http://spoken-tutorial.org].
|-
|00:26
|Ha kane ka tutorial, ngin ïa peit kiei ki '''commands''' bad u ei u '''command interpreter'''.
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|00:33
|Nangta ngin sa pule shaphang kumno ban ioh jingïarap haka Linux dakaba pyndonkam ka command '''man'''. 
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|00:39
|Mynta ka jingkylli ba nyngkong ka long, "what are commands?". 
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|00:43
|Haki kyntien basuk, ngi lah ban ong ba ki Linux commands ki dei ki kyntien ba haba type ïaki ka pynlong ïaki jingleh ban jia.
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|00:52
|Ki Linux command ki long khlem pynbeit bad kim jrong palat ïaki saw tylli ki dak kum '''ls, who, ps''' ter ter. 
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|00:59
|Ki command ki long haki "lower case" bad ruh ki long "case sensitive". To ngin peit ïaka nuksa. 
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|01:05
|Leit sha ka '''Applications''' menu. 
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|01:08
|Jied '''Accessories''' bad nangta click ha '''Terminal''' naki jingjied ki ba don. 
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|01:14
|Lane ñion '''Ctrl Alt t''' haka keyboard jong phi ban plie ïaka terminal window. 
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|01:20
|Mynta ngi lah ban iohi ïa u prompt ($) bad u cursor uba khih hajan jong ka. Hangne kadei ba ngi donkam ban type ïaka command.  
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|01:29
|Type ïaki kyntien '''who''' bad ñion Enter. 
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|01:34
|Ngi lah ban iohi ïaka kyrteng jong ki user kiba la log in. Haka jingshisha, ngi dang shudep pyntreikam ïaka command bala khot '''who''' kaba pyni "who are logged into" ka system. 
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|01:47
|Hynrei kano ka bynta kaba pynkylla ïa kine ki command kiba long tang khyndiat tylli ki dak sha ki jingpyntreikam? 
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|01:54
|Kane kadei ka kamram jong ka Command Interpreter, bala khot ruh ka '''shell'''. 
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|01:59
|Ngi lah ban batai ïaka '''shell''' kum ka program kaba long kum u interface hapdeng jong ngi bad ka Linux system, 
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|02:08
|ka pynlah ïa ngi ban thep ïaki command naka bynta ka operating system ba kan pyntreikam. 
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|02:13
|Haka Linux ka  kham pynsuk ban install shibun tylli ki shell, ba ki nongpyndonkam bapher bapher ki lah ban jied uno uno uba ki sngewkwah.
 |-
|02:22
|Haka Linux, ka '''standard shell''' kaba ju install barabor kum ka  '''/bin/sh''' la khot ka '''bash''', ka GNU Bourne-Again SHell, naka GNU suite of tools. 
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|02:35
|Ki command kiba ngin ioh pule ha kane ka tutorial ki long kiba kyllum bad lah ban run ïaki hajan baroh ki Linux shell ryngkat khyndiat ki jingpynkylla. 
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|02:44
|Watla katta, ngin sa pyndonkam ïaka '''bash''' kum ka '''shell''' naka bynta ban pyni nuksa hakane ka tutorial.
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|02:51
|Ka long namar ka '''bash''' kadei ka shell kaba pawnam tam bad ka long basuk ban rah sha jan baroh ki UNIX.
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|02:58
|KIwei pat ki shell ki kynthup ïa ka Bourne shell kaba long ka original Unix shell, C Shell bad Korn shell
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|03:08
|Ban peit ka shell aiu kaba ngi pyndonkam,
 |-
|03:11
|Leit sha u terminal bad type ïaka command: '''echo''' space dollar haki dak heh '''SHELL''' bad ñion Enter.
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|03:27
|Bunsien hi ka output ka long '''/bin/bash''' kaba ai ïa ngi ïaka bash shell. 
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|03:34
|Kidon ki rukom ba ngi lah ban activate ïaki shell ba pher bapher. Ïa kita ynsa pule haki advanced tutorial. 



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|03:42
|Haka jingshisha, Ki '''Commands''' ki dei ki file kiba don ïaki programs, bunsien bala thoh haka C. 
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|03:47
|ïa kine ki file lah buh haki directory. Ban shem haei lahbuh ïaka command, ngi lah ban pyndonkam ïaka '''type''' command. 
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|03:55
| Type ha u command prompt: '''type'''space '''ps''' bad ñion Enter.
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|04:03
|Kane ka pyni ba haka jingshisha ïaka '''ps''' file lah buh haka '''/bin''' directory. 
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|04:09
|Haba ngi thep ïaka command ha u command prompt, ka shell ka wad ïaka file kaba ïahap bad ka kyrteng jong ka command haka list jong ki directory.
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|04:18
|Lada la shem ïaka, te ka program kaba ïadei bad kato ka file la pyntreikam, lym kumta, ka “command not found” error ynsa ai. 
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|04:27
|Ka list jong ki directory bala wad lah pyni daka '''PATH''' variable, kaba ngin sa ïa peit hadien. 
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 |04:34
|ïa mynta, lada ngi kwah ban iohi ïa kane ka list, shu type ïaka command '''echo''' space dollar '''PATH''' 
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|04:44
|Haki dak heh bad sa ñion Enter. 
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|04:52
|Haba ïakren ïaki command, kadon kawei kaba kongsan ba donkam ba ngin tip. 
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|04:57
|Ki Linux command ki long ar jaid: External command bad internal command. 
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|05:02
|Mynta, ki external command kidei kito kiba long kum ki  file/program kiba laka jong. 
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|05:07
|Jan baroh ki command haka Linux ki long ha kane ka rukom. Hynrei ki don katto katne ki command kiba ka jingpyntreikam jong ki la thoh hapoh jong ka shell bad kim long laki jong ki jong ki file. 
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|05:18
|Kine ki dei ki internal command. 
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|05:20
|Ka '''echo''' command kaba ngin sa ïa peit hadien, kadei ka internal command. 
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|05:25
|Leit sha u terminal bad type haka command: 
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|05:33
|'''type''' space '''echo''' bad Nion Enter.
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|05:40
|Ka output ka pyni '''echo is a shell built-in'''. 
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|05:43
|Te haka jaka ba kan ai ïaka kyrteng jong ka file ka pyni ba ka jingpyntreikam jong ka echo command ka long internal sha ka shell. Te la khot ïaka ka internal command.
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|05:56
|Sa kawei pat ka ba kongsan bha kaba ngi donkam ban sngewthuh kadei ïaki jingtei jong ki command.
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|06:01
|Ki Command ki lah ban long shi kyntien lane bun kyntien, bala pynïakhlad da ki jaka thylli ba lieh.
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|06:08
|Haka khep kaba ar, ka kyntien ba nyngkong kadei ka kyrteng ba shisha jong ka command katba kiwei pat ki kyntien kidei ki '''arguments'''.
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|06:16
|Ki Argument ki lah ban dei ki jingjied lane ki expression lane ki kyrteng ka file. 
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|06:20
|Ka command ka lah ban leh bun tylli ki kam katkum ka jingbthah haka jingjied. 
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|06:26
|Barabor la ju wan shwa ha khmat jong ki da uwei lane ar tylli ki sain minus (-), bala khot '''short''' bad '''long option''', hala ka jong hi. 
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|06:35
|Leit sha ka terminal window bad type ïaki command bad peit ïaki jingmih jong ki. 
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|06:40
|Type '''clear''' ban pynkhuid noh ïaka terminal window.
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|06:44
|Nangta type '''ls''' bad ñion Enter.
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|06:49
| type biang '''clear''' bad ñion Enter.
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|06:55
|Type '''ls''' space minus '''a''' (-a) bad ñion Enter.
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|07:04
|Type '''clear''' ban pynkhuid ïaka terminal window.
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|07:11
|Mynta type '''ls''' space minus minus '''all''' bad ñion Enter.
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|07:19
|type biang '''clear''' ban pynkhuid ïaka terminal .
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|07:23
|Mynta type '''ls''' space minus '''d''' (-d) bad ñion Enter.
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|07:32
|Ha kane ka por, ka lah biang ban sngewthuh kumno ka jinglong jong ki command ki kylla bad ka jingpynkylla jong ki jingjied.
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|07:40
|Ha ka Linux ngi don kham bun ki command, 
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|07:45
|iwei pa iwei naki kidon shibun ki jingied ba pher bapher. 
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|07:48
|Lah ruh ban kyllum lang ïaki Command kumba ngin sa ïapeit kham hadien. Te kumno ngin buh katta katta ha khlieh? 
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|07:55
|Hakaba shisha, phim donkam ban buh jing kynmaw. Kane ka long namar jong ka jingïarap ba shikatdei eh kaba lah ban ioh haka Linux.
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|08:01
|Ka '''man''' command ka pynbiang ïaka jingbuh jingthoh ïa baroh ki command kiba don haka system.
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|08:08
|Kumka nuksa, ban tip lehse ïaka, '''ls''' command, kaba phi dei ban leh ka long ban leit sha ka terminal 
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|08:16
|bad type 'man' command bad u 'ls' kum ka '''argument''' kata type: '''man''' space '''ls''' bad ñion Enter.
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|08:30
|ñion '''q''' ban mih noh.
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|08:35
|'''man''' kadei ka manual pager jong ka system. Kawei pa kawei ka argument bala ai sha ka '''man''' ka ju dei ka kyrteng jong ka program, utility lane function.
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|08:43
|Ka manual page ba don jingïadei ba kawei pa kawei na kine ki argument la wad bad la pyni ïaki. 
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|08:49
|Ka section, lada la pynbiang, kan bthah ïaka '''man''' ban wad tang ha kato ka  section jong ka manual.
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|08:55
|Kaba long hi kadei ban wad ha baroh ki section badon, dakaba bud ïaka jingbthah bala ai lypa bad ban pyni tang ïaka page ba nyngkong kaba lashem, wat lada ka page ka don haki section ba pher bapher. 
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|09:07
|Phi lah ban pyndonkam ïaka '''man''' command ban tip shuh shaphang ka command '''man'''. 
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|09:14
|Leit sha u terminal bad type: '''man''' space '''man''' bad ñion Enter.
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|09:23
|ñion '''q''' ban mih noh naka.
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|09:26
|Ka '''man''' command ka don shibun ki jingjied.
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|09:30
|Hangne, to ngan ïathuh ïaki ba kham myntoi tam. Hateng, ngi tip ïa kaei kaba ngi kwah ban leh hynrei ngim tip thik pat ïaka command. Te kaei kaba ngi lah ban leh? 
|-
|09:41
|Ka '''man''' ka pynbiang ïaka jingjied '''-k''' kaba shim ïaka ktien pdeng bad ka pynphai ka list jong ki command bad ki jingthmu ba lyngkot jong ki. 
|-
|09:50
|Kumka nuksa, shna ka directory, ngi lah ban ymtip ïaka command kaba dei,
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|09:56
| te ngi lah ban leit sha ka command prompt bad type '''man''' space minus '''k''' space '''directories''' bad ñion Enter. 
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|10:12
|Mynta ngi lah ban wad na kine ki command ban  peit kaei kaba ngi donkam.
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|10:17
|ïa kajuh lah ban leh dakaba pyndonkam ka command '''apropos.''' 
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|10:21
|Type ha u command prompt: '''apropos''' space '''directories''' bad ñion Enter ban iohi ïaka jingmih.
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|10:36
|Hateng, ngim donkam shibun ki jingbatai bniah. Ngi donkam tang ban tip ka command ka leh aiu. 
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|10:40
|Ha kata ka khep, ngi lah ban pyndonkam ka '''whatis''' command lane  '''man -f'''. Baroh ar ki ai ka jingbatai shilaiñ shaphang ka command. 
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|10:52
|Leit sha ka terminal, type '''clear''' ban pynkhuid ïa ka terminal window.
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|10:58
|Mynta type '''whatis''' space '''ls''' bad ñion Enter. 
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|11:06
|Katto katne ki command ki don shibun ki jingjied. Ngi lah ban ioh ka list jong ki jingjied bapher ba ka command ka don. 
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|11:13
|Nangta ngi pyndonkam ka jingjied '''minus''' help. 
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|11:18
|Leit sha u command prompt bad type: '''ls''' space minus minus '''help''' bad ñion Enter.
|-
|11:29
|Ngan pyniaid shajrong khnang ba phin lah ban iohi ïa baroh ki jingjied kiba ha kane ka '''manual page'''. 
|-
|11:45
|Katto lah biang naka bynta kane ka Linux Spoken tutorial. Ka Spoken Tutorials ka dei shi bynta jong ka Talk to a Teacher project, bala kyrshan daka National Mission on Education through ICT. 
|-
|11:56
|Khambun ka jingtip halor kane, kadon haka link harum.
|-
|12:00
|  ïa kane ka script la pynkylla sha ka Ktien Khasi da I Hezekiah Lyngdoh na Shillong. Khublei shibun.
|}