View source for Arduino/C3/Digital-Logic-Design-with-Arduino/English


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Narration'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 1:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on '''Digital Logic Design with Arduino. '''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to:

* Implement and verify the '''AND, OR '''and''' XOR operations''' in '''assembly'''. 
* Implement and verify simple '''Combinational Logic'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 3:

Pre-requisites
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of:

* '''Electronics '''and
* '''Assembly language'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 4:

System Requirement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using:

* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''operating system version 14.04
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5:

External Devices
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We also require some external devices such as:

* '''Breadboard'''
* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Seven Segment Display'''
* '''220-ohm Resistor'''
* '''Decoder (7447 IC) '''and
* '''Jumper Wires'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image: 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We will use the same circuit setup as we did for the '''decoder''' in the earlier tutorial.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| show the live connection

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the live connection setup. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write an '''assembly program''' to verify the''' logical AND operations'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open text editor
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any '''text editor''' and type the following '''program'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''

.include "/home/spoken/Assembly/m328Pdef.inc"

ldi r16, 0b00111100

out DDRD, r16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''m328Pdef.inc''' file and the source code are available in the code files link of this tutorial.

You can download and use it.

The highlighted code configures '''pins 2, 3, 4''' and '''5 '''of the '''Arduino '''as '''output pins.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| ldi r16, 0b00000001

ldi r17, 0b00000001

and r16,r17

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We are considering only the first '''bit '''of '''r16 '''and '''r17 '''for our '''boolean operations'''. Here, both are '''1'''.

This line performs '''bitwise AND operation '''on the '''bits '''of '''r16 '''and '''r17'''. The result is stored in '''r16.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| ldi r20, 0b00000010
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The rest of the '''program '''takes care of displaying this output. 

The '''LSB''' of '''r16''' has our result. This has to be shifted by two positions to the left.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| rcall loopw

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line of code calls the '''loop '''named '''loopw'''. 

This '''loop''' takes care of shifting the '''LSB''' of '''r16''' twice.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| out PORTD, r16

start:

rjmp start
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The value in '''r16''' is sent to '''PORTD'''. 

This displays either 0 or 1 on the '''Seven segment display.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| loopw: lsl r16

dec r20
brne loopw
ret

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here, contents of '''r16 '''are left shifted once.

Then the value of '''r20''' is decremented by 1.

If the value of '''r20''' is not equal to zero, the '''loop''' is repeated again.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the code
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| I’ll save the code as '''boolean.asm''' in the '''home slash spoken slash Assembly''' folder.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the terminal.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

> cd /home/spoken/Assembly

> avra boolean.asm
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Go to the folder where '''boolean.asm '''file is saved.

Type, '''avra boolean.asm''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the /home/spoken/Assembly folder
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This will assemble the code and create a file '''boolean.hex'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Clear the terminal.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us clear the screen.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next we need to upload the code to the '''Arduino'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''avrdude -p atmega328p -c arduino -b 115200 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w: boolean.hex'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| For this, type

'''avrdude space hyphen p space atmega328p space hyphen c space arduino space hyphen b space 115200 space hyphen capital P space forward slash dev forward slash ttyACM0 space hyphen capital U space flash colon wcolon boolean dot hex'''

and press''' Enter.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that''' '''the digit '''one '''on the '''seven segment display '''is glowing.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 7: 

Assignment 1
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the tutorial and do the below assignment.

Modify the values of''' r16''' and '''r17''' to verify the rest of the '''truth table''' of '''AND'''.

Replace the keyword '''and''' in the program with '''or''' to perform '''logical OR operation'''.

Replace the keyword '''and''' in the program with''' xor''' to perform '''logical XOR operation'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, we will implement and verify few simple '''combinational logics.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the setup 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the live connection setup. It will be the same as the previous setup.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide:

A = W′

B = WX′Z′ + W′X

C = WXY′ + X′Y + W′Y 

D = WXY + W′Z
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We are going to implement these equations in our program and verify their '''truth table'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Truth Table: 

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the''' truth table''' for the equations shown above. 

Here '''W, X, Y '''and '''Z''' are the inputs. 

'''A, B, C''' and '''D''' are the outputs.

Let us consider the first row of the '''truth table'''. Thus, all the inputs will be zeros.

As per the '''truth table, '''we can expect the output as 1.

We will display the output on the '''seven segment display.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us write an '''assembly''' program to implement and verify these equations.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open text editor
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any '''text editor''' and type the following '''program'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| .include "/home/spoken/Assembly/m328Pdef.inc"

ldi r16, 0b00111100

out DDRD, r16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let me explain the '''program'''.

This line configures '''pins 2,3,4''' and '''5''' of the '''Arduino '''as '''output pins'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>;dummy for output</nowiki>

ldi r30, 0b00000000

<nowiki>;W = r0</nowiki>

ldi r17, 0b00000000

mov r0, r17

<nowiki>;X = r1</nowiki>

ldi r18, 0b00000000

mov r1, r18


<nowiki>;Y = r2</nowiki>

ldi r19, 0b00000000

mov r2, r19


<nowiki>;Z = r3</nowiki>

ldi r20, 0b00000000

mov r3, r20

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''r30 '''is a '''dummy variable '''for storing the output.


The values of '''input variables W, X, Y '''and '''Z '''are stored in '''registers r17, r18, r19 '''and '''r20 '''respectively.


The values of '''r17, r18, r19 '''and '''r20 '''are stored in the '''dummy variables r0, r1, r2 '''and '''r3'''.


These values are used to restore the '''original registers '''after performing '''operations. '''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| mov r16, r17

rcall comp

mov r21, r16

mov r4, r21

<nowiki>;W'= r4</nowiki>

mov r16, r18

rcall comp

mov r22, r16

mov r5, r22

<nowiki>;X'= r5</nowiki>

mov r16, r19

rcall comp

mov r23, r16

mov r6, r23

<nowiki>;Y'= r6</nowiki>

mov r16, r20

rcall comp

mov r24, r16

mov r7, r24

<nowiki>;Z'= r7</nowiki>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''comp subroutine '''is used to find the '''complement '''of a '''variable'''. 


The '''complement '''of '''W, X, Y '''and '''Z '''are calculated and stored in '''r21, r22, r23 '''and '''r24 '''respectively. 


The values of '''r21, r22, r23 '''and '''r24 '''are stored in the '''dummy variables r4, r5, r6 '''and '''r7'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| lsl r4

lsl r4

or r30, r4
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Note that '''A '''is nothing but the '''complement '''of '''W'''. 

Now, we have implemented the first equation. 

Next, we perform two left '''shift operations '''and store the value in '''r30'''. 

Thus, the third '''bit '''of the '''r30 '''has the value of '''A'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| rcall reload 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''reload subroutine '''reloads the values '''r0, r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6 '''and '''r7 '''from its copies.

They might have changed during previous '''operations.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>;Logic for B</nowiki>

and r0, r5

and r0, r7

and r4, r1

or r0, r4

lsl r0

lsl r0

lsl r0


or r30, r0
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''logic''' for '''B''' is implemented and the result is stored in '''r0'''. 


The value in '''r0''' is left shifted thrice and stored in '''r30'''. 


Now, the fourth '''bit''' of '''r30''' holds the result of '''B'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| rcall reload

<nowiki>;Logic for C</nowiki>

and r0,r1

and r0,r6

and r5,r2

and r4,r2

or r0,r5

or r0,r4

lsl r0

lsl r0

lsl r0

lsl r0

or r30, r0
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''logic''' for '''C''' is implemented and the result is stored in '''r0'''. 


The value in '''r0''' is left shifted four times and stored in '''r30'''. 


Now, the fifth '''bit''' of '''r30''' holds the result of '''C'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| rcall reload

<nowiki>;Logic for D</nowiki>

and r0,r1

and r0,r2

<nowiki>;</nowiki>

and r4,r3

<nowiki>;</nowiki>

or r0,r4

lsl r0

lsl r0

lsl r0

lsl r0

lsl r0


or r30,r0
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''logic''' for '''D''' is implemented and the result is stored in '''r0'''. 


The value in '''r0''' is left shifted five times and stored in '''r30'''.


Now, the sixth '''bit''' of '''r30''' holds the result of '''D'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| out PORTD, r30


start:

rjmp start

comp:

mov r31, r16

ldi r16, 0b00000001

eor r16, r31

ret

reload: 

mov r0,r17

mov r1,r18

mov r2, r19

mov r3,r20

mov r4, r21

mov r5, r22

mov r6, r23

mov r7, r24

ret
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Finally, the value stored in '''r30''' is sent to '''PORTD''' to be displayed.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the code as '''combination.asm''' in the '''home slash spoken slash Assembly''' folder.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

> cd /home/spoken/Assembly

> avra combination.asm
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''avra combination.asm''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the /home/spoken/Assembly folder
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This will assemble the code and create a file '''combination.hex'''.

Let us clear the terminal

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''avrdude -p atmega328p -c arduino -b 115200 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w: combination.hex'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
* To upload, press the up arrow to get the previous command. 

* Now change the filename as shown and press Enter.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can verify the '''truth table''' with the output shown on the seven-segment display.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Assignment:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the tutorial and do the below assignment.

Change the values of '''W, X, Y '''and''' Z''' and verify different rows of the''' truth table'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 11:

Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to:

* Implement and verify the '''AND, OR '''and''' XOR''' operations in '''assembly'''. 
* Implement and verify simple '''Combinational Logic'''.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 12:

About Spoken Tutorial project

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 13:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 14:

Forum for specific questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 15:

Acknowledgement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, '''IIT Bombay'''. &nbsp;

This is Priya from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}