View source for Advanced-C++/C2/Polymorphism/English

'''Title of script''': polymorphism in C++

'''Author: '''Ashwini Patil

'''Keywords: polymorphism, virtual members, Video tutorial.'''



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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

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'''Polymorphism.'''

'''Virtual members.'''

We will do this through an example.

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'''Ubuntu OS '''version 11.10

'''gcc '''and '''g++ compiler '''v. 4.6.1

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'''Polymorphism '''is the ability to take different forms.

It is the mechanism to use a '''function with same name''' in different ways.

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'''Virtual''' function is the member function of a class. 

It can be overriden in its '''derived class.'''

It is declared with '''virtual keyword'''. 

'''Virtual function''' call is resolved at '''run-time.'''

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Point the cursor to the file name
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I have already written the code.

Let us go through it.

Note that our filename is '''virtual.cpp'''

In this program:

We will calculate the area of a rectangle, parallelogram and traingle.

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'''<nowiki>#include <iostream> </nowiki>'''

'''using namespace std; '''
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Here we are using''' std namespace.'''

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'''class Parallelogram'''

'''protected: '''

'''int width, height, ar;'''



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This is the '''base class.'''

'''In this '''we have declared''' integer variables as width, height '''and''' ar.'''

These are declared protected.

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'''public: '''

'''void set_values (int a, int b)'''



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Here we have passed two '''arguments '''as''' a '''and''' b.'''

Then we access the protected members using the public members.

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'''virtual int area () '''

'''{ '''

'''ar=width*height; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Area of parallelogram is "<< ar<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''



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Here we calculate the area of parallelogram.

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'''class Rectangle: public Parallelogram '''



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It inherits the properties of base class parallelogram.

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'''int area () '''

'''{ '''

'''ar=width * height; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Area of rectangle is "<<ar <<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''



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Then we calculate the area of the rectangle.

And print the value.

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'''class Triangle: public Parallelogram'''



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This also inherits properties of the base class parallelogram.

Here again we override the function area.




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'''int area () '''

'''{ '''

'''ar=width * height / 2; '''

'''<nowiki>cout<< "Area of triangle is "<< ar<<"\n"; </nowiki>'''

'''}'''



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And print the value.

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'''int main() '''
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'''Parallelogram *parallel, p; '''



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'''We can see here pointer parallel.'''

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'''<nowiki>*parallel, p;</nowiki>'''
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This is called as''' Base pointer.'''

'''Pointer of base class can point to the object of the derived class.'''

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'''Rectangle rect;'''

'''Triangle trgl;'''



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'''parallel=&p;'''

'''parallel->set_values(3,2); '''



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Then we pass''' arguments '''as''' 3 '''and''' 2.'''

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'''parallel->area();'''



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'''parallel=&rect; '''

'''parallel->set_values(4,5); '''

'''parallel->area(); '''



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'''rect is the object of class Rectangle.'''

Again we pass '''arguments '''as''' 4 '''and''' 5.'''

And we call the''' function area.'''

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'''parallel=&trgl; '''

'''parallel->set_values(6,5); '''

'''parallel->area(); '''



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'''trgl.'''

'''This is the object of class Triangle.'''

Here we pass '''arguments '''as''' 6 '''and''' 5.'''

And call''' function area.'''

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'''return 0;'''
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'''Ctrl, Alt and T '''keys simultaneously
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'''g++ virtual.cpp -o vir'''

To execute

Type

'''./vir'''
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'''g++ virtual.cpp -o vir'''

'''Press Enter'''

Type:

'''./vir '''

'''Press Enter'''

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'''Output'''
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'''Area of parallelogram is 6 '''

'''Area of rectangle is 20 '''

'''Area of triangle is 15'''

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Let us summarize.

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Summary
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Polymorphism.

Virtual function.

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Assignment
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Calculate the perimeter of rectangle, square and triangle.

Create perimeter as a virtual function.

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About the Spoken Tutorial Project
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It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project 

If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it

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Spoken Tutorial Workshops
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Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials 

Gives certificates to those who pass an online test 

For more details, please write to,

contact@spoken-tutorial.org

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Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project

It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of Indiaabout:startpage

More information on this Mission is available at: [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org\NMEICT-Intro]

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-bottom:0.25pt solid #c0c0c0;border-left:1pt solid #000000;border-right:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.018cm;padding-right:0.018cm;"| This is Ashwini Patil from IIT Bombay signing off

Thank You for joining. 

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