View source for Linux-Ubuntu/C2/General-Purpose-Utilities/English

'''Title of the Script: General Purpose Utilities'''

'''Author: EduPyramids Team'''

'''Keywords: '''echo, uname, who, passwd, root, Linux utilities, video tutorial.

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|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
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|| '''Slide 1'''

'''Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this''' Spoken tutorial '''on''' General Purpose Utilities '''in''' Linux.'''
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|| '''Slide 2 '''

'''Learning Objective'''
|| In this tutorial we will learn to;
* Use the echo command with escape sequences
* Check the Linux kernel version in the system
* View current and logged-in users and
* Change the login password.
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|| '''Slide 3'''

'''System Requirements'''
|| To record this tutorial, I am using,

Ubuntu OS version 24 point zero 4
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|| '''Slide 4'''

'''Pre-requisites'''

[https://edupyramids.org/ https://EduPyramids.org]
|| To follow this tutorial, 
* Learners should be familiar with the basic Linux terminal commands.

For the prerequisite Linux tutorials please visit this website.
|-
|| '''Slide 5'''

'''Code files'''

The following code file is required to practice this tutorial

1. gpu-commands.txt

This file is provided in the Code Files link of this tutorial page
|| The following code file is required to practice this tutorial.

This file is provided in the Code Files link of this tutorial page.
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|| Screencast:

Press''' Ctrl, Alt '''and''' T keys '''on your''' keyboard'''
|| Press''' Ctrl''', '''Alt '''and''' T keys '''on your''' keyboard''' to open the''' terminal'''.
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|| Type: '''echo Hello from EduPyramids'''
|| Let us begin with the echo command.

Type '''echo space Hello space from space EduPyramids''' and press Enter.echo '''command''' in Linux is used to '''display text or output to the terminal'''.

The message '''Hello from EduPyramids '''is displayed as output.
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|| Type: '''echo -e 'Enter a command\c''''and press Enter.

Type '''clear''' and press '''Enter'''.
|| Type echo hyphen e space 'Enter a command backslash c' and press Enter. 

The -e option allows echo to interpret escape sequences Here, \c prevents the cursor from moving to a new line.

As a result, the prompt '''Enter a command''' is displayed, and the cursor remains on the same line.

This is useful when we want the user to enter input on the same line.

Let’s clear the screen.
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|| Type: '''echo -e 'Hello World\n'''' press Enter.
|| Now lets try the backslash''' t''' and backslash '''n '''using Hello world as an example.

Type: '''echo hyphen e 'Hello World backslash n'''' and press Enter. 

The backslash''' n''' moves the cursor to a new line. As a result, the prompt appears on the next line after the output.
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|| type: '''echo -e 'Hello\nWorld'''' press Enter 
|| Now type: '''echo hyphen e 'Hello backslash n World'''' and press Enter This command prints Hello and World on two separate lines, one below the other.
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|| Type: '''echo -e 'Hello\tWorld' '''press Enter.
|| Type: '''echo hyphen e 'Hello backslash t World' '''press Enter.This command prints Hello and World with a tab space between them.
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|| Type at the prompt

'''uname -r'''

Type: clear and press Enter
|| To check the Linux kernel version, type '''uname''' '''space''' '''hyphen r '''and press Enter.

The output shows the kernel release version currently running on the system.Clear the screen.
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|| Type at the prompt

'''whoami'''
|| To know what your username is, without spaces, type''' whoami '''and '''Press Enter.'''
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|| Type: '''who''' and Press Enter.
|| To see the list of users currently logged into the system, type '''who''' and press Enter.

The output shows all users who are currently logged in

It displays information such as the username, terminal (seat), display, and login time for each session.
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|| Type at the prompt

'''passwd''' and press Enter.

Point to the output.
|| To change our login password when needed.Type: '''passwd''' and press '''Enter'''”
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|| Changing password for username

Current password.

Type the current password

type the new password

Retype the new password to confirm.
|| Type your current system password when prompted.

Next, type the new password and then retype it to confirm.

If the current password is forgotten, it can still be changed.

The root user, who has administrative privileges, can perform this action.

We will learn about root privileges in the upcoming tutorials.
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|| '''Slide 6'''

'''Summary'''

In this tutorial we have learnt to
* Use the echo command with escape sequences
* Check the Linux kernel version in the system
* View current and logged-in users
* Change the login password
|| With this we come to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarise.
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|| '''Slide 7'''

'''Assignment'''

As an assignment, please do the following.
* Display “Welcome to Linux” using '''\c, \t, '''and''' \n '''commands.
* Restart the system and note login details using '''who '''command
|| As an assignment, please do the following.
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|| '''Slide 8'''

'''Thank you'''
|| This Spoken Tutorial is brought to you by EduPyramids Educational Services Private Limited SINE IIT Bombay.Thank you.
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