View source for CircuitJS/C3/Built-in-circuits-in-CircuitJS/English

{| border="1"
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| Slide:1
|| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Built-in circuits in CircuitJS '''
|- 
|| Slide 2:

Learning Objectives
|| In this tutorial we will explore about
* Built-in circuits available in '''CircuitJS'''

|- 
|| Slide 4:

System Requirements
|| To record this tutorial, I am using:
* Ubuntu Linux 20.04 OS
* '''CircuitJS''' Application

|- 
|| Slide 3:

Prerequisites
|| To follow this tutorial, you should have a basic knowledge of,* Electrical circuits

|- 
|| 
|| Let us open the '''CircuitJS '''interface.
|- 
|| Cursor on the CircuitJS interface.
|| We will explore a few of the ready to use electronic circuits on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.
|- 
|| Click on the '''Circuits '''menu'''.

Point to the electronic circuits.
|| In the menu bar, click on the '''Circuits '''menu'''.'''

You can see a list of ready to use electronic circuits.

Basic circuits such as '''Diodes, OP-AMPs, 555 Timer Chip''' and many other circuits are available.
|- 
|| Basic Circuits - Potentiometer
|| Let us see the working of a few circuits available here.

Go to the '''Basics''' in the list and select the '''Potentiometer''' circuit.

This circuit is built using a 1 Kilo Ohm potentiometer and two 5-volt power supplies.

On the right side of your screen, you will see a slider named '''Resistance'''.

This resistance slider is used to change the potentiometer value.
|- 
|| Point to the flow of electrons.
|| Notice the flow of electrons on both sides of the circuit.

The resistance value is 500 Ohms on each side of the circuit.
|-
||Drag the slider.
||Use the slider to lower the potentiometer value.

Notice the flow of electrons in the left side of the circuit.

Electrons in the left side move much faster than the electrons in the right side of the circuit.

This is because the resistance for the left side of the circuit is less than that of the right side.
|-
|| Drag the slider to right.
||Now, change the potentiometer value by increasing the resistance slider.

For this condition, the electrons on the right side of the circuit are moving faster.

This is because the resistance for the right side of the circuit is less than that of the left side.

The flow of current in the circuit depends on the resistance of the circuit.
|- 
|| Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Diodes''' >> select the '''Half wave rectifier '''from the list.
|| Now, let us open another circuit and explore it.

Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Diodes''' and select the '''Half wave rectifier '''from the list.
|- 
|| Point to Half Wave Rectifier
|| This circuit is built using a diode, an AC power supply and a resistor.

The half wave rectifier converts only one cycle of an AC supply into a pulsating DC output.

At the bottom of your screen, two graphs are displayed.
|-
|| Point to the graphs 

||Input voltage is shown on the left graph and output voltage is shown on the right graph.

The diode allows either the positive or negative cycle of the input signal to pass through.

In this circuit, the diode is connected in forward bias.

It allows only the positive half cycle of the input signal to pass through.

|- 
|| Right click on the diode and select '''Swap terminals '''option'''.
|| Change the orientation of the diode for the reverse bias mode and notice the changes.

For this right click on the diode and select '''Swap terminals '''option'''.'''

Note the graph.

We can see the diode is passing the negative half cycle of the AC signal to pass through.

|- 
|| '''Half Wave Rectifier with capacitor'''

Use the '''swap terminals''' option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.

|| We will now add a capacitor to the circuit and attempt to get a pure DC output.

First, use the '''swap terminals''' option to change the orientation of the diode to forward bias.
|-
||Click on '''Draw''' menu, go to '''Passive components''' and select '''Add Capacitor (Polarized)'''.

Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.
||Now, click on '''Draw''' menu, go to '''Passive components''' and select '''Add Capacitor (Polarized)'''

Drag and draw the capacitor in the working area.

Make the changes in the circuit to connect the capacitor parallel to the resistor as shown.

|- 
|| Use '''edit''' option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads
|| Use the '''edit''' option to change the capacitor value to 1000 microfarads

Notice the changes in the output graph.

Changing the capacitor value can result in a pure DC output.

The half-wave rectifier converts AC to pulsating DC by permitting current flow in one direction.

|- 
|| Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Transistors''' >> select '''Multivibrators.'''

Choose the '''Astable Multivibrator '''circuit.
|| Let us study another circuit available on the '''CircuitJS''' platform.

Click on the '''Circuits''' menu, go to '''Transistors''' and select '''Multivibrators.'''

Then choose the '''Astable Multivibrator '''circuit.

An astable multivibrator circuit will be shown on your screen.
|- 
|| '''Astable Multivibrator'''

Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Outputs'''   >>  '''Labels''', and select '''Add LED '''option'''.'''
|| To understand how an astable multivibrator works, we will add two LEDs to the circuit.

Click on '''Draw''', go to '''Outputs''' '''and''' '''Labels''', and select '''Add LED '''option'''.'''
|-
||Drag and draw the LED in the working area.
||Drag and draw the LED in the working area.

Now, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q1 transistor.

Replace the wire with the LED.

Similarly, remove the wire connected to the collector terminal of the Q2 transistor. 
|-
||Right click on the LED component >> click on the '''Duplicate''' option.
||Now, right click on the LED component and click on the '''Duplicate''' option.

A new LED will be generated in the working area.

Connect this LED in the circuit as shown.
|- 
|| '''Astable Multivibrator'''.

Point to C1 connected to Q1.

Point to C2 Connected to Q2.
|| Capacitor C1 controls the LED connected to the Q1 transistor.

Capacitor C2 controls the LED connected to the Q2 transistor.
|-
|| Point to the LEDs.

Point to the values of the capacitors.
|| Notice the LEDs are turning ON and OFF at alternate times.

The LED is turned OFF when the capacitor is charging.

And the LED is turned ON when the capacitor is discharging.

The value of both the capacitors C1 and C2 is 18 microfarads.
|- 
|| Use the '''edit''' option for both the capacitors >> change their values to 100 microfarads.
|| Let us increase the capacitor value to see the changes in the circuit.

Use the '''edit''' option for both the capacitors and change their values to 100 microfarads.

Notice the turn ON and turn OFF timing of both the LEDs have increased.

This is because of the change in values of the capacitors.

Higher value capacitor takes more time to charge and discharge.

Thus, while the capacitor is charging, the LED is turned OFF.

And when the capacitor is discharging, the LED is turned ON.

The astable multivibrator is used for signal generation and timing applications.

It offers continuous oscillation without external triggering.
|- 
|| Cursor on the CircuitJS interface.
|| This way, you can perform multiple experiments using the '''CircuitJS''' platform.

Explore the other built in circuits available in circuitJS.
|- 
|| 
|| This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.
|- 
|| Slide:

Summary 
|| In this tutorial, we explored the

* Built-in circuits available in '''CircuitJS'''

|- 
|| Slide :

About Spoken Tutorial project
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
|- 
|| Slide&nbsp;:Spoken Tutorial workshops
|| The&nbsp;Spoken Tutorial Project&nbsp;Team conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.
|- 
|| Slide : Forum for specific questions
|| Please post your timed queries in this forum.
|- 
|| Acknowledgement
|| Spoken Tutorial project was established by the Ministry of Education(MoE), Govt of India
|- 
|| Thank you
|| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

Thank you for joining.
|-
|}