View source for Ns-3-Network-Simulator/C2/Connecting-multiple-networks-with-routers/English




{| border="1"
|-
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|-
|| '''Slide:1'''

<div style="color:#000000;">'''Welcome'''</div>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Welcome to the spoken tutorial on </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''connecting multiple networks with </span>router'''.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show s<span style="color:#000000;">lide:</span>

<div style="color:#000000;">'''Learning Outcomes'''</div>
|| In this tutorial, we will learn to
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''star''' topology with 4 nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''CSMA''' bus topology with 4 nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Configure client and server applications on the nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Connect two networks </div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Route packets from one network to the other</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Visualize the network using '''NetAnim'''</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide:

'''System Requirements'''
|| To record this tutorial, I am using:
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Ubuntu Linux 22.04 OS'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''ns-3.38'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''NetAnim '''visualizer tool</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide: 

'''Prerequisite'''

<div style="color:#000000;">[https://www.spoken-tutorial.org/ https://www.spoken-tutorial.org]</div>
|| To follow this tutorial:
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">You must have basic knowledge of using Linux terminal</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">You must know how to create a '''point-to-point''' and '''CSMA''' network in '''ns-3'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">For pre-requisite Linux and '''ns-3 '''tutorials, please visit this website</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide:

'''Code files'''
|| 
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">The files used in this tutorial are provided in the '''Code files''' link.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Please download and extract the files.</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Make a copy and then use them while practicing.</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show diagram: Network topology with a '''star '''and a '''CSMA '''network
|| For this tutorial, we would be creating the following topology:
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">A '''star''' network topology with 4 nodes and network address 10.1.1.0</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">A '''CSMA''' '''bus''' network topology with 4 nodes and 10.2.0.0 address</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">A '''point-to-point''' network between the two networks, with address 10.3.0.0</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Open the file '''router.cc '''in the text editor.
|| I have already created the source file '''router.cc''' for this program.

Now we will go through the source code in the text editor.

It contains the required functions to implement routing.

The source code creates a star, and a CSMA network.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| H<span style="color:#000000;">ighlight </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''uint32_t nCsma = 3'''</span>
|| First, w<span style="color:#000000;">e set the number of nodes in the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''CSMA'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network to 3.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| H<span style="color:#000000;">ighlight </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''uint32_t nSpokes = 4'''</span>
|| Then we set <span style="color:#000000;">the number of nodes in the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''star'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network to 4.</span>

These variables can be named as per your program.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute("DataRate", StringValue("5Mbps"));'''

|| We will set the following parameters for the star network.

The '''data rate '''for the point-to-point connections is set to 5 mbps.

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", StringValue("2ms"));'''

'''uint16_t port = 50000;'''
|| The channel '''delay''' is set to 2 milliseconds.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''uint16_t port = 50000;'''

|| The hub’s '''port''' is set to 50000.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| H<span style="color:#000000;">ighlight </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''PointToPointStarHelper star(nSpokes, pointToPoint)'''</span>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Then we create a </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''PointToPointStarHelper'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> object to create a star network.</span>

The '''PointToPointStarHelper '''class is a helper class for initializing star networks.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''star.InstallStack'''
|| The '''InstallStack '''method installs an internet stack on the nodes.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''star.AssignIpv4Addresses'''
|| The '''AssignIpv4Addresses '''method assigns IP addresses to the nodes.

Here <span style="color:#000000;">we assign IP address 10.1.1.0 to the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''star'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''packetSinkHelper.Install'''
|| '''PacketSinkHelper '''class is used to install a packet sink on the hub.

A '''packet sink '''enables the hub to receive packets from other nodes.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''hubApp.Start '''and '''hubApp.Stop'''
|| Here we s<span style="color:#000000;">et the start and stop times for the hub.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''NodeContainer p2pNodes'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Then we create a node container for the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''point-to-point'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> </span>network.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''p2pNodes.Add(star.GetSpokeNode(3))'''
|| Add the 4<sup>th</sup> node with index 3 to the node container.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''p2pNodes.Create(1)'''
|| Create one node using the '''Create '''method.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''NodeContainer csmaNodes'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Similarly create a node container for the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''CSMA'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''csmaNodes.Add(p2pNodes.Get(1))'''
|| Add the previously created node in the '''point-to-point''' network to the container.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''csmaNodes.Create(nCsma)'''
|| Then create additional nodes using the '''Create '''method.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''pointToPoint.Install(p2pNodes)'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Next, install net devices on the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''point-to-point'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network nodes.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''csma.SetChannelAttribute'''
|| Set the '''DataRate '''and '''Delay '''attributes for the channel.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''csma.Install(csmaNodes)'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Similarly install net devices on the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''CSMA'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network nodes.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''stack.Install(csmaNodes)'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Then </span>install an internet<span style="color:#000000;"> stack on the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''CSMA'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network nodes.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''address.Assign(p2pDevices)'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Now we assign the address 10.3.0.0 to the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''Point-to-Point'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network. </span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''address.Assign(csmaDevices)'''
|| And assign the address 10.2.0.0 to the '''CSMA''' network.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''echoServer.Install(csmaNodes.Get(2))'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Next we install an echo server application on the third node of the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''CSMA'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network</span>.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Only narration
|| By zero indexing, its index is 2.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0))'''
|| Now s<span style="color:#000000;">et the start of the server application to 1 second</span>. 
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0))'''
|| Next, set the stop time to 10 seconds after the start of the simulation.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''echoClient(csmaInterfaces.GetAddress(2), 9);'''
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Similarly, </span>we <span style="color:#000000;">install an echo client application.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Only narration
|| The target server is node 3 of the '''CSMA''' network. 
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Only narration
|| The port is set to 9.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight '''echoClient.Install(star.GetSpokeNode(1))'''
|| Then we <span style="color:#000000;">Install the client application on node 2 of the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''star'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> network.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight <span style="color:#000000;">'''PopulateRoutingTables()'''</span>
|| The '''PopulateRoutingTables '''method of the '''Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper '''class enables routing. 

It builds a routing database and initializes the routing tables.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| H<span style="color:#000000;">ighlight </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''BoundingBox'''</span>
|| The '''BoundingBox''' method sets the positions for the nodes of the star network.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| H<span style="color:#000000;">ighlight </span>'''AnimationInterface anim ("router.xml")'''
|| Next we specify the name for the '''XML''' output file.

Here the name of the file is '''router.xml.'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight the lines:

anim.SetConstantPosition(p2pNodes.Get(1),400,200);

anim.SetConstantPosition(csmaNodes.Get(1),600,150);

anim.SetConstantPosition(csmaNodes.Get(2),700,150);

anim.SetConstantPosition(csmaNodes.Get(3),700,150);

|| Then we set the position of the nodes using the '''SetConstantPosition '''method.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Highlight <span style="color:#000000;">'''Simulator::Run()'''</span>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">The </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''Run'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> function is used to run the simulation.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| H<span style="color:#000000;">ighlight </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''Simulator::Destroy()'''</span>
|| The '''Destroy<span style="color:#000000;"> '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">function ends the simulation.</span>

Now close the text editor.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| 

Press Ctrl,Alt and T keys

Type '''cd ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''to navigate to the ns3 installation directory

Type '''mv ~/Downloads/router.cc scratch/router.cc '''to move the source file to '''scratch '''directory.

|| <div style="color:#000000;">Now we will observe the simulation.</div>

Open the terminal by pressing Ctrl,Alt and T keys simultaneously.

Using the '''cd '''command, navigate to the installation directory of '''ns-3'''.

Go to the '''ns-3.38''' directory.

Move your source file to the '''scratch '''directory.

The '''ns3 '''batch file is configured to run files from the '''scratch '''directory.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Type ./</span><span style="color:#000000;">'''ns3 run scratch/router.cc'''</span>
|| R<span style="color:#000000;">un the command </span>'''dot forward slash <span style="color:#000000;">ns3 run scratch</span> forward slash <span style="color:#000000;">router'''</span>.

'''router dot cc''' is the name of the source file. 
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
| style="color:#000000;" | Keep the terminal open and show the output of the command 
|| <span style="color:#000000;">After compilation, we get the details of each packet transfer</span>.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Navigate to </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''netanim-3.10</span>9<span style="color:#000000;"> '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">directory under </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''ns-allinone-3.38'''</span>

|| <span style="color:#000000;">Now, to visualize the network, we will use </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''NetAnim'''</span><span style="color:#000000;">.</span>

Navigate to the '''netanim-3.109 '''directory under '''ns-allinone-3.38'''
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Type ./</span><span style="color:#000000;">'''NetAnim'''</span>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Now type </span>'''dot slash <span style="color:#000000;">NetAnim. '''</span>

<span style="color:#000000;">The </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''NetAnim'''</span><span style="color:#000000;"> window </span>will <span style="color:#000000;">open.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Click </span>on the Open<span style="color:#000000;">''' XML trace file '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">icon </span>on the top<span style="color:#000000;"> left corner of the window.</span>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">Click </span>on the Open<span style="color:#000000;">''' XML trace file '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">icon </span>on the top<span style="color:#000000;"> left corner of the window.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <span style="color:#000000;">In the file picker, navigate to the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">directory and select the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''router.xml '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">file.</span>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">In the file picker, navigate to the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''ns-allinone-3.38/ns-3.38 '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">directory</span>.

Select the '''router dot xml '''file.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <span style="color:#000000;">On the toolbar, click on the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''Node Size '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">drop down button, and select size 10.</span>
|| <span style="color:#000000;">On the toolbar, click on the </span><span style="color:#000000;">'''Node Size '''</span><span style="color:#000000;">drop down button</span>.

Select size 10.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
| style="color:#000000;" | On the toolbar, click on the play button
|| <div style="color:#000000;">On the toolbar, click on the play animation button to view the simulation.</div>

We see here that the circles represent the nodes. 

The lines represent the connection between the nodes.

We see that the hub is connected to all the nodes of the star network. 

The directed lines show the packet transfers between the networks.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide:<span style="color:#000000;"> </span>

'''S<span style="color:#000000;">ummary'''</span>
|| This brings us to the end of the tutorial. Let us summarize.

In this tutorial, we have learnt to
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''star''' topology with 4 nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''CSMA''' bus topology with 4 nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Configure client and server applications on the nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Connect two networks </div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Route packets from one network to the other</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Visualize the network using '''NetAnim'''</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show s<span style="color:#000000;">lide: </span>

<div style="color:#000000;">'''Assignment'''</div>
|| As an assignment, please do the following:* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Write an '''ns-3 '''program with two '''CSMA '''networks</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Both networks should have 4 nodes</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Assign '''IP address '''10.1.0.0 to first network</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Assign '''IP address '''10.2.0.0 to second network</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.27cm;margin-right:0cm;">Route packets from node 2 of the first network to node 3 of the second network</div>

|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide:

Assignment - Observation
|| In the terminal, you will get this output.

Observe the transfer of packets between the networks.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide:

Assignment - Observation
|| In the window, you can observe two CSMA networks.

On playing the animation, the arrows will show the direction of packet transfer.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide: 

'''About the Spoken Tutorial Project'''
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The video at the following link summarizes the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Spoken Tutorial project'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>

Please download and watch it.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show Slide:

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial Workshops'''</span> 
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For more details, please write to us.
|- style="border:0.75pt solid #808080;padding:0.176cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''</div>
| style="color:#252525;" | Please post your timed queries in this forum.
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| <div style="color:#252525;">Show Slide:</div>

<div style="color:#252525;">'''FOSSEE Forum'''</div>

|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">For any general or technical questions on </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">'''ns-3'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">, visit the</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">''' FOSSEE forum'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;"> and post your question.</span>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| <span style="color:#252525;">'''Spoken Tutorial'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> Project was established by the </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Ministry of Education, Government of India'''</span><span style="color:#252525;">.</span>

<div style="color:#252525;"></div>
|- style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.206cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"
|| Show slide

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| <span style="color:#252525;">We thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr.Moyukh Laha'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> from </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''IIT Kharagpur'''</span><span style="color:#252525;"> for his domain support.</span>

<span style="color:#252525;">We would also like to thank </span><span style="color:#252525;">'''Dr. R. Radha, Dr. X. Anita, and Dr. T. Subbulakshmi '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">from</span><span style="color:#252525;">''' VIT, Chennai '''</span><span style="color:#252525;">for their </span><span style="color:#252525;">support</span>
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'''Thank You'''
|| <span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">This is </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">'''Josiga, '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#252525;">a FOSSEE summer fellow 2023, IIT Bombay signing off.</span>


<div style="color:#252525;">Thanks for joining.</div>
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