View source for LibreOffice-Suite-Math-6.3/C2/Markup-language-and-Formula-formatting/English

Title: Markup Language and Formula Formatting

Keywords: LibreOffice Math, markup language,  Save file,  brackets, font style, font size, alignment, spacing, color command, spoken tutorial, video tutorial.


{| border=1
|| '''Visual Cue'''
|| '''Narration'''
|- 
|| '''Slide: Title Slide'''
|| Welcome to this '''Spoken Tutorial''' on '''Markup Language''' and '''Formula Formatting'''.
|-
|| '''Slide: Learning Objectives '''
|| In this tutorial, we will learn:
* '''Markup language''' for writing the formulae.
* How to use ''' brackets''' to state the order of the operation.
* How to format the formulae

|-
|| '''Slide: System Requirements'''

|| This tutorial is recorded using: 
* '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 18.04 and 
* '''LibreOffice Suite''' version 6.3.5

|-
|| '''Slide: Prerequisites '''

'''https://spoken-tutorial.org'''
|| To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with ''' Math ''' interface.

If not please access the relevant tutorials on this website.

|-
|| Click on Show Applications >> Type writer in the search bar that appears.

>> click on the Writer icon. 
|| I have opened the '''Writer ''' document.
|-
|| '''Insert ''' menu >> select the '''Object'''.

From the submenu >> select the '''Formula''' option.
|| Now let’s call the '''Math''' application inside '''Writer'''.


Click on the '''Insert''' menu and select the '''Object'''.

From the submenu, select the '''Formula''' option.


'''Math''' application opens up.
|-
|| Point to the '''Elements''' window 

Point to the '''Formula editor''' window.


|| We can easily write a formula using the '''Elements ''' window.


Let’s write a formula using '''Markup language''' in the '''Formula editor'''.


This is a much faster way of writing a formula.


'''Markup language''' for a formula resembles the way we read the formula in English.
|-
|| Type '''4+3=7'''


Go to the '''Writer''' gray box >> 

Point to''' 4+3=7''' and '''4-3=1'''.
|| Let us learn this by writing a few examples. 


Type '''4 plus 3 equal to 7''' in the ''' Formula editor'''.
|-
|| Type '''4-3=1'''.
||Similarly, type '''4 minus 3 equal to 1'''.
|-
||In the '''Writer''' gray box. 
||Notice the display in the '''Writer''' gray box. 

The two formulae are shown on the same line.
|-
|| Cursor on the interface.
|| Let us learn to insert formulae in new lines.
|-
|| Go to the '''Formula Editor ''' window >> 

type '''newline'''.

Go to the '''Writer''' gray box >> Point to the new line.
|| The '''markup''' to insert a new line is ''' newline'''.
|-
|| Go to the '''Formula editor ''' window >> 

type: '''Some more example formulae: newline'''.


Press ''' Enter key'''.
|| In the '''Formula editor ''' window, type '''Some More Example Formulae newline'''.

For better readability, we will press the '''Enter''' key.
|-
|| Cursor on the interface.


Type: '''1. x >= y newline''' >> Press '''Enter.'''


Go to the '''Writer''' gray box  >> Point to the last formula.
|| Now let’s write '''x greater than equal to  y''' and also number the formulae.


Type '''1. x >= y newline''' and Press '''Enter'''


Notice that the ''' Writer''' gray box has refreshed and the contents are numbered.
|-
|| Go to the''' Formula Editor''' window >> 

type: '''2. a ^ 2 newline''' >> press '''Enter.'''

|| Next, let’s write the markup for '''a squared'''.


Type '''2. a caret 2 newline''' and press '''Enter.'''
|-
||Type ''' 3.a caret 10.'''

Go to the '''Writer gray box''' >> 

Point to the last''' formula'''.
||To write the markup for '''a to the power of 10 '''type '''3. a caret 10 newline'''.


Notice the mathematical symbols in the '''Writer''' gray box.
|-
|| Go to the''' Formula editor''' window >> 

type '''4. sqrt {16}= 4''' '''newline '''>> press '''Enter.'''


Go to the '''Writer''' gray box >> Point to the last '''formula'''.
|| Let us write the '''markup''' for '''square root of 16 = 4.'''


Type''' 4. sqrt''' within ''' curly brackets''' 16 equal to 4 '''newline'''. 


Notice the formula in the '''Writer''' gray box.
|-
|| '''Σ a suffix n, a1 + a2 + a3 + -----+ an.'''


Go to the''' Formula editor''' window >> 

type: '''5. sum a_n newline '''>> press '''Enter.'''


Go to the '''Writer''' gray box >> 

Point to the last '''formula'''.
|| Let us write a summation symbol for '''a suffix n, '''to denote '''a1 + a2 + a3 '''+ -----+ so on upto '''an'''.


The markup is '''5. sum a underscore n newline'''.


Notice the summation symbol in the '''Writer''' gray box.
|-
|| Go to the''' Formula editor''' window >> 

type:''' 6. int f(x) dx newline ''' >> press '''Enter'''.


Go to the '''Writer''' gray box  >> 

Point to the last '''formula'''.


Type '''newline'''
|| Let us now write the markup for an '''integral''' with a '''function'''. 

Type '''6. int f(x) dx newline''' and press '''Enter'''.


Notice the '''integral symbol''' in the ''' Writer''' gray box.

Here I will include one more newline.
|- 
|| Cursor on the interface.
|| Let us learn to use ''' brackets''' to state the order of the ''' operation''' in the formula.

|- 
|| In FEW, press Enter, type '''5 over x + y'''
|| For example, how do we write add '''x''' and '''y''', then divide the result by 5 ?


Type '''5 over x + y newline '''.
|- 
|| In FEW, add '''{ '''character before x and '''} '''character after y.


Point mouse on the last formula.


Markup:

'''5 over {x+y}'''


Point to the curly braces.
|| Is this really what we wanted to write?


No, we want to add ''' x '''and '''y ''' first. 


We can do this, by introducing '''curly ''' brackets around '''x ''' and '''y'''.


The mark up is: '''‘5 over x+y ''' in '''curly ''' brackets.

|-
|| Cursor on the interface.
|| Let us save the file now.
|-
|| Click on the '''File menu >> Save'''
|| Click on the '''File''' menu and select the '''Save''' option.
|-
|| Point to the dialog box. 

Point to '''Name''' field.


Type '''MathExample1''' in the '''Name''' field.
|| A '''dialog box''', that prompts us to enter the name of the file appears.


I will type the file name file as ''' MathExample1'''.

|-
|| Select '''Desktop''' location to save the file.


Click on '''Save''' button.
|| On the left side, I will select '''Desktop''' as the location to save my file.


Click the '''Save''' button at the top right corner of the dialog box.
|-
|| Point to the '''MathExample1.odt'''in the title bar.
|| Observe the change in the '''title bar '''now.


It has changed to '''MathExample1.odt.'''
|-
|| Point to the formulae.
|| Now let us learn to '''format''' the formulae we wrote.
|-
|| Go to '''Writer''' gray box >> 

Point to all '''formulae'''.


Go to the '''menu bar''' >> 

Point to the '''Format menu'''.
|| In the ''' Writer''' gray box, notice that the formulae are left aligned and numbered.


Let's use the '''Format''' menu to format the formulae.
|-
|| Click on the '''Format menu ''' >> '''Alignment'''.
|| Let us first see the alignment options.

Click on the '''Format menu''' and then click on '''Alignment'''.
|-
|| Point to the '''Alignment''' dialog box.

Point to '''Horizontal''' >> 

point to '''Left'''.
|| The '''Alignment''' dialog box appears on the screen.

Under '''Horizontal, Left ''' option is selected by default.



|- 
|| Point to''' Centered''' option.

Point to '''Horizontal''' >> 

Point on the '''Right.'''

Click the '''OK '''button.

Go to the '''Writer''' gray box >> 

Point to all '''formulae.''' 
|| If you have the default option as '''Centred''', please change it to '''Left'''.

You may try the '''Right ''' alignment option on your own.


Click the '''OK''' button at the bottom right corner.
|-
|| Click on the '''Format menu '''>> '''Fonts.'''


Point to '''Fonts''' dialog box.
|| Let us change the font style now.

Click the '''Format menu''' and select the '''Fonts '''option.

The '''Fonts''' dialog box appears on the screen.
|- 
|| Point to all categories.
|| Fonts dialog box shows various categories of '''fonts.'''
|-
|| Point to '''Variables '''>> '''Functions '''>>

'''Numbers''' >> '''Text''' .
|| '''Formula fonts''' can be used to set different types of '''fonts''' for: '''Variables''', '''Functions''' , '''Numbers''' and '''Text'''.
|-
|| Go to the bottom of the window >> 

click on the '''Modify'''.


'''Context menu''' >> choose '''Variables'''.
|| To modify a '''font style''', click the '''Modify''' button at the bottom of the window.


From the drop-down menu, choose '''Variables''' category.
|-
|| Point to '''Fonts''' dialog box >> Point to all fonts.


Choose '''‘Liberation Sans’.'''

Under '''Attributes''' click the '''Bold''' check box.

Click '''OK '''button.
|| Another '''Fonts''' dialog box which has different types of '''fonts''' appears.


From the list box of '''fonts''', choose '''Liberation Sans'''.


Under '''Attributes''' click the '''Bold''' check box.


Click the '''OK''' button to close the dialog box.
|-
|| Point to the '''Variable''' drop-down >> Click '''OK'''.


Go to the''' Writer gray box''' >> 

point to the '''font''' of all '''formulae'''.
|| To save the '''font''' of the '''variable''' click the '''OK''' button at the bottom right corner.


In the '''Writer''' gray box, notice the change in the '''font style''' of the '''formulae.'''
|-
|| Click '''Format menu''' >> '''Font Size.'''
|| Let us increase the '''font size''' of the '''formulae'''.

Click the '''Format menu''' and then on '''Font Size'''.
|-
|| Point to the '''Font Sizes '''dialog box.


Go to ''' Base Size ''' field''' >>  type ''' 18'''.


Default sizes: '''Text 100, Indexes 60, Functions 100 Operators''' 100 '''Limits 60'''.
|| The '''Font Sizes ''' dialog box appears on the screen.


In the '''Base Size''' field, type '''18'''.
|-
|| Point to '''Text field >> '''Indexes field''' >> 

'''Functions field''' >> '''Operators field''' >> '''Limits field.'''
|| Let’s change the '''Relative Sizes''' of '''Text''', '''Indexes''', '''Functions''', '''Operators''' and '''Limits'''. 
|-
|| Click''' OK''' button.


Go to the''' Writer''' gray box >> 

point to all '''formulae'''.
|| Now click the '''OK''' button.

In the '''Writer''' gray box, notice the change in the '''font size''' of the '''formulae.''' 
|-
|| Point to the formulae.

Click on the '''Format menu ''' >> '''Spacing'''.
|| Next, let us make changes to the spacing of the formulae. 


Click on the '''Format menu '''and then click on '''Spacing'''.
|-
|| Point to the '''Spacing''' dialog box.

Default sizes:

'''Spacing''' field 10% '''Line Spacing '''field 5%

'''Root Spacing '''field 0%


'''Spacing''' field >> Type '30’ >> 

Point to the right.

'''Line Spacing '''field >> Type ‘30’ >> Point to the right.

'''Root Spacing '''field >> Type ‘30’

>> Point to the right.
|| The '''Spacing''' dialog box appears on the screen.


Let us change the '''Spacing''', '''Line spacing''' and '''Root spacing''' each to '''30 percent.'''


As we set the spacing type, preview shows the position of the spacing.


|-
|| Click on the '''Category''' button >> Point to all '''spacing types'''.


Click '''OK'''.


Go to the''' Writer''' gray box >>

point to the spacing between '''formulae'''.
|| We can also select the '''spacing''' types by clicking the '''Category '''drop down.


Now click the '''OK''' button.


In the '''Writer''' gray box, notice that spacing between the '''formulae''' has changed. 
|-
|| Point to the Elements window.
|| Some more '''formatting''' options are available in the '''Elements''' window.
|-
|| Go to the top of the '''Element''' window >> 

click on the drop-down >> select '''‘Formats’'''.
|| In the '''Elements''' window, click on the '''Element Categories''' drop-down.


Select '''Formats '''from the list of categories.
|-
|| Go below the drop-down.


Point to respective '''symbols'''.

Point to the formats.


Point to the '''symbol''' “ '''`''' ”.



Point to the '''symbol''' “ '''~''' ”.
|| Notice the various format options in the '''Element''' window.


Here we can choose placements for various '''formats'''.


For small gaps, there is a '''back quote''' character in the window denoting '''Small Gap'''.


For long gaps, there is a '''tilde''' character in the window denoting '''Blank'''.
|-
|| Point to the fifth example,
|| Let us introduce a long gap in the fifth example.
|-
|| Go to the''' Formula Editor''' window >> go to the fifth example >> click after “5.”.

Go to the '''Elements window''' >> click on the '''symbol''' “''' ~ '''”.


Go to the '''Writer''' gray box >> Point to the fifth example.
|| In the '''Formula editor''' window, click after number 5. in the fifth example.

Go to the '''Elements window '''and click on the symbol '''‘tilde’'''.


In the '''Writer''' gray box, notice the new gap that is created after number 5.
|-
|| Cursor on the interface.
|| Explore all the '''formatting''' options which '''Math''' provides on your own.
|- 
|| In FEW, type: 

'''color red 5 over{ x+y} newline'''


Point to''' 5.'''
|| Now let’s learn to use '''color command''' in the '''markup '''language.


This '''command''' works only on the formula element that is next to the '''color '''name.


Let us use the '''color command''' for the last formula.


Type '''color red''' before 5.


Notice that only 5 is shown in red colour. 
|- 
|| In FEW, type:

'''color red {5 over {x+y}} newline'''
|| To colour the entire formula, we have to enclose it within curly brackets. 

|-
|| '''Ctrl + S'''
|| Let us save the file now.
|-
|| Narration only:
|| With this we have come to the end of this tutorial.


Let us summarize. 
|-
|| '''Slide: Summary'''
|| In this tutorial, we have learnt:
* '''Markup language''' for writing the formulae
* How to use brackets to state the order of the operation.
* How to format the formulae

|-
|| '''Slide: Assignment'''

|| Here is an assignment for you. 

*In the '''Writer''' window, call the '''Math''' application.

*Write the following '''formulae''' using the '''Markup''':

*Use '''Elements''' dock if necessary.
* '''Summation''' of '''x''' squared
* '''sin''' to the power of x plus '''cos''' to the power of x is equal to 1
* '''Summation''' from 1 to n of x 

*Use the '''Operators''' category to set the '''limits''' for '''summation.'''

*Save the file as '''Math-assignment.odt'''
|- 
|| '''Slide:'''

'''Assignment'''
|| Here is an another assignment for you.

*Change the '''font style''' of the formulae to''' Lato Black''' and '''font size''' to 20 point. 

*Provide more spacing between the symbols

*Colour the characters in the formulae to green.

|-
|| '''Slide: About Spoken Tutorial Project'''
|| 
* The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project
* Please download and watch it

|-
|| '''Slide: Spoken tutorial workshops'''

||
* We conduct workshops using '''spoken''' '''tutorials''' and give certificates
* For more details, please contact us

|-
|| '''Slide: Answers for THIS Spoken Tutorial'''
|| 
* Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial? 
* Please visit this site 
* Choose the minute and second where you have the question 
* Explain your question briefly 
* The Spoken Tutorial project will ensure an answer
* You will have to register on this website to ask questions

|-
|| '''Slide: '''Acknowledgement'''
|| The''' Spoken''' '''Tutorial''' project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Govt. of India.
|-
|| '''Slide: '''Thank you

'''Acknowledgement to DesiCrew'''
|| This tutorial was originally contributed by DesiCrew Solutions Pvt. Ltd. in 2011

This is Madhuri Ganapathi along with the Spoken Tutorial team from '''IIT Bombay''' signing off.

Thank you for watching.
|-
|}