View source for Waste-Management/C2/3-way-segregation-of-MSW-at-source/English

'''Title of the script: '''3-Way Segregation of MSW at Source and 2bin1bag Method

'''Author:''' Ritika

'''Reviewer:''' Nancy Varkey

'''Keywords''': Segregation, waste management, 2bin1bag method.


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||Visual cue
||<center>Narration.</center>

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||Slide No 1

Title Slide

||Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''3-Way Segregation of MSW at Source '''and''' 2bin1bag method.'''

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||Slide Number 2

'''Learning objectives slide'''
||In this tutorial we will discuss,

* The Municipal solid waste generated in India.
* The causes of the current waste management crisis in India.
* How everyone can and needs to be a part of the solution 
* Dry waste management for everyone
* Wet waste management for everyone, and
* Reject/ Domestic hazardous waste management at source

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||Image of dumping ground

||Let’s see how Municipal waste is generated in India.

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) (नगरपालिक का ठोस कूड़ा) is the waste (कचरा) that we generate everyday.
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||Image of dustbin with mixed waste and of buildings
||This is everything we throw in the dustbins at home, in schools, colleges, offices, on the street, etc.
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||Images for each waste
||Mostly this waste is thrown by us in a mixed manner. 

For eg: paper, fruit peels, leftover food, wrappers, plastic, diapers, etc. are all thrown in a single bin.
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||[[Image:]]
|| This mixed waste is either 
* littered, 
* burnt in the open or 
* picked up by municipal trucks and taken to dumping grounds.
* If waste is mixed, it cannot be fixed! 
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||[[Image:]]
||Separating waste into 1) wet, 2) dry and 3) reject/ domestic hazardous is essential to further process the 3 types of waste.
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||[[Image:]]
|| The dry waste may be given to kabadiwallahs, recyclers, or Municipal dry waste centers (सूखा कचरा केंद्र).
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||[[Image:]]
|| The wet waste should be composted at source or in community composting.

And the reject waste can be sent to municipal landfills in India 

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||[[Image:]]

||Now, let’s understand some of the numbers.

How big is the problem?
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||[[Image:]]
||Urban India produces about 1,50,000 MT(metric tonnes) of MSW per day (in 2019). That is about 25,000 municipal waste trucks per day.

Less than 70% of this is collected, 

Less than 20% is treated, 

And more than 50% is dumped.
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||[[Image:]]
|| Of this, Mumbai generates about 11,000 MT of MSW per day. 

Less than 10% of it is treated.
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||[[Image:]]
||Dumping ground. 

Mumbai’s mixed waste is taken to a working dumping ground for the city - Kanjurmarg or Mulund. 

These sites are quickly filling up and will soon be unusable.

Mumbai has no space for new dumping grounds. 
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||[[Image:]]
||Waste is also blocking our drains and waterways causing floods.
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||[[Image:]]
||MCGM’s budget for MSW management is 2,605 Cr rupees.
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||[[Image:]]
|| The major chunk of this is being spent on just transportation, i.e. transporting the mixed MSW from municipal areas to the city’s landfills. 
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||[[Image:]]
||Majority of the waste in Mumbai is mixed, so it has to all be transported and dumped.
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||[[Image:]]
||This leaves very little budget for further management of the waste and resource recovery.
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||Image 

[[Image:]]
||'''Participate in Waste Management '''

How can each of us help solve it?


The two main problems with MSW management in India are:

# Waste is usually mixed by people at source, i.e. when it is thrown. Mixed waste is difficult to recycle. 
#:If it is mixed, it cannot be fixed!
# Sometimes, the separated waste is mixed by the workers when it is being collected. 
#:This makes it difficult and expensive to process further. 
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||So, this waste still ends up being thrown in dumping grounds, if it is not collected in a segregated manner.

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||Image collage of 2 bin 1 bag

[[Image:]]

||The best way we can help is to start separating our waste when we throw it itself. 


This is called '''segregation at source'''.

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||Image collage of 2 bin 1 bag
||GCF teaches 3-way segregation of waste at source through the '''2bin1bag '''method. 

This is as per the 2016 Solid Waste Management Rules.
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||Image of wet waste
||This means that the waste at the time of being thrown, is to be separated into:

'''Wet waste''' fruit, vegetable and food waste - 1 bin
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||Image of wet waste
||'''Wet Waste Bin'''- Everything that comes from the earth and can go back to it. 

That is, all organic waste that can be composted including dry leaves and even soiled paper waste.
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||Image of dry waste
|| '''Dry waste'''  - paper, plastic, metal, glass, cardboard - 1 bag/ bin

'''Dry Waste Bin/ Bag'''- All recyclable waste that is dry and not harmful or contaminating. 

This includes paper, plastic, cardboard, glass, cloth, aluminium, tin, etc.
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||Image of reject waste
||'''Reject waste''' (हानिकारक कचरा)- sharp items, broken glass, sanitary napkins, diapers, medicines, bandaid - which should be wrapped properly and thrown - 1 bin

'''Reject Waste Bin'''- Everything that cannot be put into either the dry or wet waste bins. 
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||Image of reject waste items as per narration
||This includes sanitary napkins, diapers, broken glass, open blades, coconut shells, nail clippings, hair, soiled plastic packaging, swept dust, etc.

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||Image 

Plastic bags[[Image:]]


||Information about plastic bags in waste management:

Do not use plastic bags to line dustbins.
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||[[Image:]][[Image:]][[Image:]][[Image:]][[Image:]]
||Some plastic bags are marked compostable and biodegradable. But they tend not to be in any home/ community composting set-up. 
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||Image of incinerators
||The ones that are, can only be composted/ biodegraded in industrial composters at very high temperatures
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||Newspaper collage
||Use old newspaper lining in dustbins, instead.

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||Image 

[[Image:]]

[[Image:]][[Image:]]
||Pointers to manage your dry waste:

Dry waste is all waste that is recyclable and which cannot be composted. 

This includes dry paper, plastic, metals, glass, cardboard, wood, etc.
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||Image 

Dal & paper raddi
||When disposing off dry waste at source, we must ensure that the waste is dry and not soiled. 

Eg:- If dal is mixed with our raddi (waste paper), the raddiwalla (i.e. waste paper collector) will refuse to take such soiled material. 

This is because contaminated/mixed waste cannot be recycled.
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||As per the '''2bin1bag''' method, 
* dry waste is to be stored in the dry waste bag at source 
* and then handed over to the waste collector.
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||Bulk waste generators (such as societies and schools) must set up appropriate recycling systems.

The waste segregated at source should also be collected separately by the collection staff.

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||Image 8

Tetra paks

[[Image:]]



||Please empty out, rinse and dry soiled tetrapaks, and aluminium foil.

Do the same for plastic milk bags, used paper/plastic cups and plastic food containers.

Then put them in the dry waste bag/bin. 
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||Collage of flat tetrapaks
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For tetrapaks, please flatten them before disposal.

Ensure that you consume as little water as possible to rinse any items before disposal. 
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|| Water tap image
||Don’t use a couple of litres of water to rinse out any packaging/container.
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||Image of Reject bin
||It is better to dispose of the item in the Reject Bin and save on your environmental footprint.

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||Image (take new photo correct and wrong way of cutting milk bag)

[[Image:]]

[[Image:]][[Image:]]
||As far as possible, open packets/sachets without completely cutting out their corners.

Open the milk packets without separating the corner piece of plastic.
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||Plastic snipped off
||Every year close to 30 lakh tiny pieces of plastic snipped off from milk sachets alone, are tossed in the garbage.

This makes them difficult to recycle.

They end up being burnt and increase air pollution, polluting our water bodies and beaches or blocking gutters.

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||Image 

[[Image:]]
||'''Tips & Tricks for 3-Way Segregation of MSW'''

'''(2bin1bag Method/ Trick No. 6)'''


When you are away from home, as far as possible, try to collect and bring back your trash.


Like for eg: tiny sweet-wrappers/ bus tickets/ toll receipts, disposable packets/papers/used cups.


Then dispose them off in your dry waste bin/bag.


This ensures that these dry waste are sent for scientific recycling and doesn’t harm our environment or health.

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||Slide
||With this we come to the end of this tutorial.


Let us summarize.

In this tutorial we learnt about:

* The Municipal waste generated in India.
* The big problem of waste management.
* How everyone can participate in waste management
* Dry waste management
* Wet waste management and
* Reject / Domestic hazardous waste management

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||Green Communities Foundation slide



||Green Communities Foundation [http://greencf.org/ greencf.org]

* is a ‘not for profit’ organisation
* primarily to improve waste management
* and reduce environmental pollution.

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||Spoken Tutorial Project Slide

||Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay is funded by NMEICT, MoE, Govt. of India.


For more details, please visit [http://spoken-tutorial.org/ http://spoken-tutorial.org]

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||THANK YOU slide



||This tutorial has been contributed by

* Green Communities Foundation
* and the Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

This is Nancy Varkey signing off. Thanks for joining.

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