View source for OpenPLC-with-LDmicro/C2/Normal-Coil/English


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1: 
Welcome Slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Normal Coil.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: Learning Objectives

* Normal Coil 

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn about the working of

* '''Normal Coil '''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3: System Requirements

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 OS
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''
* 24V, 2A '''SMPS'''
* '''USBasp programmer'''
* '''Traffic Light module'''
* '''Switchboard module'''

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system
* '''LDmicro'''
* '''OpenPLC Mainboard'''
* 24V, 2A '''SMPS'''
* '''USBasp programmer'''
* '''Traffic Light module''' and 
* '''Switchboard module'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4: Pre-requisites

* Program OpenPLC Mainboard and
* Interface OpenPLC modules with Mainboard. 

If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials from [https://spoken-tutorial.org/ Home | spoken-tutorial.org]
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
* To follow this tutorial, you should know how to 
** '''program OpenPLC Mainboard''' and
** '''interface OpenPLC modules''' with '''Mainboard'''. 
* If not, please refer to the relevant tutorials in this series on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Prerequisites - Hardware setup

hardware-prerequisite.jpg
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect''' SMPS''' and '''USBasp''' to the '''Mainboard''' as shown in the picture.

Keep these connections throughout this tutorial.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open LDmicro 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us open '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Instructions -> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Coil''' from '''Instructions''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that '''Coil''' is an '''output instruction'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Type’ and ‘Source’

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| A dialog box opens.

Here we can see two columns named '''‘Type’''' and '''‘Source’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the types
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see there are four types of '''coils'''.

They are '''Normal, Negated, SET-Only''' and '''RESET-Only Coils'''.

These coils have two '''source types''' which are''' Pin on MCU''' and '''Internal Relay'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to Normal, Pin on MCU
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| By default, the '''type''' of the '''coil''' is set to '''‘Normal’''' and '''source''' to '''‘Pin on MCU’'''.

'''Pin on MCU''' means that the '''coil''' represents a '''pin''' on the '''microcontroller'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Don’t change them. 

Keep the default settings as it is.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to other types
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will learn about other '''types''' of '''Coils''' and '''source types''' in the later tutorials.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the coil as LED >> Click the OK button.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Rename the''' Coil''' as '''LED''' and click on the '''OK''' button.

Remember that '''LDmicro''' is '''case sensitive'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the rung 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Note that the '''Coil''' is directly connected to the '''positive rail'''.

So, the '''input''' to the '''Coil''' is '''logic 1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will check the working of this '''logic'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Simulate -> Simulation mode’ >> Click ‘Simulate -> Real-time simulation’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us turn on the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Simulation mode.'''

Next, start real-time '''simulation''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight state of YLED in the I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Observe the '''state''' of '''YLED''' in the '''I/O list.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the state of LED in I/O list at the bottom of the screen
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe the '''state''' of '''YLED''' is 1.

That is for a '''Normal Coil''' when the '''input''' is '''true''', the '''output''' is also '''true'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click 'Simulate -> Halt Simulation' >> Click 'Simulate -> Simulation Mode'
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, turn off the '''simulation mode'''.

For that, click '''Simulate''' and then on '''Halt Simulation.'''

Then click '''Simulate''' and '''Simulation Mode'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now let us '''compile''' the '''logic'''.

The detailed steps on how to '''compile''' and save the '''logic''' are explained in the earlier tutorials. 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Settings >> Click on Microcontroller >> Select AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP 

Click on Settings >> Click on MCU parameters >> Change Crystal frequency to 16 >>Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on '''Settings''' and select the '''microcontroller AVR ATmega16 40-PDIP.''' 

Adjust its '''parameters''' as shown here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on YLED in I/O list >> Select PA0 >> Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''YLED''' in the '''I/O list'''.

Then, assign '''pin PA0''' to the '''coil ‘YLED’'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on Compile >> Click on Compile >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘normalcoil.hex’ >> Click on Save.

Click OK button
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Compile''' the '''logic''' and save the '''hex file''' as ‘'''normalcoil.hex'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click on File >> Click on Save >> Go to Desktop/LDmicro folder >> Rename it as ‘normalcoil.ld’ >> Click on Save
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Then save the '''ladder diagram''' as ‘'''normalcoil.ld'''’.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will see the working of this '''logic''' on '''hardware'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect Mainboard to PC using USBasp

laptop-usbasp.jpg

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect the '''Mainboard''' to your laptop using '''USBasp'''.

Turn on the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal >> Type cd Desktop/LDmicro >> Press ENTER >> Type '''avrdude -c usbasp -p m16 -U flash:w:normalcoil.hex '''>> Press ENTER
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open the '''Terminal''' by pressing '''CTRL+ALT+T''' keys simultaneously.

Go to the folder where you saved the '''hex file'''.

Type the '''command''' as shown to upload this '''hex file''' to the '''Mainboard'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|

Remove the '''USBasp''' connection from the laptop.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the '''power supply'''.

Remove the '''USBasp connection''' from the laptop.

This will prevent any '''hardware''' damage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcoil.png
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the '''connection''' details now. 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| normalcoil.png

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Connect '''GND pin''' of the red '''LED''' of '''Traffic Light module''' to '''GND pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Then connect the +5V '''pin''' of the red '''LED''' to '''PA0 pin''' of the '''Mainboard'''.

Make the '''connections''' as shown in the picture.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now turn on the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"|
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the red '''LED''' is glowing.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| That is the '''I/O pin PA0''' gives the '''output''' of the '''coil''' which is '''logic 1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus we learnt working of a '''Normal Coil''' using an '''LED'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Turn off the '''power supply'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial.

Let us summarize.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5: Summary

* Normal Coil

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt about the working of

* '''Normal Coil'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 6: Evaluation

Suppose that the '''input''' to '''Normal Coil''' is '''logic 0'''

What will be the '''state/output''' of the '''Normal Coil'''?
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here is a self assessment question for you:

Suppose that the '''input''' to '''Normal Coil''' is '''logic 0'''.

What will be the '''state''' of the '''Normal Coil''' ?

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 7: Answer 

The state of the Normal Coil will be 0
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The answer is the '''state''' of the '''Normal Coil''' will be '''0'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
* Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}