View source for PhET-Simulations-for-Physics/C2/Energy-Forms-and-Changes/English

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||'''Visual Cue'''
||'''Narration'''

|- 
|| '''Slide Number 1''' 

'''Title slide''' 
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation'''.
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 2''' 

'''Learning objectives''' 
|| In this tutorial we will, 

Demonstrate '''Energy Forms and Changes''', '''PhET simulation'''. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 3''' 

'''System Requirements''' 
|| Here I am using- 

Ubuntu Linux OS version 14.04 

Java version 1.7.0 

Firefox Web Browser version 53.02.2 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 4''' 

'''Pre-requisites''' 
|| To follow this tutorial, 

Learner should be familiar with topics in high school physics. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 5''' 

'''Learning Goals''' 
|| Using this '''simulation''' we will learn, 

To conserve energy in real-life systems. 

To compare thermal conductivity of different objects. 

About different forms of energy. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 6''' 

'''Learning Goals''' 
|| Using this '''simulation''' we will, 

Predict how energy flows when objects are heated or cooled. 

Design energy systems. 

Study how energy changes from one form to another. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 7''' 

'''About Energy''' 
|| Energy is the capacity to do work on objects. 

It is a '''scalar''' quantity. 

In '''SI system''', it is measured in '''joules'''. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 8''' 

'''Forms of Energy''' 
|| Energy exists in nature in several forms such as- 

'''Mechanical energy (potential energy + kinetic energy)'''

'''Electrical energy''' 

'''Thermal energy'''

'''Light energy '''and 

'''Chemical energy'''. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 9''' 

'''Link for PhET simulation''' 

|| Use the given link to download the '''simulation'''. 

[http://phet.colorado.edu/ http://phet.colorado.edu] 
|- 
|| Point to '''Energy Forms and Changes PhET simulation'''. 
|| I have already downloaded '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder. 
|- 
|| To open java file, 

Press '''Ctrl''', '''Alt''' and '''T''' keys. 

Type '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''. 
|| To run the '''simulation''', open the '''terminal'''. 

At the prompt type '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''. 
|- 
|| Type '''java – jar energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''. 

Point to interface. 
|| Then type, 

'''java space hyphen jar space energy-forms-and-changes_en.jar''' and press '''Enter'''. 

'''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' opens. 
|- 
|| Point to '''Intro''' and '''Energy Systems''' tab. 
|| The '''simulation''' screen has 2 tabs at the top- 

'''Intro''' and 

'''Energy Systems'''. 
|- 
|| Cursor on '''Intro''' screen. 
|| By default '''Intro''' screen opens. 

|- 
|| Cursor on '''Intro''' screen. 
|| '''Intro''' screen helps to predict, 
how thermal energy flows when objects are heated or cooled. 
|- 
|| Point to three thermometers. 
|| Left side of the screen has a set of three thermometers. 

|- 
|| Point to '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 

Click on '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 
|| Right side of the screen has '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 

Click on '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 
|- 
|| Point to energy chunks in '''Iron''' block, '''Brick''' block and '''Water''' container. 

Point to energy chunks. 

Cursor on interface. 
|| Energy chunks will appear in '''Iron''' block, '''Brick''' block and '''Water''' container. 

Number of chunks is proportional to amount of energy in each of the objects. 

In this set up, the energy transfer is in the form of thermal energy. 
|- 
|| Point to '''heat regulators'''. 

Point to stands. 
|| There are two '''heat regulators''' to heat or cool the system. 

'''Heat regulators''' are provided with stands. 
|- 
|| Point to '''Normal''' and '''Fast Forward''' radio-buttons. 

Point to '''Play''' / '''Pause''' button. 

Point to '''Step''' button. 

Point to '''Reset All''' button. 
|| At the bottom of the screen we have, 

'''Normal''' and '''Fast Forward''' radio-buttons to control the speed of animation. 

'''Play''' / '''Pause''' button 

'''Step''' button and 

'''Reset All''' button. 
|- 
|| Drag the '''Water''' container onto the stand. 

Drag and attach the thermometer to the container. 
|| Drag the '''Water '''container onto the stand. 

Drag and attach the thermometer to the container. 
|- 
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards. 

Point to vapours. 

'''heat regulator'''

Point to energy chunks. 
|| Now drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards to heat the Water. 

As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed. 

Also observe that energy chunks escape into the atmosphere. 
|- 
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' downwards. 

Point to water in container. 

Drag and place the container on the '''workbench'''. 
|| Next drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' downwards to cool the Water. 

As the temperature decreases water freezes and becomes ice. 

Drag and place the container on the '''workbench'''. 
|- 
|| Drag the '''Iron''' block and place it on stand. 

Drag >>place the thermometer on the '''Iron''' block. 
|| Now drag the '''Iron''' block and place it on the first stand. 

Drag and place the thermometer on the '''Iron''' block. 
|- 
|| Drag '''Brick''' block and '''Water''' container to a side. 
|| Move the '''Brick''' block and '''Water''' container to a side. 
|- 
|| Point to energy chunks in '''Iron''' block. 

Point to thermometer. 
|| Before you start heating, note the number of energy chunks in the '''Iron''' block. 

Observe the temperature on the thermometer. 
|- 
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards. 
|| Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards to heat the '''Iron''' block. 
|- 
|| Point to energy chunks. 

Cursor on the interface. 

Point to energy chunks in '''Iron''' block. 
|| Observe that energy from heat is transferred to '''Iron''' block in the form of chunks. 

Here internal energy of '''Iron''' block increases. 

This is due to the flow of heat from the heat source to '''Iron''' block. 
|- 
|| Point to energy chunks of '''Iron''' block going into atmosphere. 

Point to temperature of '''Iron''' block. 
|| Observe that some chunks from '''Iron''' block escape into the atmosphere. 

This results in decrease in the temperature of '''Iron''' block. 
|- 
|| Drag the slider up on the '''heat regulator'''. 
|| Again heat the '''Iron''' block to maximum temperature. 

|- 
|| Place the heated '''Iron ''' block in the Water container. 
|| Drag and place the heated '''Iron''' block in the '''Water''' container. 

|- 
|| Point to energy chunks. 

Point to thermometer of '''Iron''' block. 

Point to thermometer of '''Water''' container. 
|| Energy chunks travel from hot '''Iron''' block into Water. 

This results in, decrease in the temperature of '''Iron''' Block. 

Water becomes hot and its temperature increases. 
|- 
|| Point to thermometers of '''Iron''' block and '''Water''' container. 
|| This heat transfer process continues till objects reach '''thermal equilibrium'''. 

|- 
|| Click on '''Fast Forward''' radio-button. 
|| Let us choose '''Fast Forward''' option to make the process faster. 

|- 
|| Place the '''Iron''' block on the '''heat regulator'''. 

Drag and hold the slider down. 

Point to thermometer of '''Iron''' block. 
|| Now again place the '''Iron''' block on the '''heat regulator'''. 

Drag and hold the slider down to cool the '''Iron''' block. 

Cool the '''Iron''' block until thermometer reaches its minimum temperature. 
|- 
|| Place the '''Iron''' block in '''Water''' container. 

Point to thermometer of '''Iron''' block and '''Water''' container. 
|| Again place the cooled '''Iron''' block in '''Water''' container. 

Note the temperature changes and energy chunks transformation. 
|- 
|| Place the '''Iron''' and '''Brick''' blocks on stand. 

Drag >>place the thermometer on the '''Brick''' block. 

Drag and hold the slider of the '''heat regulator''' upwards. 
|| Now place both the blocks on to the stands. 

Drag and place the thermometer on the '''Brick''' block. 

Heat the blocks one by one until you will see maximum rise in temperatures. 
|- 
|| Cursor on the interface. 

Point to thermometers. 

|| Wait till '''thermal equilibrium''' is established. 

Observe the decrease in temperatures. 
|-
||Point to energy chunks of '''Iron''' block and '''Brick''' block. 

Point to '''Iron''' block and '''Brick''' block. 

||Observe that '''Iron''' block has more number of energy chunks than '''Brick''' block. 

This indicates that '''Iron''' has more thermal conductivity than '''Brick'''. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 10'''

'''Assignment''' 
|| As an assignment, 

Heat '''Iron''' block and '''Brick''' block at the same time. 

Place heated '''Iron''' block above the heated '''Brick''' block. 

And explain the observation. 
|- 
|| Point to '''Energy Systems''' tab. 
|| Now we will move on to '''Energy Systems''' screen. 

|- 
|| Click on '''Energy Systems''' tab. 

Cursor on '''Energy Systems''' screen. 
|| Click on '''Energy Systems''' tab. 

'''Energy Systems''' screen opens. 
|- 
|| Cursor on '''Energy Systems''' screen. 
|| This screen gives an idea about conservation of energy from everyday life. 

|- 
|| Point to set of energy sources. 

Point to turbine and solar system.

Point to set of receivers. 
|| Screen at the bottom has a set of- 

Energy sources 

Electrical energy generation systems and 

Receivers. 
|- 
|| Point to '''Reset All''' button. 
|| '''Reset All''' button is available at the bottom right corner of the screen. 

|- 
|| Point to '''Faucet''', turbine, '''Water''' container and thermometer. 
|| By default screen has a set up of- 

'''Faucet''' as energy source, 

Turbine as Electrical energy generation system and 

'''Water''' container with thermometer as a receiver. 
|- 
|| Click on '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 
 
Point to '''Forms of Energy''' panel. 

Point to each energy in the panel. 
|| Click on '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 

'''Forms of Energy''' panel will display. 

'''Forms of Energy''' panel helps you to identify the various forms of energy. 
|- 
|| Drag the blue slider. 

Point to '''Mechanical''' Energy chunks. 
|| Now drag the blue slider to turn on the '''faucet'''. 

Notice that water flowing from faucet has '''Mechanical''' energy. 
|- 
|| Point to '''Electrical''' energy chunks. 

Point to thermometer attached to '''Water''' container. 
|| This''' Mechanical''' energy turns the turbine which creates '''Electrical''' energy. 

This energy causes the temperature of the water to increase. 
|- 
|| Point to vapours of water. 

Point to '''Thermal''' energy chunks. 
|| As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed. 

It gives off more '''Thermal''' energy into the atmosphere. 
|- 
|| Cursor on the interface. 
|| Here energy is conserved as total energy of the system remains constant. 

|- 
|| 
|| Let's set up another energy system. 

|- 
|| Click on '''Sun''' button. 

Click on solar panel button. 
|| Here we will select Sun as a energy source. 

Replace the turbine with solar panel. 
|- 
|| Click on '''incandescent''' bulb button. 

|| Now instead of '''Water''' container, select '''incandescent''' bulb. 

|- 
|| Point to clouds slider at '''None'''. 

Point to '''Light''' energy. 

|| In this system, initially their is no '''cloud'''. 

Here the sun is the source of '''Light''' energy. 
|-
||Point to '''Electrical''' energy. 

Point to bulb. 
||This '''light''' energy is absorbed by the solar panel to create '''Electrical''' energy. 

This '''Electrical''' energy causes the bulb to glow. 
|- 
|| Point to '''Light''' energy and '''Thermal''' energy chunks. 
|| The incandescent bulb converts '''Electrical''' energy into,

a lot of '''Thermal''' energy and very little '''Light''' energy. 

This is because the filament gets heated up. 
|- 
|| Click on '''fluorescent''' bulb. 

Point to '''fluorescent''' light bulb. 
 
|| Next replace the '''incandescent''' bulb with the '''fluorescent''' bulb. 

Observe the energy output of '''fluorescent''' bulb. 
|-
||Point to '''fluorescent''' light bulb. 
||Notice that, 

The fluorescent bulb releases more '''Light''' energy and less '''Thermal''' energy. 

Therefore '''fluorescent''' bulb is more efficient. 
|- 
|| 
|| Now let's see the effect of '''Clouds''' on solar panel. 

|- 
|| Drag the '''Clouds''' blue slider gradually from '''None''' to '''Lots'''. 

Points to '''clouds'''. 

|| Drag the '''Clouds''' slider gradually from '''None''' to '''Lots'''. 

As you drag the slider, '''clouds''' appear. 
|-
||Point to '''Light''' energy. 

Point to solar panel. 
||Due to the presence of '''clouds''' light energy does not reach the solar panel. 

So generation of '''Electrical''' energy stops. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 11''' 

'''Assignment''' 
|| As an assignment, 
 
Select '''cycle-generator system'''. 

Explain why the cyclist must be fed in order to continue to pedal. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 12''' 

'''Assignment''' 

|| Set up different systems and let it run for a while. 

Observe the energy transformations in each system and 

Tabulate your observations. 
|- 
|| 
|| Let us summarize. 

|- 
|| '''Slide Number 13''' 

'''Summary''' 
|| In this tutorial we have demonstrated, 

How to use '''Energy Forms and Changes''', '''PhET simulation'''. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 14''' 

'''Summary''' 

|| Using this '''simulation''' we have learnt, 

To conserve energy in real-life systems. 

To compare thermal conductivity of different objects.

About different forms of energy. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 15''' 

'''Summary''' 
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have, 

Predicted how energy flows when objects are heated or cooled. 

Designed energy systems. 

Studied how energy changes from one form to another. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 16''' 

'''About Spoken Tutorial project''' 
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. 

Please download and watch it. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 17''' 

'''Spoken Tutorial workshops''' 
|| The '''Spoken Tutorial Project '''team: 

conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and 

gives certificates on passing online tests. 

For more details, please write to us. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 18''' 

'''Forum for specific questions:''' 

Do you have questions in THIS '''Spoken Tutorial'''? 

Please visit this site. 
Choose the minute and second where you have the question. 
Explain your question briefly. 
Someone from our team will answer them. 

|| Please post your timed queries on this forum. 

|- 
|| '''Slide Number 19''' 

'''Acknowledgements''' 
 
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. 
|- 
|| '''Slide Number 20''' 

'''Acknowledgement'''
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. 

More information on this mission is available at this link. 
|- 
|| 
|| This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT-Bombay. 
Thank you for joining. 
|-

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