View source for R/C2/Overview-of-R-and-RStudio/English

'''Title of the script''': Overview of R and RStudio

'''Author''': Madhuri Ganapathi and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay) 

'''Keywords''': R, RStudio, command-line interface, pie chart, programming, video tutorial

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|'''Visual Cue'''
|'''Narration'''
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Opening Slide
|| Welcome to this spoken tutorial on '''Overview of R and RStudio. '''
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Learning Objectives

|| In this tutorial, we will learn:
* About '''R''' programming language 
* Applications of '''R'''
* About '''RStudio''' 
* Topics covered in this series 

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System Specifications
|| This tutorial is recorded on
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''OS version '''18.04'''
* '''R''' version '''3.4.4'''
* '''RStudio''' version '''1.2.5033'''

It is recommended to install '''R''' version '''3.2.0''' or higher. 
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Prerequisites
|| To follow this series, the learner should have knowledge of basic Mathematics and Statistics.
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About R 

|| Let us first see what''' R '''is.
* '''R''' is a programming language developed by '''Ross Ihaka''' and '''Robert Gentleman''' in 1993. 
* '''R''' is used in statistics, data analysis, and machine learning algorithms.
* It is a free/libre open source software.

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Features of R
|| Some of its salient features are: 
* '''R''' provides support for both procedural programming and object-oriented programming.
* '''R '''can be integrated with other programming languages like '''C, C++, Python, Java''', etc. 

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Features of R
|| 
* '''R '''is capable of effective data handling and storage. 
* '''R '''has more than 10,000 packages in its repository. 
* '''R''' is cross-platform compatible. 
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Features of R
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* '''R '''facilitates complex operations with '''vectors, arrays''', and '''data frames'''. 
* '''R '''has community support of avid developers.

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Applications of R 
|| '''R '''is extensively used in-
* Fraud detection especially in the finance and banking sectors.
* Social media analysis to discover potential customers in online advertising. 

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Applications of R 
|| 
* Healthcare to perform pre-clinical trials and analyze the drug-safety data.
* E-Commerce companies to analyze the purchases made by customers. 

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|| Now, we will learn about some of the companies that use '''R'''. 
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Names of the companies that use '''R'''
|| ANZ Bank:
* '''ANZ Bank''', the fourth largest bank in '''Australia''', uses '''R''' for '''credit risk analysis. '''
* It also uses '''R''' to fit models for mortgage loss. 

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Names of the companies that use '''R'''
|| Facebook:
* '''Facebook''' uses '''R''' for '''exploratory data analysis, experimental analysis,''' etc. 
* It also uses '''R''' for analyzing user behavior like status updates and profile pictures.

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|| Names of the companies that use R
|| Google:
* '''Google''' uses '''R''' to calculate return on investment on advertising campaigns. 
* It also uses '''R''' to improve the efficiency of online advertising.

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|| Web browser

[https://www.r-project.org/ https://www.r-project.org/]
|| Let us now see the '''homepage''' of '''R'''. 

This is the '''homepage''' of '''The R Project for Statistical Computing'''. 
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|| Highlight '''download R''' on the home page
|| Here, we can download '''R.'''
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|| Highlight '''About R''' on the right side of the home page
|| Under the section '''R Project''', click on '''About R.'''

This will tell us more about''' R''' and its environment. 
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|| 
|| I will scroll down the page.
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|| Highlight '''Getting Help''' on the right side of the home page 
|| Under the section '''Help With R''', click on '''Getting Help''' to know how to get help. 
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|| Highlight the Terminal on your computer
|| Now we will see the '''command line''' interface of '''R'''. 

I have already installed '''R''' on my machine. So, I will launch '''R''' from the '''terminal'''. 
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|| Press '''Ctrl''' + '''Alt''' + '''T''' keys on the keyboard.

Highlight the '''Terminal.'''

Type '''R''' in the terminal.
|| Press '''Ctrl''' + '''Alt''' + '''T''' keys on the keyboard to open a '''terminal '''window.

Now, in the '''terminal''', type capital '''R''' and press '''Enter'''. 
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|| Highlight '''R '''command-line interface
|| The '''command-line''' interface of '''R''' opens. 

In the '''terminal''', scroll up. 

Notice that''' R''' version 3.4.4 is installed on my machine. 

Now, scroll down. 
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|| Highlight '''R '''command-line interface
|| Here, we can type the '''commands''' to be executed in''' R'''.

As an example, we’ll evaluate the value of 10 raised to the power of 0.1.
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|| R console:

Type''' 10^0.1'''
|| Type '''10 carat''' sign '''0.1''' and press '''Enter'''. 
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|| Highlight the value in the Terminal 
|| The expected value is being displayed on the '''R terminal '''window. 
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|| Now, we will learn about '''RStudio.'''
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About '''RStudio''' 
|| 
* '''RStudio''' is an '''integrated development environment''' for '''R'''. 
* It includes a '''console''' and an '''editor'''. 
* It provides tools for plotting, '''debugging''' and '''workspace''' management.

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|| Web browser

[https://rstudio.com/ https://rstudio.com/] 
|| Let us now see the '''homepage''' of '''RStudio'''. 

There is a lot of information about '''RStudio''' on this page.

You can go through it in detail, later.
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|| Now let’s get familiar with the '''RStudio '''interface.

I have already installed '''RStudio''' on my machine. 

So, I will launch '''RStudio''' using the '''terminal'''. 
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|| Highlight the '''Terminal '''

Type '''rstudio''' and press '''Enter'''. 
|| Press '''Ctrl''' + '''Alt''' + '''T''' keys together to open a new '''terminal '''window.

In the '''terminal''', type '''rstudio''' and press '''Enter'''. 
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|| Highlight the '''Console''' Window
|| '''RStudio''' is launched. 

In the left panel of '''RStudio''', we can see the '''Console''' window. 

In the '''Console''', '''R''' is waiting for us to type a '''command'''.

Let us draw a simple''' pie chart'''. 
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|| RStudio

'''pie(1:5)'''
|| In the '''Console''' window, type '''p i e''' and in parentheses one '''colon''' five. 

Press '''Enter'''. 
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|| Highlight the pie chart in the '''Plots''' window 
|| The expected '''pie chart''' is generated in the '''Plots '''window. 
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|| Highlight '''Environment''' and '''History '''window 
|| Apart from this, we have '''Environment''' and '''History tabs.''' 

Here all the used '''variables''' and '''commands''' are stored. 
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|| Highlight '''Files''' window.


Point to the '''current working directory'''.
|| In the bottom right panel of '''RStudio''', we have the '''Files''' tab. 

Click on the '''Files''' tab. 

It shows the '''current working directory'''.

We will learn about other tabs later in this series. 
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|| Let’s now have a look at the content that will be covered in the '''R '''series.
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Installing R and RStudio 

# Installing R and RStudio on Linux.
# Installing R and RStudio on Windows.
|| These two tutorials will teach how to install '''R''' and '''RStudio''' on '''Linux''' and '''Windows''' OS.

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Basics of R and RStudio

# Introduction to basics of R. 
# Introduction to Data Frames in R
# Introduction to RStudio
# Introduction to R script
# Working directories in RStudio

|| These five tutorials will cover the basics of '''R, Data Frames''' in '''R''' and '''RStudio.'''

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Basics of data frames and lists 

# Indexing and Slicing Data Frames
# Creating Matrices using Data Frames
# Operations on Matrices and Data Frames

|| We’ll also learn how to store and analyze our '''Data Frames'''. 

These three tutorials and the next three tutorials will teach the basics of using '''Data frames '''and''' lists'''. 

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Basics of data frames and lists 
# Merging and Importing Data
# Data types and Factors
# Lists and its Operations

|| 

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Visualizing data using plots

# Plotting Histograms and Pie Chart
# Plotting Bar Charts and Scatter Plot

|| Next, we will learn how to visualize our data using simple plots and charts. 

These two tutorials will teach how to draw '''histograms, pie charts, bar charts, '''etc. 

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Customizing plots using ggplot2

# Introduction to ggplot2
# Aesthetic Mapping in ggplot2

|| After this, we will see how to customize our plots using the '''ggplot2 package. '''

These two tutorials will teach how to use the '''functions''' available in the '''ggplot2 package'''. 

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Manipulating data using dplyr 

# Data Manipulation using dplyr Package
# More functions in the dplyr Package
# Pipe Operator

|| Then we will learn how to manipulate our data using the '''dplyr package''' and '''pipe operator'''. 

These three tutorials will teach how to use the '''dplyr package''' and '''pipe operator'''. 

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Using conditional statements 

# Conditional Statements
# Functions in R 

|| At last, we will learn how to use '''conditional statements''' in '''R''' and to create '''user-defined functions.'''

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Advanced Level Topics
|| Later on, we may add a few more advanced level topics in this series.

Please visit this series at regular intervals for the latest updates.

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|| This completes the overview of spoken tutorials on the '''R''' series. 
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|| Let us summarize.
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Summary
|| In this tutorial, we have learned
* About '''R''' programming language 
* Applications of '''R''' 
* About '''RStudio''' and
* Topics covered in this series 

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About the Spoken Tutorial Project
|| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
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Spoken Tutorial Workshops
|| We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates.

Please contact us.
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Spoken Tutorial Forum to answer questions
|| Do you have questions in THIS Spoken Tutorial?

Please visit this site.

Choose the minute and second where you have the question. Explain your question briefly.

Someone from the FOSSEE team will answer them.
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Spoken Tutorial Forum for specific questions:
|| The Spoken Tutorial forum is for specific questions on this tutorial.

Please do not post unrelated and general questions on them.

This will help reduce the clutter.

With less clutter, we can use these discussions as instructional material.
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Forum to answer questions
|| Do you have any general/technical questions?

Please visit the forum given in the link.
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Textbook Companion
|| The FOSSEE team coordinates the coding of solved examples of popular books.

We give honorarium and certificates to those who do this.

For more details, please visit these sites.
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Acknowledgment
|| The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
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Thank You
|| This tutorial is contributed by Sudhakar Kumar and Madhuri Ganapathi from IIT Bombay. Thank you for watching.
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