View source for OpenPLC-version1-with-LDmicro/C2/Introduction-to-LDmicro/English


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 1: 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on '''Introduction to LDmicro.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 2: 

Learning Objectives

* Explore LDmicro interface
* Create a simple ladder logic 

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we will 

* Explore '''LDmicro''' interface and 
* Create a simple '''ladder logic'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 3:

System Requirements

* Ubuntu Linux 18.04''' '''operating system
* LDmicro

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To record this tutorial I am using:

* '''Ubuntu Linux''' 18.04 operating system and
* '''LDmicro'''
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4:

Pre-requisites 

* LDmicro should have installed on your system
* If not, please refer to the relevant LDMicro tutorials on this website

https://spoken-tutorial.org
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have '''LDmicro''' installed on your system.

If not, please refer to the relevant '''LDmicro''' tutorials on this website.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type LDmicro

Click on LDmicro icon
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us launch the ‘'''LDmicro'''’ interface in linux.

Go to the unity search bar and type ‘'''LDmicro'''’. 

Double click on the ‘'''LDmicro'''’ icon.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Open terminal

Type ldmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| You can also launch LDmciro through terminal.

Open the terminal by pressing '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys simultaneously.

Type '''ldmicro'''.

Note that all the letters in '''LDmicro''' are small case.

Press '''ENTER.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| narration
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Windows''' users can launch it by double-clicking the executable file.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see '''Program editor '''window opens.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point rungs
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The horizontal lines in which we write our ladder diagram are called '''Rungs'''.

The '''Rung''' with '''‘END’''' instruction denotes the end of the ladder diagram.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point rails
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The two vertical lines at the start and end of each rung are called '''Rails'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point left rail

Point right rail
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The left rail is connected to '''Positive''', and the right rail is connected to '''Ground'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Show the direction of current flow
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Thus, the current flows from left rail to right rail.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Instructions’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see about instructions 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 4:

Instructions

* Mainly two types, Input and Output instructions
* Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung 
* Minimum of one output instruction in a rung

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * In''' ladder logic''', we categorize instructions mainly as input and output instructions.
* Output instructions are always the last instruction in a rung
* Every '''rung''' must have a minimum of one output instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now we will learn how to place instructions in '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro

Click on ‘Instructions’ and highlight the elements
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro''' interface.

In the top menu bar, click on '''Instructions'''.

There are many elements available under '''Instructions'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point cursor
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Every instruction is placed at the current cursor position.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Instruction >> Insert Contact

Highlight the Keyboard shortcuts
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We will first place a '''contact''' by clicking on '''Instructions -> Insert Contacts.'''

The letter ‘C’ in the '''Insert Contacts menu '''represents the keyboard shortcut.

You can either use the menu or the shortcut keys to place the instruction.

We can see that the cursor is blinking before the new '''Contact'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to Xnew
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can now see that the contact is inserted at the current cursor position. 

It is named as '''Xnew''' by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can see a Input Output list at the bottom of the window.

All the variables used in the program will be displayed in this''' I/O list.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to the icon and show the tooltip
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Below the menu bar, you can see a toolbar with icons which are frequently used.

For example, the first icon is '''‘Normal contact’'''. 

You can use this tool bar as well to place instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Demo of cursor position
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Next we will place a '''Coil'''.

For that, place the cursor to the right end of the '''Contact'''.

This can be done by clicking with the mouse pointer at the appropriate position.

Otherwise with the help of arrow keys you can change the cursor position.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| click on '''Instructions->Insert Coil'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In the menu bar, click on '''Instructions->Insert Coil'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight Contact and Coil
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe that the '''contact''' appears red whereas '''coil''' in white.

This is because an instruction gets highlighted when cursor is placed near it.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the coil and right power rail
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Here, the '''coil''' is placed automatically at the extreme right of the '''rung.'''

This is because it is an output instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the right side of the coil

Click on ‘Instructions’

HIghlight Instructions list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Try placing an instruction to the right of the '''Coil'''.

Place the cursor to the right of the '''coil'''.

Click on '''‘Instructions’.'''

We can see that no instruction is enabled.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Therefore, no other instruction can be placed at the right of an output instruction.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the right side of the coil

Click on ‘Instructions’

Highlight ‘Insert Contact’

Highlight ‘Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| If we move the cursor to the left of the coil, we can place another '''contact.'''

But we cannot place a '''coil'''.

Place the cursor to the left of the '''coil.'''

Click on '''Instructions.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the instructions which are disabled
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can observe few instructions are disabled.

These are output instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight instructions on Instructions list except ‘Insert Contact’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| '''Contact''' is an example of an input instruction.

There are many such input instructions.

We will learn about different instructions and their behavior later in this series.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can even add multiple input and output instructions in a single '''rung'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 5:

Multiple inputs and Multiple outputs

* Multiple inputs can be connected either in series or in parallel.
* Multiple outputs in series is not preferred.
* We can add multiple outputs in parallel.

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Multiple inputs can be connected either in series or in parallel.
* Whereas, multiple outputs in series is not preferred.
* However, we can add multiple outputs in parallel.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to LDmicro
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Switch back to '''LDmicro'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor below the ‘switch’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| First, we will see how to place input instructions in parallel.

Place the cursor below the '''Contact.'''

We can see the cursor blinking horizontally.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click Instruction >> Insert Contacts
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Insert a '''Contact''' by clicking '''Normal Contact''' icon.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor to the right of the first contact

Click ‘Normal Contact’ icon
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we will see how to place input instructions in series.

We can add another contact in series to the first Contact.

Place the cursor to the right of the first Contact.

Now, we can see the cursor blinking vertically.

Insert '''Contact''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor below the coil

Click on ‘Normal Coil’ icon

Highlight both the coils in parallel
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, we can add '''Coils''' in parallel as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place cursor to the left of the coil in the first rung.

Click on ‘Instructions’

Point ‘Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us try to add two coils in series.

Place the cursor to the left of the coil in the first rung. 

Click on '''Instructions'''.

Notice that we are unable to add coils in series.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight ‘Edit’ in the top menu bar
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can also delete a particular instruction or an entire '''rung'''.

Now let us see how to delete.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the Contact in series with ‘switch’

Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the newly added contact which is in series with the first '''Contact'''.

In the menu bar, Click on ‘'''Edit'''’ 

Click ‘'''Delete Selected element'''’

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Select the Contact in parallel with ‘switch’

Click ‘Edit >> Delete Selected Rung’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, delete the contact in parallel to the first '''Contact''' and '''Coil''' parallel to the first coil.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Edit >> Insert Rung after’

Highlight ‘Insert Rung Before’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll add a new '''rung'''.

Click on '''‘Edit’.''' 

We can see options such as '''Insert Rung after''',''' Insert Rung Before'''.

I’ll select''' Insert Rung after'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Place the cursor on the new rung

Click ‘instructions >> Insert Coil’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now insert a '''coil''' in the newly added '''rung''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Now, we’ll see how to change the default names of these instructions.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the contact

Change the name to ‘switch’

Highlight the other options i.e ‘Input pin’ etc.

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the '''contact.'''

A dialog box opens.

Change its name in the '''Name''' text box to ‘'''switch'''’.

Click on the OK button.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil

Change the name to ‘LED1’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Similarly, change the name of the '''Coil''' in first rung to '''LED1'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Double-click on the Coil

Change the name to ‘LED2’

Click OK
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Change the name of the '''Coil''' in second rung to '''LED2'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the ‘YLED1’ in I/O list
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The reflected names will appear in the '''I/O list'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Point to X and Y
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| We can notice an '''X''' prefixed before the name of the '''Contact''' and '''Y''' for '''Coil'''.

The first letter is prefixed for some instructions by default.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘Help’ >> Click ‘Manual’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us see the manual of LDmicro for prefixed naming convention.

In the menu bar, click on '''Help''' and then '''Manual'''. 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Highlight the prefixes list.
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Scroll down.

Under ‘'''BASICS'''’ we can find the list.

These are the prefixes if we create a variable called '''‘name’.'''

The prefixed letter indicates what kind of object it is.

Close the manual.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Click ‘File -> Save’
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Let us save the file.

Click on '''File''' and then '''‘Save’'''.

Save pop up window appears.

The ladder logic files are saved with the extension '''.ld'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Type sample.ld
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| I’ll save it as '''sample.ld''' in ‘'''LDmicro'''’ folder on the '''Desktop.''' 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. 

Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 8:Summary

* Explore LDmicro interface
* Create a simple ladder logic

| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to

* Explore '''LDmicro''' interface
* Create a simple ladder logic 
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 9:

About Spoken Tutorial project
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 10:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' team:

* conducts workshops and
* gives certificates on passing online tests.

For more details, please write to us

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 11:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| * Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 12:

Forum for specific questions:
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Do you have any general / technical questions on OpenPLC?

Please visit the FOSSEE forum and post your question.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 13:

Acknowledgement
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by MHRD, Government of India.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| Slide 14:

Thank you slide
| style="border:1pt solid #000000;padding:0.176cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay.

And this is Harsha Priyanka from FOSSEE team, signing off.

Thanks for watching.

|}