View source for R/C2/Indexing-and-Slicing-Data-Frames/English

'''Title of script''': Indexing and Slicing Data Frames 

'''Author''': Shaik Sameer (IIIT Vadodara) and Sudhakar Kumar (IIT Bombay)

'''Keywords''': R, RStudio, data frames, indexing, slicing, working directory, video tutorial.


{| style="border-spacing:0;width:18.785cm;"
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| align=center style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1.25pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Visual Cue'''
| align=center style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | '''Narration'''
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide

Opening slide
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Welcome to the spoken tutorial on </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Indexing and Slicing Data Frames'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">. </span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide

Learning Objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In this tutorial, we will learn how to:
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Extract '''rows''' or '''columns''' from a '''data '''frame</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''subset''' from a''' data frame'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Retrieve '''data '''using double square brackets</div>

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide

Pre-requisites

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | To understand this tutorial, you should have knowledge about 
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Data frames''' in''' R''' </div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''R''' '''script '''in '''RStudio '''and</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">How to set '''Working directory''' in''' RStudio'''</div>

If not, please locate the relevant tutorials on '''R''' on this website.
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide

System Specifications
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | This tutorial is recorded on
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''Ubuntu Linux '''OS version''' 16.04'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''R '''version''' 3.2.3'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">'''RStudio''' version''' 1.1.456'''</div>

Install '''R''' version '''3.2.0''' or higher.
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide 

Download Files 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | For this tutorial, we will use the '''data frame CaptaincyData.csv''' and a '''script '''file '''mydataframe.R'''. 

Download these files from the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [Computer screen]

Highlight '''CaptaincyData.csv '''and''' mydataframe.R '''in the folder '''myProject'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | I have downloaded and moved these files to the folder '''myProject''' on my '''Desktop'''. 

I have also set this folder as my '''Working Directory.''' 
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us switch to&nbsp;'''RStudio'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Point to script '''mydataframe.R.'''

Click '''mydataframe.R''' in '''RStudio'''

Point to''' mydataframe.R''' in '''Rstudio.'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us open the '''script mydataframe.R''' in '''RStudio.'''

For this, click on the '''script mydataframe.R''' 

'''Script mydataframe.R '''opens in''' Rstudio.'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

'''captaincy <- read.csv("CaptaincyData.csv")'''

'''View(captaincy)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Here, we have declared a''' variable captaincy''' to store and read '''CaptaincyData.csv'''.

Also, '''View function''' is being used to see the contents of the file.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight''' <-''' symbol in the '''Source''' window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Remember, you may also use '''equal''' to sign in place of '''less than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen'''. 

However, we recommend <span style="color:#434343;">'''l</span>ess than''' symbol followed by '''hyphen'''.

For this, there is a shortcut in '''RStudio'''. 

Suppose we want to assign a value of 2 to a variable named '''testvar'''. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

'''Alt '''+ '''-'''

'''testvar <- 2'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Console''' window, type '''testvar''' and then press 

'''Alt '''and '''-'''('''hyphen''')''' '''keys simultaneously.

Then type 2 and press '''Enter'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''mydataframe.R''' in the '''Source''' window 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us get back to the '''Source''' window. 

Run the '''script''' '''mydataframe.R''' by clicking on the '''Source''' button. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

Highlight third row of '''captaincy '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let us extract the contents of the third row of the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the '''script''' '''mydataframe.R'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

'''captaincy[3,]'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, type '''captaincy '''

Type '''capt''' and press '''Enter '''to make the variable '''captaincy '''autocomplete. Now''' '''within square brackets 3 followed by '''comma. '''And press '''Enter'''. 

Press '''Enter '''key''' '''at the end of every command. 

Remember one of the most important features of '''RStudio '''include intelligent auto-completion of function names, packages, and R objects. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight comma in the '''Source '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">We use a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''comma'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> within square brackets when we wish to extract a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''row'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script '''and execute the current line by pressing '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in the '''Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The third row of the '''captaincy data frame''' is seen in the '''Console''' window. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''comma '''in '''captaincy[3,]'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now, let us run the same '''command''' without a '''comma'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

'''captaincy[3]'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, type '''captaincy '''then''' '''within square brackets 3'''. '''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script '''and run this line only, as shown earlier.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in the '''Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The contents of the third '''column''' of the '''data frame, '''are displayed on the '''Console '''window.
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | So, to extract a '''column''', we shouldn’t use a '''comma''' within the square brackets.

When we extract '''data''' using row number or column number, it is known as numeric indexing. 
|-
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, click on the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

Highlight second and third rows of '''captaincy'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Let us now extract the contents of second and third </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''rows'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> of the </span>'''captaincy''' '''data frame'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]


'''captaincy[c(2,3),]'''


| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">To retrieve more than one </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''row'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">, we use a numeric </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''index vector'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">. Click on the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''script mydataframe.R'''</span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">In the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Source'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> window, type the following command and press </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Enter'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the '''c() function'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''c'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''function '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">is being used to concatenate the second and third </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''rows'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the''' script''' and execute the current line. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in the '''Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The second and third '''rows''' of '''captaincy data frame''' are seen in the '''Console''' window. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, click on the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now, we’ll find who has played 25 matches from the '''played''' column of '''captaincy data frame'''. 

Extracting this type of information is known as logical indexing. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Click on the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''script mydataframe.R'''</span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]


'''captaincy[captaincy$played==25,]'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, type '''captaincy'''

Within square brackets '''captaincy '''dollar sign '''played '''equal to equal to 25 '''comma. '''Press '''Enter'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''dollar '''sign


Highlight two equal to signs 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Remember, '''dollar''' sign allows you to extract '''elements''' by name.<span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#242729;"> </span>

Please note that there is no space between the two equal to signs. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script''' and execute the current line. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in the '''Console '''window 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The details of '''captain Dravid '''are shown in the '''Console''' window.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | click on the '''captaincy data frame''' in '''Source''' window.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, click on the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let us learn how to get the values of any particular '''attribute''' for all the players.

We will fetch the '''names '''of all the captains.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

Highlight first column of '''captaincy '''

'''captaincy[1]'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | For this, we need to know the values in the first '''column'''. 

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Click on the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''script mydataframe.R'''</span>

In the '''Source '''window, type '''captaincy '''and''' '''within square brackets '''1'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight 1 in square brackets 

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Please note that I have not used a '''comma''' inside the square brackets. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script''' and execute the current line. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in the '''Console '''window 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The '''names''' of the captains are seen in the '''Console''' window. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Usually we use column '''names''' instead of column numbers.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

'''captaincy["names"]'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | To know the names of the captains, type '''captaincy. '''

Within square brackets inside double quotes '''names'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script''' and execute the current line. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Point to the names in the '''Console '''window.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Names of the captains are shown in the '''Console''' window. 

Extracting '''data''' by column names is known as name indexing. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the broom icon in the''' Console '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Clear the '''Console''' window by clicking on the broom icon. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, click on the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | cursor in the '''Source''' window.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let us view the names of the captains along with the number of matches they have won.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the '''script mydataframe.R'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

'''captaincy[c("names", "won")]'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, type the following command and press '''Enter'''.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight''' c() '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Here''' c''' '''function '''is used''' '''to concatenate '''names '''and '''won'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight '''names '''and '''won '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Observe that''' names''' and '''won''' have been written within double quotes. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Save the '''script''' and execute this line. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Point to the names of the captains in the''' Console''' window.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The '''names''' of captains and the number of matches '''won '''are seen in the '''Console''' window.
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Now let us extract a '''subset '''from '''captaincy data frame'''.

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">We will create a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''subset'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> of captains,</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">''' '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">who have won more than 30% of their matches. </span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">This is called slicing a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''data frame'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">. </span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | click on the '''captaincy data frame''' in '''Source''' window.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, click on the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

Highlight '''victory '''column of '''captaincy '''in the '''Source '''window
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Please note that there is a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''column'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> named </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''victory'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> in the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''captaincy'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''data frame.'''</span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">For required </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''subset '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">of captains, their victory should be greater than 0.3. </span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

Highlight '''names''', '''played '''and '''won '''columns of '''captaincy'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">For this </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''subset'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">, we shall only show the </span>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">names</span></div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">number of matches </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''played'''</span></div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">number of matches </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''won'''</span></div>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the '''script mydataframe.R'''
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | I will resize the '''Source''' window. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''subData </span><- subset(captaincy, victory > 0.3, select = c("names", "played", "won"))'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">In the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Source '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">window, type </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''the following command'''</span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Now, press </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Enter '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">after the comma followed by 0 point 3. </span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">You can press </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Enter'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> after a</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">''' comma'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> for better visibility. </span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]

Highlight '''select '''

'''print(<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">subData </span>)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">''' select parameter'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> is used to select the required columns, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''names'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''played'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">, and </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''won'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">. </span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">In the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Source '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">window, type </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''print'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> within </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''parentheses subData '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight two lines 

Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Save the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''script'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> and run these two lines. </span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">I am resizing the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Console'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> window to see the output properly. </span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Highlight the output in the '''Console '''window 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''subData '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">is shown in the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Console'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> window.</span>
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the '''captaincy data frame''' in '''Source''' window.
| style="border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In the '''Source '''window, click on the '''captaincy data frame'''. 
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio] 


Highlight the third value of fourth column in '''captaincy '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Finally, let us learn how to extract a particular entry from some </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''column'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> of a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''data frame'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">. </span>


<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">We will extract the third value in the fourth </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''column'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> of the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''captaincy data frame'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">.</span>
|-
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Click on the '''script mydataframe.R'''
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | [RStudio]


'''<nowiki>captaincy[[4]][3]</nowiki>'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">In the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Source '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">window, type </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''captaincy '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">within double square brackets </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''4'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> within single square brackets </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''3'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">. </span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Press '''Ctrl + S''' >> Press '''Ctrl+Enter''' keys.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Save the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''script'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> and execute the current line. </span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Highlight the output in the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Console '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">window</span>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The expected value</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">''' 14'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> is seen in the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Console'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> window.</span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">For more information on </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''indexing '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">and </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''slicing '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">data frames, please refer to the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''Additional materials'''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;"> section on this website.</span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Let us summarize what we have learnt.
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Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | In this tutorial, we have learnt how to:
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Extract rows or columns from a '''data frame'''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''subset''' from a '''data frame '''</div>
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Retrieve data using double square brackets </div>

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Slide 8

Assignment
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We now suggest an assignment.
* <div style="margin-left:1.947cm;margin-right:0cm;">Create a '''subset '''from '''captaincy data frame''' with the captains who have played > 20 matches and lost < 14 matches. </div>

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | Show slide

About the Spoken Tutorial Project
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The video at the following link summarises the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.
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Spoken Tutorial Workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give Certificates.

Please contact us.
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Show Slide</span>

Forum to answer questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Please post your timed queries in this forum.</span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Show Slide</span>

Forum to answer questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Please post your general queries in this forum.</span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Show Slide</span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Textbook Companion</span>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''FOSSEE '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">team coordinates the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">'''TBC '''</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;">project.</span>

<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">For more details, please visit these sites.</span>
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Show Slide</span>

Acknowledgement
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | The Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:none;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">Show Slide</span>

Thank You
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:none;border-bottom:1.25pt solid #000001;border-left:1.25pt solid #000001;border-right:1.25pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.203cm;padding-right:0.191cm;" | <span style="background-color:#ffffff;">The script for this tutorial was contributed by Shaik Sameer (FOSSEE Fellow 2018).</span>


<span style="background-color:#ffffff;">This is Sudhakar Kumar from IIT Bombay signing off. Thanks for watching.</span>
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