View source for PhET/C2/Energy-forms-and-changes/English-timed

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||'''Time'''
||'''Narration'''

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||00:01
|| Welcome to this tutorial on '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation'''.

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||00:07
|| In this tutorial, we will demonstrate '''Energy Forms and Changes''', '''PhET simulation'''. 

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|| 00:15
|| Here I am using: '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version 14.04, 

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|| '''Java''' version 1.7.0, 

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|| '''Firefox Web Browser''' version 53.02.2. 

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|| 00:33
|| To follow this tutorial, learner should be familiar with topics in high-school physics. 

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||00:41
|| Using this '''simulation''', we will learn: 

1. To conserve energy in real-life systems. 

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|| 00:50
||2. To compare thermal conductivity of different objects. 

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|| 00:55
|| 3. About different forms of energy. 

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||00:58
|| Using this '''simulation''', we will:  

1. Predict how energy flows when objects are heated or cooled. 

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|| 01:07
|| 2. Design energy systems. 

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|| 01:10
||3. Study how energy changes from one form to another. 

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|| 01:15
|| Energy is the capacity to do work on objects. 

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|| It is a '''scalar''' quantity. 

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|| In '''SI system''', it is measured in '''joules'''. 

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|| Energy exists in nature in several forms such as- 

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|| mechanical energy, 

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|| electrical energy, 

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|| thermal energy,

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|| Light energy and 

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|| chemical energy. 

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|| 01:45
|| Use the given '''link''' to download the '''simulation'''. 

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|| 01:50
|| I have already downloaded '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' to my '''Downloads''' folder. 

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|| 01:57
|| To '''run''' the '''simulation''', open the '''terminal'''. 

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|| 02:01
|| At the '''prompt''', type: '''cd Downloads''' and press '''Enter'''. 

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|| Then type: '''java space hyphen jar space energy hyphen forms hyphen and hyphen changes underscore en dot jar''' and press '''Enter'''. 

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|| 02:24
|| '''Energy Forms and Changes simulation''' opens. 

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||02:28
|| The '''simulation''' screen has 2 tabs at the top- '''Intro''' and '''Energy Systems'''. 

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|| By default, '''Intro''' screen opens. 

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|| '''Intro''' screen helps to predict how thermal energy flows when objects are heated or cooled. 

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||02:47
|| Left side of the '''screen''' has a set of three thermometers. 

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|| Right side of the screen has '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 

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|| Click on '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 

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|| Energy chunks will appear in '''Iron''' block, '''Brick''' block and '''Water''' container. 

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|| Number of chunks is proportional to amount of energy in each of the objects. 

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|| In this set up, the energy transfer is in the form of thermal energy. 

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|| There are two heat '''regulator'''s to heat or cool the system. 

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|| Heat regulators are provided with stands. 

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||03:28
|| At the bottom of the screen, we have '''Normal''' and '''Fast Forward''' radio-buttons to control the speed of '''animation''', 

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|| '''Play''' / '''Pause''' button, 

'''Step''' button and 

'''Reset All''' button. 

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|| Drag the '''Water''' container onto the stand. 

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|| Drag and attach the thermometer to the container. 

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|| Now drag and hold the '''slider''' of the heat regulator upwards to heat the water. 

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|| As the temperature increases, water evaporates and vapors are observed. 

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|| Also, observe that energy chunks escape into the atmosphere. 

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|| Next, drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator downwards to cool the water. 

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|| As the temperature decreases water freezes and becomes ice. 

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|| Drag and place the container on the '''workbench'''. 

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|| Now drag the '''Iron''' block and place it on the first stand. 

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|| Drag and place the thermometer on the '''Iron''' block. 

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|| Move the '''Brick''' block and '''Water''' container to a side. 

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|| Before you start heating, note the number of energy chunks in the '''Iron''' block. 

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|| Observe the temperature on the thermometer. 

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|| Drag and hold the slider of the heat regulator upwards to heat the '''Iron''' block. 

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|| Observe that energy from heat is transferred to '''Iron''' block in the form of chunks. 

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|| Here internal energy of '''Iron''' block increases. 

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|| This is due to the flow of heat from the heat source to '''Iron''' block. 

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||05:13
|| Observe that some chunks from '''Iron''' block escape into the atmosphere. 

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|| This results in decrease in the temperature of '''Iron''' block. 

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|| 05:25
|| Again heat the '''Iron''' block to maximum temperature. 

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|| Drag and place the heated '''Iron''' block in the '''Water''' container. 

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|| Energy chunks travel from hot '''Iron''' block into water. 

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|| This results in, decrease in the temperature of '''Iron''' Block. 

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|| Water becomes hot and its temperature increases. 

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|| This heat transfer process continues till objects reach thermal equilibrium. 

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|| 05:55
|| Let us choose '''Fast Forward''' option to make the process faster. 

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|| 06:03
|| Now again place the '''Iron''' block on the heat regulator. 

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|| Drag and hold the slider down to cool the '''Iron''' block. 

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|| Cool the '''Iron''' block until thermometer reaches its minimum temperature. 

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||06:19
|| Again place the cooled '''Iron''' block in '''Water''' container. 

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|| 06:23
|| Note the temperature changes and energy chunks transformation. 

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||06:29
|| Now place both the blocks on to the stands. 

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|| Drag and place the thermometer on the '''Brick''' block. 

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|| Heat the blocks one by one until you will see maximum rise in temperatures. 

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|| Wait till thermal equilibrium is established. Observe the decrease in temperatures. 

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||06:53
||Observe that '''Iron''' block has more number of energy chunks than '''Brick''' block. 

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|| 06:59
|| This indicates that '''Iron''' has more thermal conductivity than '''Brick'''. 

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|| 07:05
|| As an assignment, 

Heat '''Iron''' block and '''Brick''' block at the same time. 

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|| 07:13
|| Place heated '''Iron''' block above the heated '''Brick''' block.  And explain the observation. 

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|| 07:20
|| Now we will move on to '''Energy Systems''' screen. 

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|| Click on '''Energy Systems''' tab. 

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|| '''Energy Systems''' screen opens. 

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|| This screen gives an idea about conservation of energy from everyday life. 

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|| Screen at the bottom has a set of- Energy sources 

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|| Electrical energy generation systems and Receivers. 

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|| '''Reset All''' button is available at the bottom right corner of the screen. 

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|| By default screen has a set up of- Faucet as energy source, 

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|| Turbine as electrical energy generation system and  '''Water''' container with thermometer as a receiver. 

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|| Click on '''Energy Symbols''' check-box. 

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|| '''Forms of Energy''' panel will display. 

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|| '''Forms of Energy''' panel helps you to identify the various forms of energy. 

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|| Now drag the blue slider to turn on the faucet. 

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|| Notice that water flowing from faucet has mechanical energy. 

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|| This mechanical energy turns the turbine which creates Electrical energy. 

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|| This energy causes the temperature of the water to increase. 

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|| As the temperature increases water evaporates and vapours are observed. 

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|| 08:51
|| It gives off more thermal energy into the atmosphere. 

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|| 08:56
|| Here energy is conserved as total energy of the system remains constant. 

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|| 09:02
|| Let's set up another energy system. 

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|| 09:06
|| Here we will select Sun as a energy source. 

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|| 09:11
|| Replace the turbine with solar panel. 
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|| 09:14
|| Now instead of '''Water''' container, select incandescent bulb. 

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|| In this system, initially their is no cloud. 

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|| 09:24
|| Here the sun is the source of Light energy. 

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||This light energy is absorbed by the solar panel to create electrical energy. 

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|| This electrical energy causes the bulb to glow. 

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|| The incandescent bulb converts electrical energy into, a lot of Thermal energy and very little Light energy. 

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|| 09:47
|| This is because the filament gets heated up. 

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|| 09:51
|| Next replace the incandescent bulb with the fluorescent bulb. 

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|| 09:56
|| Observe the energy output of fluorescent bulb. 

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||Notice that, The fluorescent bulb releases more Light energy and less Thermal energy. 

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|| 10:07
|| Therefore fluorescent bulb is more efficient. 

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|| 10:11
|| Now let's see the effect of clouds on solar panel. 

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|| 10:15
|| Drag the '''Clouds''' slider gradually from '''None''' to '''Lots'''. 

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|| 10:20
|| As you drag the slider, clouds appear. 

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||10:24
||Due to the presence of clouds light energy does not reach the solar panel. 

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|| 10:30
|| So generation of electrical energy stops. 

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||10:34
|| As an assignment, 

Select '''cycle-generator system'''. 

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|| 10:41
|| Explain why the cyclist must be fed in order to continue to pedal. 

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|| Set up different systems and let it run for a while. 

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|| 10:52
|| Observe the energy transformations in each system and tabulate your observations. 

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|| 10:59
|| Let us summarize. 

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|| 11:02
|| In this tutorial we have demonstrated, How to use '''Energy Forms and Changes''', '''PhET simulation'''. 

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|| 11:11
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have learnt, 

1. To conserve energy in real-life systems. 
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|| 11:19
||2. To compare thermal conductivity of different objects.

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|| 11:24
||3. About different forms of energy. 

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|| 11:27
|| Using this '''simulation''' we have, 

4. Predicted how energy flows when objects are heated or cooled. 

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|| 11:35
||5. Designed energy systems. 

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|| 11:38
||6. Studied how energy changes from one form to another. 

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|| 11:43
|| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project. 

Please download and watch it. 

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|| 11:52
|| The Spoken Tutorial Project team: conducts workshops using spoken tutorials and 

Gives certificates on passing online tests. 

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|| 12:01
|| For more details, please write to us. 

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|| 12:05
|| Please post your timed queries on this forum. 

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|| 12:09
|| This project is partially funded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching. 

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||12:17
|| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India. 

More information on this mission is available at this link. 

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|| 12:29
|| This is Meenal Ghoderao from IIT-Bombay. Thank you for joining. 
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