View source for Arduino/C3/Assembly-programming-through-Arduino/English


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Narration'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 1:

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the spoken tutorial on''' Assembly programming through Arduino.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning objectives

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to:

* Interface a''' seven-segment Display''' to''' Arduino board''' 
* Write an assembly program to display a digit on '''seven-segment display '''and
* Display a digit on the '''seven segment display''' using '''7447 IC.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 3:

Pre-requisites


| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of :

* '''Electronics '''and
* '''Assembly language'''

Refer to the '''Additional reading material '''link of this tutorial to know more about:

* '''Arduino - Assembly code reference '''and
* '''Arduino ATmega328 Pin mapping.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 4:

System Requirement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using:

* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Ubuntu Linux '''operating system version 14.04

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5:

External Devices

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We also require some external devices such as:

* '''Breadboard'''
* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Common Anode Seven-Segment Display'''
* '''220 ohm Resistor'''
* '''Decoder 7447 IC'''
* '''Jumper Wires'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image:

Seven-segment display

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this experiment we will use the '''common anode seven segment display.'''

Please refer to the basic level tutorial of this series to know more about '''seven segment display'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the connection circuit details.

The '''Dot pin''' of the '''Seven Segment Display''' is connected to the '''pin 13''' of '''Arduino'''. 

Any one of the '''COM pins '''is connected to the +5V through a 220 '''ohm resistor'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Refer the '''pin mapping''' for '''Arduino '''and '''microcontroller.''' 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the live connection
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is the live setup of the connection.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the Dot in the diagram
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write an '''assembly program''' to turn on the '''Dot LED''' on the '''seven segment display'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide: '''Software Setup'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We need to install an '''assembler AVRA '''and '''AVRDUDE'''.

'''AVRA''' is an '''assembler''' that will generate a '''hex '''file.

'''AVRDUDE''' is used to upload any '''hex '''file to the '''Arduino board'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Press '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open the '''terminal '''by pressing '''Ctrl + Alt + T''' keys together.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type

> sudo apt-get install avra dude
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To install '''avra''' and '''avrdude''', type

'''sudo space apt hyphen get space install space avra space avrdude'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff; :1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Enter the '''administrative password''' if prompted and press '''Enter.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Press ‘Y’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the installation process has begun.

Press ''''Y'''' wherever there is a prompt during the installation, to confirm the configuration.

Installation will take some time to complete depending upon the internet speed.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the prompt
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see that the installation has been completed successfully.

Let us clear the screen.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now let us connect the''' Arduino board''' to the computer.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Installing AVRA
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To check the '''port''' number of '''Arduino''', I'll type 

'''ls space forward slash dev forward slash ttyACM asterisk'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''ttyACM0'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output as 

'''forward slash dev forward slash ttyACM0'''

Here''' ttyACM0''' represents the '''port''' number of '''Arduino'''.

You may get a different '''port''' number. Make a note of your '''port''' number.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 6:

Def files for ATmega328P

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Download '''m328Pdef.inc '''file from the '''Code files''' link of this tutorial.

We need to include this '''library''' file in the first line of the source code.

This allows the user to use '''Register''' and '''Bit name '''when writing '''assembly programs'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us write an '''assembly program '''and upload it to the '''microcontroller'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open gedit text editor
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any text editor and type the following.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight according to narration:'''

<nowiki>;program to turn on the Dot LED</nowiki>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Semicolon''' represents '''comment statements'''. 

These '''statements''' are ignored by the '''assembler''' and are not executed.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| .include "/home/spoken/Assembly/m328Pdef.inc"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line tells the '''assembler''' to include the '''m328Pdef.inc file.'''

We had downloaded this file earlier and in my computer this is the path.

Note that we have to specify the entire '''file path.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>; Configure pin 13 on Arduino as Output 5:10 ,8:18</nowiki>

ldi r16, 0b00100000


| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''ldi''' stands for '''"load immediate" '''

This sets '''pin PB5''', that is digital '''pin 13''' as output.

It tells the '''assembler''' to take a working '''register r16''' and load a '''binary number '''into it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| out DDRB, r16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line tells the '''compiler''' to copy the contents of the '''register r16 '''into the '''DDRB register.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>; Making pin 13 LOW</nowiki>

ldi r17, 0b00000000
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This sets all the pins to '''0 volts '''except '''pin PB5''', (i.e '''digital pin 13''') which is set to '''5 volts. '''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| out PortB, r17
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This line copies the same '''binary number''' from our storage '''register r17 '''to '''PortB.''' 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Start:

Rjmp Start
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Relative jump statement''' executes the '''program''' in an '''infinite loop.''' 

The '''program''' has to just keep running, in order for the '''LED''' to remain '''ON'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save the code as '''dot hyphen blink.asm''' file in the '''home slash spoken slash Assembly''' folder.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This code is available in the '''Code files '''link of this tutorial, as well. 

You can download and use it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the terminal.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

> cd /home/spoken/Assembly

> avra dot-blink.asm
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Go to the folder where '''dot hyphen blink.asm '''file is saved.

Type, '''avra space dot hyphen blink.asm''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the /home/spoken/Assembly folder
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This will assemble the code and create a file '''dot hyphen blink.hex'''.

Let us see the '''dot hyphen blink.hex''' file that is generated in the same folder.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next we need to upload the code to '''Arduino'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

'''avrdude -p atmega328p -c arduino -b 115200 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:dot-blink.hex'''

'''3:45'''

'''7:06,2:00,6:22'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| For this, type

'''avrdude space hyphen p space atmega328p space hyphen c arduino space hyphen b space 115200 space hyphen capital P space forward slash dev forward slash ttyACM0 space hyphen capital U space flash colon w colon dot hyphen blink dot hex '''

Here''' ttyACM0''' represents the '''port''' number of '''Arduino'''.

'''dot hyphen blink.hex''' is the file that is generated.

and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that the '''Dot LED''' in the '''seven segment''' is glowing.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 7: 

Assignment 1
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the tutorial and do the below assignment.

* Modify the same code to turn off the '''Dot LED.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, we will display the digit 2 on the '''seven segment display'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the diagram


| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To display '2', '''a,b,d,e,g segments '''should be high and the other '''LEDS''' should be low.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Connect '''Pins a, b, c, d, e, f '''and '''g''' of the '''seven-segment display''' to '''pins 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7''' and '''8''' of '''Arduino'''.

The two '''common pins''' are connected to +5V through '''resistors'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| show the connection
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the live connection setup.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the source code for this program.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| open gedit
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Open any text editor and type the following code. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| .include "/home/spoken/Assembly

/m328Pdef.inc"

Highlight 4 lines
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| As seen earlier, we should first configure the '''pins''' as '''output''' first.

Then make it as high or low according to our requirement.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>;Configure pins 2-7 on Arduino as Output</nowiki>

ldi r16, 0b11111100

out DDRD, r16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| These two lines makes the '''bits 2 to 7 '''on''' PORT D '''as output.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>; Configure pin 8 on Arduino as Output</nowiki>

ldi r16, 0b00000001

out DDRB, r16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| These two lines makes '''bit 0''' on '''PORT B '''as output.

These '''bits''' corresponds to the '''digital pins 2 to 8 '''on '''Arduino'''. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>;Writing number 2 on Seven Segment Display</nowiki>

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here, we are making the '''pins''' as high or low corresponding to whatever number we want to display.

In our case, it is digit two.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the code

ldi r17, 0b10010000

out PortD, r17

ldi r17, 0b00000000

out PortB, r17


Start:

Rjmp Start
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here, we are writing '''0100100''' to digital '''pins 2 '''to '''8 '''of '''Arduino'''.

This will make all the segments of '''SSD''' low, except''' c '''and '''g. '''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| save the file as two.asm
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us save this as '''two.asm''' file.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal'''. 

Let us clear the screen.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''avra two.asm''' and press Enter.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''avra space two.asm''' and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| type

'''avrdude -p atmega328p -c arduino -b 115200 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:two.hex'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To upload, press the up arrow to get the previous command. 

Now change the filename as shown and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now you can see that the digit 2 in the '''seven segment''' is glowing.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 8:

Assignment 2
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the tutorial and do the below assignment.

* Modify the above code to display any other digit from 0 to 9.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, we will use a '''Decoder '''to display the number 5 on the '''Seven Segment Display'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 9:

Show the image of the decoder:
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|  

We are using '''7447 IC.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 10:

Show the pin image of 7447 IC

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''a complement '''to''' f complement pins''' of the '''decoder''' connect to the '''a''' to '''f pins''' of '''Seven Segment Display'''.

'''Vcc''' and the '''GND pins '''of the '''decoder''' are connected to '''+5V''' and the '''GND pins '''of '''Arduino.'''

Connect the''' A, B,C,D pins''' of the '''Decoder''' to '''pins 2,3,4,5''' of '''Arduino.'''

Note that this '''decoder''' is compatible only with '''common anode seven segment display.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the setup 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the live connection setup.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the image of the table:

D C B A Decimal

0 1 0 1 5
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' input pins''' of the '''decoder''' are '''A,B,C''' and '''D'''.

'''A''' being the '''lowest significant bit (LSB) '''and '''D '''being the''' most significant bit (MSB)'''.

For example, the number 5 is visible on the display when the '''A,B,C '''and '''D inputs''' are as shown here.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| open gedit
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the source code for this program.

Open any text editor and type the following code.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|    

.include "/home/user/m328Pdef.inc"

<nowiki>;Configure pins 2,3,4 and 5 on Arduino as Output</nowiki>

ldi r16, 0b00111100

out DDRD, r16
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The first two lines makes the '''bits 2''' to '''5''' on '''PORT D''' as output.

This means we are making digital '''pins 2''' to '''5 '''in '''Arduino '''as '''output pins.'''

'''2 to 5 pins '''in the '''Arduino '''are connected to '''A, B, C, D pins '''of '''decoder.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>;Writing number 5 on Seven Segment Display</nowiki>

ldi r16, 0b00010100

out PORTD, r16

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The next two lines are giving input of '''0101''' to decoder inputs.

This will then be decoded as 5 in the '''seven segment display'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Start:

Rjmp Start
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save it as '''decoder.asm''' file.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Save it as '''decoder.asm''' file.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the terminal.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the '''terminal'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''avra decoder.asm''' and press Enter.
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, '''avra space decoder.asm''' and press '''Enter'''.
 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| type

'''avrdude -p atmega328p -c arduino -b 115200 -P /dev/ttyACM0 -U flash:w:decoder.hex'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To upload, press the up arrow to get the previous command. 

Now change the filename as shown and press '''Enter'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we can see that the digit five in the '''seven segment''' is glowing.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 11:

Summary
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to:

* Interface a''' Seven-segment Display''' to''' Arduino board''' and
* Write an '''assembly program''' to display a digit on '''seven-segment display.'''
* Display a digit on the '''seven segment display''' using '''7447 IC.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 12:

About Spoken Tutorial project

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 13:

Spoken Tutorial workshops
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team:

* conducts workshops and gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 14:

Forum for specific questions
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.078cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 15:

Acknowledgement

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at this link.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.071cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by '''FOSSEE '''and''' Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay'''. &nbsp;

This is Priya from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thanks for joining.

|}