View source for Python-3.4.3/C2/Getting-started-with-strings/English

'''Python/C2/Getting Started with Strings/English''''''Title of script''': '''Getting Started with Strings'''

'''Author: Trupti Kini'''


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <center>'''Visual Cue'''</center>
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <center>'''Narration'''</center>

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containing title, name of the production team along with the logo of MHRD 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Hello Friends. Welcome to the tutorial on "'''Getting Started with Strings'''". 

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide 

Objectives 

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| At the end of this tutorial, you will learn to, 

# Define strings in different ways. 
# Concatenate strings. 
# Print a string repeatedly. 
# Access individual elements of the string. 

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show slide

System Specifications 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To record this tutorial, I am using 

* '''Ubuntu Linux 16.04''' operating system
* '''Python 3.4.3''' and
* '''IPython 5.1.0'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide 

Pre-requisites
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To practise this tutorial, you should know how to 

* run basic '''Python '''commands on the '''ipython console'''

If not, see the pre-requisite '''Python '''tutorials on this website.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide 

What are Strings?

In '''Python,''' any character within a '''single/ double/ triple quotes '''is''' '''a''' string.'''

'This is a string'

“This is a string too”

‘’’This can be a large string’’’
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| What are '''strings'''? 

In '''Python,''' any character within a '''single/ double/ triple quotes '''is''' '''a''' string.'''

For example: 

Single, double, and triple '''quotes''' can be used to denote a '''string '''as shown here.

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What are Strings?
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Strings''' in triple '''quotes''' can be written in multiple '''lines'''.

We can also define empty '''strings'''.

'''String''' is a collection of characters which cannot be modified after it is created.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Terminal]</nowiki>

'''ipython3'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.014cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us first open the '''Terminal '''by pressing '''Ctrl+Alt+T '''keys simultaneously. 

Type '''ipython3''' and press '''Enter'''. 

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.014cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython console]</nowiki>

'''%pylab '''and press '''Enter.'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.014cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us initialise the '''pylab''' package.

Type '''%pylab '''and press''' Enter.'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython Terminal]</nowiki> Type

'''a = 'Hello, World!' '''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us clear the terminal.

We can assign a '''string''' to a '''variable '''called '''a.''' 

Type '''a '''''is equal to inside any quotes'' '''Hello''' ''comma'' '''World''' '''exclamation mark '''and

Press '''Enter'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython Terminal]</nowiki>

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now let us learn string concatenation.

Let us assign strings to variables.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type '''x = 'Hello' '''

'''y = 'World''''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type 

'''x ''is equal to''' inside quotes'' '''Hello'''

Press '''Enter'''

'''y ''is equal to''' inside quotes'' '''World'''

Press '''Enter'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type '''z = x + ', ' + y + '!''''

'''print(z)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, let us add the two strings.

'''z ''is equal to ''x plus''' ''inside quotes'' '''comma plus y plus''' ''inside quotes '''exclamation mark.'''''

Press '''Enter'''

'''print''' ''inside parentheses'' '''z'''

Press '''Enter'''

Here '''x '''and '''y''' are '''string variables'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight +
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''addition''' '''operation''' performs the '''concatenation''' of two '''strings'''. 

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''Hello, World!'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here we can see the output of string concatenation.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type '''clear'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us clear the '''terminal'''.

What if we multiply a string with an integer?

Let us find out!
|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython Terminal]</nowiki>

Press Up arrow till we get '''x'''

Type '''x * 5'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"|Recall''' x''' string.

Press '''Enter'''

'''x '''''multiplied by'' '''5'''

Press '''Enter'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Ipython Terminal 

Highlight '''HelloHelloHelloHelloHello'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''string''' '''Hello''' is repeated 5 times after '''multiplying'''. 

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Exercise 1 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the video. Try this exercise and then resume the video.

Obtain the '''string''' as shown without '''typing''' out all the twenty '''hyphens'''. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython Terminal]</nowiki> Type,

'''s = "%% " + "-"*20 + "%%"'''

'''print(s)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the terminal for solution.

Type,

'''s ''is equal to''' inside quotes'' '''two percentages ''plus''' inside quotes '''hyphen multiplied by'' twenty ''plus''' inside quotes'' ''' two percentages'''

Press '''Enter'''

'''print''' ''inside parentheses '' '''s'''

Press '''Enter'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let's now look at '''accessing''' individual '''elements''' of '''strings'''. 

We can access individual '''elements''' in the '''string''' using the '''subscripts.''' 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython Terminal]</nowiki>

Press Up arrow till we get '''a'''

'''<nowiki>Type a[0] </nowiki>'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us clear the '''terminal'''.

Recall '''a.'''

Press '''Enter'''.

Type,

'''a '''''inside square brackets'' '''zero''' press '''Enter''', gives us the first '''character''' of the '''string'''. 

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The '''indexing''' starts from 0 and goes up to '''(n-1)'''.

where 'n' is the total number of '''characters''' in a '''string'''. 

We can '''access''' the '''strings''' from the end using '''negative indices.'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[IPython Terminal]</nowiki>

'''<nowiki>Type a[-1] </nowiki>'''

'''<nowiki>Type a[-2]</nowiki>'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''a '''''inside square brackets '''''minus one'' '''''gives us the last '''element''' of the '''string''' i.e. '''exclamation mark'''

'''a '''''inside square brackets '''''minus two''' gives us the second '''element''' from the end of the '''string''' i.e. '''d'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Exercise 2

s = “Hello World”

what is the output of 

'''<nowiki>s[-5]</nowiki>'''

'''<nowiki>s[-10]</nowiki>'''

'''<nowiki>s[-15] </nowiki>'''

'''<nowiki>s[15]</nowiki>'''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Pause the video. Try this exercise and then resume the video.

Given a string, '''s''' which is '''Hello World''', what is the output of the following



|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Ipython Terminal]</nowiki>Type

'''s = "Hello World”'''

'''<nowiki>s[-5]</nowiki>'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.

Let us clear the '''terminal'''.

Type

'''s ''is equal to''' inside quotes'' ''' Hello World '''press '''Enter'''

'''s '''''inside square brackets '''minus'' five''' gives '''W '''

Similarly we will get '''e '''<nowiki>for s[-10].</nowiki>

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Ipython Terminal]</nowiki>

'''<nowiki>Type s[-15]</nowiki>''' 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''s '''''inside square brackets '''''minus 15''' gives us an '''IndexError. '''


Since the string given to us is only 11 '''characters''' long. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Ipython Terminal]</nowiki>

'''<nowiki>Type s[15]</nowiki>''' 
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''s '''''inside square brackets '''''15 '''again gives '''IndexError '''for the same reason.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Ipython Terminal]</nowiki>

Press Up arrow till we get '''x'''
Type

'''x<nowiki>[0] = '</nowiki>B''''

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us attempt to change one of the '''characters''' in a '''string'''.

Let us clear the '''terminal'''.

Recall '''x'''

Press '''Enter'''

Let us manipulate '''x.'''

'''x ''' ''inside square brackets '' '''zero ''equal to''' inside quotes '' '''B '''press '''Enter'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Highlight the error'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Why do we get an error?

Initially the value of '''x[0]''' is '''‘H’'''.

Now we are trying to assign another value '''‘B’''' to '''x[0]'''.

Recall, strings cannot be modified after it is created.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show slide '''split()''' and''' join()''' functions

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can split and join the strings by using the functions :

'''split()''' and''' join()'''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show slide

Syntax for''' join()'''

'''str.join(sequence)'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To join a string, the syntax is 

'''str ''dot join''' inside parentheses'' '''sequence'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Ipython Terminal]</nowiki>

s = “-”

seq = ("a", "b", "c")

print (s.join( seq ))

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''.

Let us clear the '''terminal'''

Type

'''s ''is equal to''' inside quotes '''hyphen '''''press '''Enter'''

'''seq ''is equal to''' inside parentheses '' '''a ''comma ''b ''comma '' c '''press '''Enter'''

'''print s ''dot'' join''' inside parentheses '''seq '''press '''Enter'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''a-b-c'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We will get output as '''a '''''hyphen '''''b '''''hyphen '''''c'''

It has joined '''a, b, c''' with '''hyphen'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show slide syntax for '''split()''' 

str.split()
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To split a string, syntax is

'''str dot split '''''open and close parentheses ''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| <nowiki>[Ipython Terminal]</nowiki>

str = "Line1-abcdef \nLine2-abc \nLine4-abcd";print (str.split( ))

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the '''terminal'''

Type as shown press '''Enter'''


'''print str dot split''' ''open and close parentheses'' press '''Enter'''

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight '''['Line1-abcdef', 'Line2-abc', 'Line4-abcd']'''
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We get the output like this.

It has split the strings at '''spaces'''.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Summary slide 

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. 

In this tutorial, we have learnt to,''' '''

* Define strings in different ways. 
* Concatenate strings. 
* Print a string repeatedly and
* Access individual elements of the string. 

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Evaluation 

# Write code to assign the string ’ is called the apostrophe, to a variable s 
# How will you change s='hello' to s='Hello'. 
# The variables s and t are strings and r is integer.

s=”Hello”

t=”World”

r=2

What is the output of s * r + t * r? 

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve 

# Write code to assign the string ’ is called the apostrophe, to variable s 
# How will you change '''s''' ''is equal to '''hello' to '''s''' ''is equal to capital '''h Hello'. 
# The variables '''s''' and '''t''' are strings and '''r''' is integer.

They are assigned with the values as shown below,
What is the output of '''s''' ''multiplied by'' '''r''''' plus'' '''t''' ''multiplied by'' '''r'''? 

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Solutions 

| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| And the answers, 

# The given string can be assigned in this manner 
# Strings cannot be manipulated after it is assigned a value
# The operation '''s''' ''multiplied by'' '''r''''' plus'' '''t''' ''multiplied by'' '''r''' will print each of the two words twice as '''HelloHelloWorldWorld '''

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Forum
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Fossee Forum
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your general queries on Python in this forum.

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Textbook Companion
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| FOSSEE team coordinates the TBC project.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Acknowledgment

http://spoken-tutorial.org
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial Project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Govt. of India.

For more details, visit this website.

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| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Slide

Thank You
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:0.5pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This is Trupti Kini from IIT Bombay signing off.

Thank you.

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