View source for Arduino/C2/Arduino-with-LCD/English

'''Title of script''':''' Arduino with LCD '''

'''Author:''' Manivel and Nirmala Venkat

'''Keywords:''' Arduino UNO board, Arduino IDE, Compile and upload, LCD, Video tutorials


{| style="border-spacing:0;"
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Visual Cue'''
| style="background-color:#c0c0c0;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Narration'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 1:

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Welcome to the''' Spoken Tutorial''' on''' Interfacing Arduino with LCD.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 2:

Learning objectives

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we will learn to:

* Connect an''' LCD''' to''' Arduino''' board
* Write a program to display a text message on the '''LCD'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 3:

Pre-requisites

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| To follow this tutorial, you should have:

* Basic knowledge of''' Electronics '''and
* Basic knowledge of''' C''' or''' C++''' programming language

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 4:

System Requirement

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here I am using:

* '''Arduino UNO Board'''
* '''Ubuntu Linux 14.04''' operating system
* '''Arduino IDE'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5(a):

External devices

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We also require some external devices such as:
* '''LCD 16 by 2 '''
* '''Potentiometer'''
* '''Breadboard'''
* '''Pin header'''
* '''Jumper Wires'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 5(b);

External devices

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| * '''Soldering Iron'''
* '''Soldering Stand '''
* '''Soldering Lead'''
* '''Soldering Paste'''<br/> 
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, let us see the details of the circuit connection.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show Image of LCD Pins
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here we see that there are 16 '''pins''' in the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin 1 or GND and Pin 2 or VCC

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Pin 1''' is the '''ground''' pin represented by '''GND.'''

'''Pin 2''' is the power supply pin of 5 '''volts''' which is represented by '''VCC'''.
|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin 3 (VO)
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''VO''' is the '''LCD''' contrast pin. Here you have to connect a '''potentiometer'''.

This will allow a variable '''voltage''' to control the contrast of the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin 4 – RS

Text to be displayed:

Pin (High) – writing data to the LCD

Pin(Low) – Instructions or Commands
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''RS''' stands for '''Register Select.'''

It can be used as a '''command register''' or a '''data register. '''

'''Command register''' is used for placing the command to be displayed. 

And the '''data register '''is used to place the data.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin 5 – RW

Text to be displayed:

Pin(High) – Read from LCD

Pin(Low) – Write to LCD
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''RW''' is a '''Read Write '''pin.

We can either read data from the '''LCD''' or write to the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin 6 – Enable pin
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''E''' represents the '''Enable''' pin. This enables '''LCD''' to accept information.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin D0-D7

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| These are '''data''' pins.

The data and commands are sent to the '''LCD''' through these pins.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to Pin 15-16

Text to be displayed:

Pin 15 - Anode of the back light LCD

Pin 16 - Cathode of the back light LED 

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| These are''' LCD Backlight '''pins.

These are used to power the '''LCD''', control the display contrast, turn on or off the '''LCD backlight''' etc.

Pin 15 is the '''Anode''' of the '''backlight LCD.'''

Pin 16 is the '''Cathode''' of the '''backlight LCD.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| So far, we have seen the pin details of the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us switch to the '''soldering''' stations to see how we can do the '''soldering'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Here, we have:

* 16 by 2 '''LCD'''
* This means, it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.
* '''Extension pin''' which needs to be soldered to '''LCD''' so that we can connect easily to the '''breadboard'''
* '''Soldering''' '''iron''' which is already powered
* '''Solder''' '''paste'''
* '''Solder wire'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| First, put the external pin on the '''LCD,''' as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, apply the '''solder''' paste to the tip of the external pins, as shown in the video.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Then connect it again.

Place the '''LCD''' with the external pin firmly on the flat surface, as shown.

Then it will not shake while we do the '''soldering'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Take the '''solder''' rod with little paste and touch the tip of the wire, as shown.

Hold it for few seconds so that the wire melts and apply to the external pin, as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| I have done '''soldering''' for two pins. See the close up of the '''soldering''' done for the two pins.

Likewise, do the '''soldering''' for the rest of the pins.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us now switch to the circuit diagram for this experiment.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Potentiometer''' is connected as shown to control the contrast of the '''LCD'''.

'''Potentiometer''' is a small sized electronic component used to measure voltage.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Pin''' number 11 is connected to '''enable''' and '''pin''' number 12 is connected to '''register select.'''

'''Read write pin''' is connected to '''ground''' which means we are writing to the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| point to data pins
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We are using only 4 data lines for our experiment.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| I have setup the '''Arduino''' and '''LCD,''' as per the circuit diagram.

Our aim is to write two '''strings''' on the '''LCD''' display.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to Arduino IDE
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now we will write the program in the '''Arduino IDE.'''

Switch to '''Arduino IDE'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| First we will go through the reference manual for the '''Liquid crystal library.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click Help >> reference
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In the '''Menu''' bar, click '''Help''' and then '''reference'''. 

This will open an offline page. 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on '''Reference >> Libraries'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Under '''Reference''' section, click on '''Libraries'''. 

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Scroll down

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Then scroll down to see the available '''standard''' '''libraries'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on '''LiquidCrystal'''.

Highlight the instruction
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on '''LiquidCrystal'''.

Read the description to know more about the available '''functions'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the manual and then show the circuit diagram 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| It says, it works with 4 bit or 8 bit data lines.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the manual
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Next, let us see the '''LiquidCrystal function''' and its parameters.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on '''LiquidCrystal''' function.
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| It is always a good practice to refer to the manual for its '''functions'''.

Click on '''LiquidCrystal function.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the 8 bit and then the 4 bit
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The syntax shows how it is used for 8 bit or 4 bit.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the First line in the syntax heading
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| For our experiment, we will use the first line syntax.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the Arduino IDE
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch to the''' Arduino IDE.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| First we will include the '''Liquid crystal library '''here.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click Sketch>>Include Library >> LiquidCrystal

Point to the inserted file
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In the '''Menu''' bar, click '''Sketch''' and '''Include Library.'''

Then select '''LiquidCrystal.'''

This will insert the''' LiquidCrystal.h '''file, as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2)
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, type the code as shown.

Let me explain the parameters.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to lcd variable
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''lcd''' is a variable of '''type Liquid crystal.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to first parameter
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| First parameter is '''Register Select.'''

'''Register Select''' is connected to pin 12 of '''Arduino board.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to second parameter
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Second parameter is '''Enable. '''It is connected to pin 11.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to next 4 parameters
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The next 4 parameters are data lines of '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the source code
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| d4, d5, d6 and d7 of '''LCD''' are connected to pin 5, 4, 3 and 2 of the '''Arduino board.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the source code
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We are initializing the library with '''pins.'''

This line of code can be outside the''' void setup function'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type lcd.begin
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In the '''void setup function''', we will write the initial setups required for the experiment.

There is a '''function''' called '''begin'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the reference manual.
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us see the manual for the description and the parameters for this '''function'''.

Switch back to the reference manual.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the description and read it.
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The manual says-

# Initializes the interface to the '''LCD''' screen.

# Specifies the dimensions (width and height) of the display.

# Needs to be called before any other '''LCD library commands.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight the parameters.
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, let us see the parameters.

'''Lcd''': A variable of type '''liquid crystal'''

'''cols''': the number of columns that the display has.

We have 16 columns in our '''LCD'''.

'''rows''': the number of rows that the display has.

We have 2 rows.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to '''Arduino IDE.'''
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to the '''Arduino IDE.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

lcd.begin(16,2);
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now, type: '''lcd.begin open bracket 16 comma 2 close bracket semicolon.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type, 

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| '''Set Cursor''' command will position the cursor in the specified row and column in the '''LCD'''.

'''Zero comma zero''' means zeroth row and zeroth column.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| There is another command called '''print''' which will print text on the '''LCD.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the print command in the manual.
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us refer the manual for the description and syntax.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type,

lcd.print(“First row”);
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Type: '''lcd.print''' and enter some text, say “'''First Row”.'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let me explain the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Highlight each line
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This program will print on a 16 by 2 configuration '''LCD'''.

Set the cursor to first position. 

'''lcd.print''' will print the text '''“First row”''' in the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on compile and upload button on the toolbar
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us compile and upload the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output “First Row”
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see the output '''“First row”''' displayed on the first line.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the second row
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| There is nothing displayed on the second row.

|-
| style="background-color:#ffffff;border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us change the program to print on the second line also.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Copy and paste the above three lines.
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Copy and paste the code.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Remove the first line
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Remove the line “'''lcd.begin'''” as it is initialized at the starting of the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Change the setcursor code to 0 and 1
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Change the '''setcursor''' command to 0<sup>th</sup> column and 1<sup>st</sup> row as shown.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Change the text to “second row”
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Change the '''print command''' text to '''“second row”'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Click on compile and upload button on the toolbar
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Now let us compile and upload the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output in the second row
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The text is displayed in the second row as well.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the void loop()
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We didn't use any code in the '''void loop.'''

But, still we need to keep the '''loop template.'''

This is because a''' loop function''' is required by the '''Arduino''' syntax.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Once the text is sent, it is there forever.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Change the program
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Let us change the cursor position to the 3<sup>rd</sup> column in the second line.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Compile and upload the program
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Again, compile and upload the program.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the output
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Note the change in the column position in the second row.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Show the manual function list
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Switch back to our '''function''' list in the manual.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Point to the various functions in the manual 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| We can see there are many more '''functions''' such as '''scrollDisplayRight, scrollDisplayLeft''' etc.


Explore these '''functions''' on your own.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This brings us to the end of this tutorial. Let us summarize.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 10:

Summary
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| In this tutorial, we learnt to:

* Connect an''' LCD''' to''' Arduino''' board
* Write a program to display a text message on '''LCD'''

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 11:

Assignment
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Do the following assignment.

* Change the same program to display the text “'''Hello World'''” in the second row.
* Place the cursor in the 4<sup>th</sup> column.
* Compile and upload the program
* Observe the text displayed in the '''LCD'''.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 12:

About Spoken Tutorial project

* Watch the video available at [http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial http://spoken-tutorial.org/What_is_a_Spoken_Tutorial]
* It summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.
* If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The video at the following link summarizes the Spoken Tutorial project.

Please download and watch it.

|-
| style="border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 13:

Spoken Tutorial workshops

The Spoken Tutorial Project Team

* Conducts workshops using spoken tutorials
* Gives certificates for those who pass an online test
* For more details, please write to contact@spoken-tutorial.org

| style="border-top:1pt solid #000001;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| The''' Spoken Tutorial Project''' Team:

* conducts workshops and
* gives certificates.

For more details, please write to us.

|-
| style="border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 14:

Forum for specific questions
| style="border:0.75pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.092cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Please post your timed queries in this forum.

|-
| style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Slide 15:

Acknowledgement

* Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the Talk to a Teacher project
* It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, Government of India
* More information on this Mission is available at
* [http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro http://spoken-tutorial.org/NMEICT-Intro]

| style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000001;border-bottom:1pt solid #000001;border-left:1pt solid #000001;border-right:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

More information on this mission is available at

this link.

|-
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| 
| style="border:1pt solid #000001;padding-top:0cm;padding-bottom:0cm;padding-left:0.088cm;padding-right:0.191cm;"| This tutorial has been contributed by FOSSEE and Spoken Tutorial Project, IIT Bombay. &nbsp;

Thanks for watching.


|}