View source for ExpEYES/C3/Diode-Rectifier-Transistor/English-timed

{| border=1
|'''Time'''
|'''Narration'''

|-
|00:01
| Hello everyone. Welcome to this tutorial on '''Diode, Rectifier and Transistor'''.

|-
|00:08
|In this tutorial, we will study:

* Working of '''PN Junction diode'''

* '''Diode''' as '''rectifier'''

* '''Diode IV''' characteristics

* '''Light emitting diode(LED) IV''' characteristics

* '''Out of Phase inverting amplifier''' and

* '''Transistor CE'''.

|-
|00:26
|Here, I am using:

* '''ExpEYES''' version '''3.1.0'''

* '''Ubuntu Linux OS''' version '''14.04'''.

|-
|00:36
|To follow this tutorial, you should be familiar with '''ExpEYES Junior''' interface.
If not, for relevant tutorials, please visit our website.

|-
|00:47
|Let's first define a '''PN junction diode'''.

|-
| 00:51
|'''PN junction diode''':

* is a '''semiconductor''' device which allows current to pass through in one direction. 

* It converts  '''alternating current''' to '''direct current'''. 
|-
|01:03
|We will demonstrate working of  '''PN junction diode''' as a '''half wave rectifier'''.

|-
|01:09
|In this experiment, we will:

* Convert '''AC signal''' into a '''DC signal'''  in '''forward bias'''

* Convert '''AC signal''' into a '''DC signal'''  in '''reverse bias'''

* '''Filter''' the '''AC''' component using a '''capacitor'''.

|-
|01:25
|Now, I will explain the '''circuit''' connections.

'''1K resistor''' is connected between '''GND''' and '''A2'''.

'''PN junction diode''' is connected between '''A2''' and '''SINE'''.

'''SINE''' is connected  to '''A1'''. Here '''SINE''' is an '''AC''' source. 

This is the '''circuit diagram'''.

|-
|01:46
|Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.

|-
|01:49
|On the Plot window, click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1'''. '''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.

|-
|01:56
|Click on '''A2''' and drag to '''CH2'''. '''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.

|-
|02:01
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves. Two '''sine''' waves are generated.

|-
|02:10
|Black trace is the original '''sine''' wave.

|-
|02:13
|Red trace is the '''rectified sine wave'''. Negative half of the red trace is completely removed, as it is a '''rectified wave'''.

|-
|02:23
|Positive half starts after '''diode''' attains a '''threshold voltage'''. '''AC''' signal gets converted  into a '''DC''' signal, in the '''forward bias'''.

|-
|02:34
|Click on '''CH1''' and drag to '''FIT'''.
Click on '''CH2''' and drag to '''FIT'''.

|-
|02:40
|Observe the '''voltage''' and '''frequency''' values on the right side of the '''window'''.

|-
|02:45
|On reversing the diode connection, '''AC''' signal gets converted into a '''DC''' signal in the '''reverse bias'''.

|-
|02:52
|We will filter the '''sine wave''' using a '''10uF''' (micro farad) '''capacitor'''. In the same connection, replace '''1K resistor''' with a '''10uF''' (micro farad) capacitor.

|-
|03:04
|This is the '''circuit diagram'''.

|-
|03:06
|Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.

|-
|03:09
|On the '''Plot window''', we can see that '''rectified sine wave''' is filtered. Here, '''AC''' component is called '''ripple''' in the '''DC'''.

|-
|03:20
|Now we will demonstrate '''diode IV''' characteristics of '''PN junction diode''' and '''LED'''s.

|-
|03:27
|I will explain the circuit connections. '''PVS''' is connected to '''IN1''' through '''1K  resistor'''.

|-
|03:34
|'''IN1''' is connected to '''GND''' through '''PN junction diode'''.

|-
|03:39
|This is the circuit diagram.

|-
|03:41
|Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.

|-
|03:44
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button. Select '''Diode IV'''.

|-
|03:53
|'''EYES:IV characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open. '''Schematic''' window shows the circuit diagram.

|-
|04:00
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.

|-
|04:05
|Current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to 0.6 volts. 

|-
|04:13
|Click on '''FIT''' button.

|-
|04:16
|'''Diode equation''' and '''Ideality factor''' are displayed. Diode's '''ideality factor''' varies between 1 and 2. 

|-
|04:26
|We will replace diode with red, green and white '''LEDs''', one by one, in the circuit.

|-
|04:33
|Please note '''LED''' glows in only one direction. If it does not glow, turn to opposite direction and connect again.

|-
|04:43
|Let's first connect red '''LED''' in the circuit. This is the circuit diagram.

|-
|04:49
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button. Select '''Diode IV'''.

|-
|04:56
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
In the '''diode IV curve''', current initially remains constant but rises as  voltage increases to '''1.7 volts'''.

|-
|05:11
|Let's connect green '''LED''' in the '''circuit'''.

|-
|05:15
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS'''  button. Select '''Diode IV'''.

|-
|05:22
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.

|-
|05:27
|In the '''diode IV curve''', current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to '''1.8 volts'''. Here, the value may vary a little.

|-
|05:40
|Let's connect white '''LED''' in the circuit. 

|-
|05:44
|On the '''Plot window''',  click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button. Select '''Diode IV'''.

|-
|05:51
|On '''EYES:IV characteristics''' window, click on '''START''' button.
In the '''diode IV curve''', current initially remains constant but rises as voltage increases to  '''2.6 volts'''.

|-
|06:05
|Now, we will demonstrate '''180 degree out of phase sine waves'''.

|-
|06:10
|We can do this by '''invert'''ing the output of '''SINE''' using an '''amplifier'''. Here, we are using '''51K''' '''resistor''' for the amplification.

|-
|06:21
|I will explain the circuit connections.

|-
|06:24
|'''A1''' is connected to '''SINE'''.
'''51K''' resistor is connected between '''SINE''' and '''IN'''.
'''OUT''' is connected to '''A2'''. 

|-
|06:35
|This is the circuit diagram.

|-
|06:37
|Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.

|-
|06:40
|On the '''Plot window''', click on '''A1'''  and drag to '''CH1'''. '''A1''' is assigned to '''CH1'''.

|-
|06:49
|Click on '''A2''' and drag to '''CH2'''.
'''A2''' is assigned to '''CH2'''.

|-
|06:54
|Move the '''mSec/div''' slider to adjust the waves. Two '''Sine  waves''' differing in phase by 180 degree are generated.

|-
|07:04
|Click on '''CH1''' and drag to '''FIT'''.
Click on '''CH2''' and drag to '''FIT'''.

|-
|07:10
|'''Voltage''' and '''frequency''' values are displayed on the right side.

|-
|07:15
|Right-click on '''CH1'''. '''Voltage, frequency''' & '''Phase shift''' values are displayed at the bottom of the '''window'''.

|-
|07:25
|Now, we will plot '''transistor CE (collector emitter)''' characteristic '''curve'''s.  

|-
|07:31
|Please use '''2N2222, NPN  transistor'''. '''Solder''' the wires of the transistor so that transistor can be connected properly to the '''ExpEYES''' kit.

|-
|07:44
|I will explain the circuit connections.
'''SQR1''' is connected to '''200K  resistor'''.
'''200K''' resistor  is connected to '''base''' of the '''transistor'''. 

|-
|07:56
|'''PVS''' is connected to '''collector''' using a '''1K  resistor'''.
'''IN1''' is connected between '''1K resistor''' and '''collector'''.

|-
|08:06
|'''Emitter''' is connected to '''GND''' (ground). 
'''100uF''' (micro farad) capacitor is connected between '''200K resistor''' and '''GND'''.
This is the '''circuit diagram'''.

|-
|08:18
|Let's see the result on the '''Plot window'''.

|-
|08:21
|On the '''Plot window''', '''Set PVS''' value as '''3 volts'''. '''PVS''' is set to  '''3 volts''' to provide '''internal voltage'''.

|-
|08:31
|Click on '''EXPERIMENTS''' button and select  '''Transistor CE'''.

|-
|08:37
|'''EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics''' and '''Schematic''' windows open.
'''Schematic''' window shows circuit diagram.

|-
|08:47
|On the '''EYES Junior: Transistor CE characteristics''' window, change the '''base voltage''' to 1 Volt. 

|-
|08:55
|Click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' increases and becomes constant.
Collector current is close to '''0.3 mA'''. '''Base Current''' is '''2uA'''(micro ampere).

|-
|09:10
|Change the '''base voltage''' to '''2 Volts''' and click on '''START''' button. '''Collector current''' is '''1.5 mA'''

|-
|09:19
|'''Base Current'''  is '''7uA'''(micro ampere).

|-
|09:23
|Change the base voltage to '''3V''' and click on '''START''' button. Collector current is '''2.7mA'''

|-
|09:33
|Base Current is '''12uA'''(micro ampere).

|-
|09:37
|Let's summarize.

|-
|09:38
|In this tutorial, we have studied: 

* Working of PN Junction diode

* Diode as rectifier

* Diode IV characteristics

* LED IV characteristics 

* Out of Phase inverting amplifier and

* Transistor CE.

|-
|09:58
|As an assignment- 

Measure the intensity of light and its variation from the source.

This is the circuit diagram.

The output should look like this.

|-
|10:13
|This video summarizes the '''Spoken Tutorial''' project. If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and watch it.

|-
|10:21
|We conduct workshops using Spoken Tutorials and give certificates. Please contact us.

|-
|10:28
| Spoken Tutorial project is funded by NMEICT, MHRD, Government of India.

|-
|10:34
|This tutorial is contributed by Kaushik Datta and Madhuri Ganapathi.
Thank you for joining.

|}